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Objective: To analyze the spatial patterns of leprosy in Pernambuco from 2011 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological epidemiological study, carried out with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, based on new cases of leprosy among inhabitants of Pernambuco, between 2011–2021. An empirical Bayesian analysis of local and spatial dependence was performed with the global and local Moran indices. Results: 25,008 new cases of leprosy were registered with an annual case detection rate in the general population of 16.51 cases/100,000 inhabitants — which is considered high. Among those younger than 15 years of age, there were 5.16 cases/100,000 inhabitants (high) and 0.89/100,000 inhabitants with degree II of physical disability (low); there were also many high-risk cases with an overall Moran index of 0.33 (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos dados relacionados às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e no Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade, as variáveis sociodemográficas com a ocorrência das formas graves e óbitos e a tendência temporal da doença em Pernambuco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, de série temporal com dados referentes às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose em Pernambuco, de 2007 a 2017. Para o linkage entre as bases de dados, foi desenvolvida uma função em linguagem python de programação, utilizando o método soundex. Para identificar fatores sociodemográficos e sanitários que se correlacionaram com as variáveis dependentes, foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Pearson. Para a análise de tendência, aplicou-se a regressão linear. Resultados: Identificaram-se 9.085 casos graves, 1.956 óbitos e 186 casos no linkage. A correlação entre a taxa média de positividade com o abastecimento hídrico rede geral e coleta de lixo foi 0,22 e 0,26 respectivamente. Houve correlação da taxa média de mortalidade acumulada com abastecimento hídrico por poço ou nascente (r=0,27), abastecimento hídrico por rede geral (r=0,3), coleta de lixo (r=0,42), urbanização das vias (r=0,29). Ocorreram 3.153 formas graves em 2007, com tendência a redução, e 205 óbitos em 2010, sem um padrão de tendência. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maiores investimentos no controle da doença e na qualidade da informação, especialmente no registro das formas graves, pois, dada a fisiopatologia da doença, o óbito só ocorre quando o indivíduo desenvolve a forma crônica, sendo imperativo sua notificação no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação.

Objective: To verify the agreement of data on severe forms and deaths from schistosomiasis recorded in the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System and the Mortality Information System, sociodemographic variables with the occurrence of severe forms and deaths, and the temporal trend of the disease in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive, time series study with data on severe forms and deaths from schistosomiasis in Pernambuco, from 2007 to 2017. For the linkage between databases, a function was developed in python programming language, using the Soundex method. To identify sociodemographic and health factors that correlated with the dependent variables, Pearson’s correlation test was applied. For trend analysis, linear regression was applied. Results: We identified 9,085 severe cases, 1,956 deaths, and 186 cases in the linkage. The correlation between the average positivity rate with the general water supply and waste collection was 0.22 and 0.26 respectively. We verified a correlation of the average cumulative mortality rate with water supply by well or spring (r=0.27), water supply by the general network (r=0.3), waste collection (r=0.42), and road urbanization (r=0.29). We found 3,153 severe forms in 2007 with a decrease trend and 205 deaths in 2010, without a trend pattern. Conclusion: There is a need for greater investments in disease control and in the quality of information, especially in the record of severe forms, considering that, due to the pathophysiology of the disease, death only occurs when the individual develops the chronic form, and its notification on the Notifiable Diseases Information System is imperative.

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalh?es Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalh?es Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil. Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Para?ba. Department of Probability and Statistics. Jo?o Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalh?es Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalh?es Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil. This is an analysis of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the city of Recife in the Northeast of Brazil based on the number of schistosomiasis cases (Schistosoma mansoni) registered for the period 2007-2017 together with data resulting from active search of breeding sites of the Biomphalaria snail intermediate host. The analyses were performed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), SaTScan and Map Algebra methodology using human socio-demographic data and biotic and abiotic data from the snail breeding sites. Investigating 44 breeding sites resulted in a total of 3.800 snails, 31.8% of which were positive for S. mansoni DNA. These data were considered in relation to total of 652 schistosomiasis cases. The KDE showed two high-risk and two medium-risk clusters, while three significant clusters were identified by SaTScan. Combining these data with the Map Algebra methodology showed that all high-risk neighbourhoods had breeding sites with snails positive for S. mansoni. It was concluded that schistosomiasis transmission cannot be controlled without basic sanitation and sewage management in the presence of Biomphalaria snails. The technique of Map Algebra was found to be fundamental for the analysis and demonstration of areas with a high probability of schistosomiasis transmission.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection still represents an important public health problem, because it involves clinical, epidemiological, social, economic and political issues. We analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of the HIV incidence in an area of social inequality in northeast Brazil and its association with socioeconomic indicators. An ecological study was carried out with a focus on all HIV cases reported in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil from 2007 to 2016 using its 102 municipalities as the units of our analysis. Data from the Brazilian information systems were used. Georeferenced data were analyzed using TerraView 4.2.2 software, QGis 2.18.2 and GeoDa 1.14.0. Time trend analyses were performed by the Joinpoint Regression software and the spatial analyses included the empirical Bayesian model and Moran autocorrelation. Spatial regression was used to determine the influence of space on HIV incidence rate and socioeconomic inequalities. There was an increasing trend of HIV rates, especially in the municipalities of the interior. Significant spatial correlations were observed with the formation of clusters with emphasis on the coast of the state and in tourist regions. Spatial regression explained 46% of the dependent variable. The HIV incidence rate was positively influenced by rate of primary health care units (P=0.00), and negatively by Gini index (P=0.00) and proportion of heads of household without or low education (P=0.02). We conclude that the relationship found between indicators of better socioeconomic conditions and HIV infection suggests unequal access to the diagnosis of infection. Prevention and control strategies can be established according to each epidemiological reality.