1. Model based prediction of age-specific soil and dust ingestion rates for children
- Author
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Haluk, Özkaynak, Graham, Glen, Jonathan, Cohen, Heidi, Hubbard, Kent, Thomas, Linda, Phillips, and Nicolle, Tulve
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Dust ,Environmental Exposure ,Toxicology ,complex mixtures ,Pollution ,Eating ,Soil ,Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Child - Abstract
BackgroundSoil and dust ingestion can be a primary route of environmental exposures. Studies have shown that young children are more vulnerable to incidental soil and dust ingestion. However, available data to develop soil and dust ingestion rates for some child-specific age groups are either lacking or uncertain.ObjectiveOur objective was to use the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Soil and Dust (SHEDS-Soil/Dust) model to estimate distributions of soil and dust ingestion rates for ten age ranges from infancy to late adolescents (birth to 21 years).MethodsWe developed approaches for modeling age groups previously not studied, including a new exposure scenario for infants to capture exposures to indoor dust via pacifier use and accounting for use of blankets that act as a barrier to soil and dust exposure.ResultsOverall mean soil and dust ingestion rates ranged from ~35 mg/day (infants, 0–SignificanceThese results provide modeled estimates of children’s soil and dust ingestion rates for use in decision making using real-world exposure considerations.Impact statementThe parameterization of scenarios to capture infant soil and dust ingestion and the application of SHEDS-Soil/Dust to a broader age range of children provides additional estimates of soil and dust ingestion rates that are useful in refining population-based risk assessments. These data illuminate drivers of exposure that are useful to both risk management applications and for designing future studies that improve upon existing tracer methodologies.
- Published
- 2022
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