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Cervical neoplasia has high morbidity and mortality and is the main female gynecological neoplasia, but it is susceptible to early detection and cure. A major challenge for developing countries such as Brazil is the expansion of prevention programs, which becomes more effective when the epidemiology is known. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey to evaluate the Brazilian panorama of this neoplasm. A temporal aggregate study was performed using the mortality and hospital admission rates for cervical neoplasia throughout the Brazilian territory during the years 2005 to 2015, data obtained through DATASUS and IBGE. During the years 2005 to 2015, there was a significant drop (p

Introduction: Viral hepatitis comprises a group of viruses characterized by high global prevalence and hepatic tropism. Its epidemiology is extremely variable throughout the world, and South America is an endemic place. A better understanding of the regional reality is fundamental for proposing new public health measures. Methods: We conducted an aggregate temporal study of the Viral Hepatitis Database of the Ministry of Health of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), with an epidemiological profile of the reactive results of HBsAg and Anti-HCV tests, together with data on mortality from acute Hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis from the respective Health Macro-Regions from 2007 to 2015. Results: The incidence of new cases of hepatitis B in RS during the analyzed period was 11 (95% CI, 9.7-12.1) cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Meanwhile, the Northern region of the state, represented by the municipality of Passo Fundo, had 32.7 (95% CI, 28.3-37) and 22.8 (95% CI, 19.5-26) new cases of hepatitis B per 100,000 inhabitants for men and women, respectively. The incidence of new cases of hepatitis C in the State of Rio Grande do Sul was 29.2 (95% CI, 24.5-34.9 in 100,000 inhabitants). Conclusion: Viral hepatitis remains an important pathology in the context of Rio Grande do Sul and its Macro-Regions. Keywords : Hepatitis; epidemiology; mortality

Introduction: Malignant esophageal neoplasia is a rare tumor, but it has high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment associated with surgical approach remains the best treatment for the disease. Its epidemiology is extremely diverse in the world, even in the same country. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis made from 2000-2015, analyzing the mortality rates of malignant esophageal neoplasia in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in its 30 Health Regions and in Brazil. The mortality data were collected in the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the population data in the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Results: The esophageal cancer mortality rate was 8.61 (95% CI, 8.49-8.73) per 100,000 inhabitants in RS, while the national rate was 3.66 (95% CI, 3, 49- 3.82), with a significant difference (p

Introdução: A diarreia é um dos sinais mais antigos já descritos, atinge todas as faixas etárias, ricos e pobres, países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento apresentando significante relação com a pobreza. Está relacionada à elevada morbidade e mortalidade, sendo o seu manejo fundamental para melhora de indicadores sociais. Objetivo: O presente estudo analisou a evolução das taxas de hospitalização e as taxas de mortalidade por diarreia no Brasil durante os anos de 2000 a 2015. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de agregado temporal, retrospectivo e descritivo de 15 anos (2000 a 2015), utilizando as taxas de mortalidade e de internação hospitalar de diarreia nos 26 estados federais e no Distrito Federal. Os dados foram extraídos do DATASUS e IBGE. Resultados: No período analisado observou-se mais de 3,4 milhões de casos de internações hospitalares por diarreia e 72 mil mortes no território brasileiro. A taxa média de internação foi de 112/100 mil habitantes (IC95%, 100-123). As maiores taxas de mortalidade foram em pacientes acima de 80 anos, com 49/100 mil habitantes (IC95%, 47-52). Observou-se ao longo dos anos uma melhora nos índices pediátricos, porém foi notado aumento da mortalidade e internação hospitalar em estados do Nordeste na população idosa. Conclusão: O Brasil apresentou melhora nos índices de internação e mortalidade por doença diarreica em um contexto geral, possivelmente devido a melhora da infraestrutura social e do tratamento hospitalar, no entanto, cuidados com a população idosa ainda merecem atenção especial principalmente no Nordeste. Contudo, investimentos ainda devem ser feitos para consolidar esse cenário.