30 results on '"Pascal Fanise"'
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2. Diurnal Cycles of C-Band Temporal Coherence and Backscattering Coefficient Over a Wheat Field in a Semi-Arid Area
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Jamal Ezzahar, Ludovic Villard, Pascal Fanise, Nadia Ouaadi, Salah Er-Raki, M. Kasbani, A. Chakir, Pierre-Louis Frison, Said Khabba, V. Le Dantec, and Lionel Jarlan
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Hydric soil ,C band ,law ,Evapotranspiration ,Environmental science ,Coherence (signal processing) ,Growing season ,Radar ,Atmospheric sciences ,Water content ,Wind speed ,law.invention - Abstract
C-band radar observations are well known to have great potentials for the monitoring of crop hydric conditions. Recent studies suggested that the observed difference of backscattering coefficient ( $\sigma_{o}$ ) between ascending and descending pass over tropical forest could be related to the physiological functioning of the trees. Likewise, the water movement within annual crops could lead to a daily cycle of both $\sigma_{o}$ and temporal coherence ( $\rho$ ). The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary results of an experiment carried out on a winter wheat field in Morocco that was instrumented with six C-band antennas during 2020 growing season. The preliminary results showed strong daily cycles of $\rho$ and $\sigma_{o}$ that are analyzed in relation to wind speed, surface soil moisture and evapotranspiration. This work open insights for the monitoring of the crop hydric status using C-band radar data acquired by Sentinel-1 and by potential future radar geostationary missions.
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- 2021
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3. Modelling of water and energy exchanges over a sparse olive orchard in semi-arid areas
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Gilles Boulet, Aaron Boone, Hechmi Chehab, Pascal Fanise, Zohra Lili Chabaane, Lionel Jarlan, W. Chebbi, Valérie Le Dantec, and Vincent Rivalland
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Topsoil ,Environmental science ,Context (language use) ,Vegetation ,Orchard ,Atmospheric sciences ,Mediterranean Basin ,Arid ,Olive trees ,Transpiration - Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, olive orchards occupy a large fraction of agricultural lands due to its sustainability to harsh conditions, drought in particular. Since most modeling tools to simulate vegetation functioning are not meant to represent very sparse crops (i.e., rainfed olive trees have a vegetation fraction cover ranging from 2 to 15 %), computing the water needs and the vulnerability to drought of an olive orchard is a challenge. There is indeed a very high contribution of the bare soil signal to the total fluxes, and it is difficult to decipher the contribution of the tree from that of the entire surface. In this context, in an attempt to study the olive tree hydrological functioning at field scale (38 ha), an experimental site was setup and a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere (SVAT) model has been applied. To represent the orchard soil–plant–atmosphere interactions, a simulation with default settings was assessed using parameters derived from both the literature and ground measurements. In this default configuration, neither the predicted actual nor the potential transpiration could reach the observed transpiration acquired during the wet season (R2 = 0.67, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 5.63 mm week−1). We show that the model fails to reproduce the relevant leaf surface that transpires. To address this issue and to improve the estimate of the year-to-year variability of the olive tree transpiration, we propose guidance on how a SVAT model can be modified to more appropriately represent the hydrological functioning of a sparse orchard. Once the tree transpiration is accurately simulated (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.62 mm week−1), we evaluated whether the fully coupled (single patch) or a fully uncoupled (two patch) system better reproduced the total fluxes and their components. Owing to the independent characteristics of the soil columns inherent in the assumption of the 2-patch version, the bare soil column shows a deficiency if the topsoil root extraction is not accounted for. We deduced that we cannot accurately reproduce the soil evaporation in this configuration. This study open perspectives for a better representation of water fluxes over sparse tree crops into both hydrological and SVAT models.
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- 2020
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4. C band radar crops monitoring at high temporal frequency: first results of the MOCTAR campaign
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Jamal Ezzahar, Ludovic Villard, Pascal Fanise, Nadia Ouaadi, Salah Er-Raki, A. Chakir, V. Le Dantec, Pierre-Louis Frison, Lionel Jarlan, Said Khabba, Mehrez Zribi, M. Kasbani, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Mediterranean climate ,2. Zero hunger ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,C band ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Polarimetry ,02 engineering and technology ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,Olive trees ,law.invention ,Interferometry ,law ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental science ,Radar ,Water content ,Decorrelation ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
This work deals with crops monitoring in a semi-arid environment, the Mediterranean region, where up to 90% of available water is used for irrigation. In addition to help for yield predictions, temporal monitoring at a regular time basis can help for the optimization of water use. We focused on the daily cycle of the backscattering radar coefficient over two different crop Mediterranean types: olive trees and wheat. With a six-day period between two consecutive acquisitions, the Sentinel-1 mission improves significantly the potential of SAR data for seasonal monitoring of earth surfaces. The available temporal frequency allows for the first time the temporal monitoring of natural surfaces in relation with seasonal changes. However, they are still many issues for better understanding Sentinel-1 temporal signatures and the full potential of these data over crop fields. Indeed, crop fields are characterized by contrasted surface states between bare soils and densely vegetated, with sudden changes due to field works (changing dramatically soil roughness or moisture) or harvests. The MOCTAR experiment consists in the acquisitions of radar fully polarimetric interferometric C-band data acquired continuously at 10 min time step from the top of a tower. The study site is located in the Haouz plain, near the city of Marrakech, in the Chichaoua region, in Morocco. The region is characterized by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate, with an average of 250 mm of yearly precipitation. The region is characterized by two main seasons: wet and dry, extended from October to April and from May to September respectively. Maximum temperatures occur in July-August (average of 27.2 °C) and minimum in January (10.8° C). The study site is composed of two plots of 2.50 ha each, one consisting in olive trees, the other in wheat (Fig. 1). Both are irrigated with drip technique. The study site is documented for more than 10 years, and in situ measurements such as soil moisture, biomass, sapflow sensors (thermal dissipation method) and a micrometric dendrometer are regularly collected.The radar antennas are fixed on a 20 m height tower, in a similar way than the TropiScat experiment They have been installed in May 2019. Four L-band antennas, two emitting and two receiving, one in H and the other in V polarizations, are visible on the bottom row. Above, six antennas operating at C band are mounted on two rows: four on the bottom one (two emitting and two receiving in H and V pol.) and above two receiving antennas in H and V pol. This configuration allows for interferometric fully polarimetric acquisitions also called PolInSAR. The acquisitions are made continuously with a 10 min time step.First results show pronounced daily cycles, with amplitude of about 2 dB. These cycles are likely correlated to diurnal variations of tree water content and sap flow, but need to be further investigated sap flows and dielectric constant measurements made on the trunks. These results will be analyzed by comparison with Sentinel-1 temporal profiles.
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- 2020
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5. Analysis of evapotranspiration components of a rainfed olive orchard during three contrasting years in a semi-arid climate
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Bernard Mougenot, W. Chebbi, Gilles Boulet, Z. Lili Chabaane, V. Le Dantec, Hassan Ayari, and Pascal Fanise
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0106 biological sciences ,Hydrology ,Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Eddy covariance ,Forestry ,01 natural sciences ,Olive trees ,Water balance ,Evapotranspiration ,Semi-arid climate ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Transpiration - Abstract
Evapotranspiration is one of the most important fluxes of the water budget in semi-arid areas. The estimation of actual crop transpiration is a major issue in those regions due to its remarkable impacts on the precision of irrigation scheduling, crop growth and yield. Rainfed olive trees are adapted to the southern part of the Mediterranean basin even though they are vulnerable to an increased number of drought spells that might occur under current climate change scenarios. This present paper studies both water and energy exchanges over a rainfed olive grove in semi-arid conditions. The hydrological functioning of sparse olive trees is difficult to characterize because of its low LAI. To better understand water exchanges within the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere continuum and better evaluate the evapotranspiration and its components, we combine data arising from eddy covariance, soil water content measurements and the sap flow method. First, we check the consistency of the evapotranspiration partitioning and water balance over three contrasted years: one wet and two dry. Total evapotranspiration (ET) from eddy covariance method compares well with the sum of the evaporation (E) generated from the surface soil moisture measurements and the transpiration derived from the sap flow method. The top meter soil water balance corresponds roughly to ET during the wet year but for the dry years there is an evidence of extraction by roots below the first meter of soil. Inter-annual variations of the transpiration and associated water stress levels are analyzed by the combined use of different types of eco-physiological (sap flow) as well as remotely sensed variables that can be monitored through proxi-detection (albedo, surface temperature, surface soil moisture). The amount and timing of vegetation stress are consistent throughout the various indicators. Consequently, this consistent set of data can be used to constrain a SVAT land-surface model capable of representing the various features of the water and energy budget for this specific land cover.
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- 2018
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6. Bare soil hydrological balance model 'MHYSAN': Calibration and validation using SAR moisture products and continuous thetaprobe network measurements over bare agricultural soils (Tunisia)
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Vincent Simonneaux, Azza Gorrab, Nicolas Baghdadi, Mehrez Zribi, Zohra Lili Chabaane, Sameh Saadi, Pascal Fanise, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Synthetic aperture radar ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Soil texture ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Extrapolation ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,01 natural sciences ,Continuous soil moisture measurements ,modelling ,Satellite soil moisture products ,remote sensing ,Semi-arid area ,SURVEILLANCE ,Calibration ,Range (statistics) ,14. Life underwater ,TELEDETECTION ,very high spatial resolution ,Water content ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Remote sensing ,RADAR A SYNTHESE D'OUVERTURE ,Ecology ,Moisture ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,HUMIDITE DU SOL ,Bare soil hydrological model ,methodology ,soil water content ,soil texture ,15. Life on land ,MODELISATION ,020801 environmental engineering ,monitoring ,Soil water ,TRES HAUTE RESOLUTION SPATIALE ,Environmental science ,TEXTURE DU SOL ,METHODOLOGIE ,synthetic aperture radar - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The present study highlights the potential of multi-temporal X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) moisture products to be used for the calibration of a model reproducing soil moisture (SM) variations. We propose the MHYSAN model (Modèle de bilan HYdrique des Sols Agricoles Nus) for simulating soil water balance of bare soils. This model was used to simulate surface evaporation fluxes and SM content at daily time scale over a semi-arid, bare agricultural site in Tunisia (North Africa). Two main approaches are considered in this study. Firstly, the MHYSAN model was successfully calibrated for seven sites using continuous thetaprobe measurements at two depths. Then the possibility to extrapolate local SM simulations at distant sites, based on soil texture similarity only, was tested. This extrapolation was assessed using SAR estimates and manual thetaprobe measurements of SM recorded at these distant sites. The results reveal a bias of approximately 0.63% and 3.04%, and an RMSE equal to 6.11% and 4.5%, for the SAR volumetric SM and manual thetaprobe measurements, respectively. In a second approach, the MHYSAN model was calibrated using seven very high resolution SAR (TerraSAR-X) SM outputs ranging over only two months. The simulated SM were validated using continuous thetaprobe measurements during 15 months. Although the SM was measured on only seven different dates for the purposes of calibration, satisfactory results 30 were obtained as a result of the wide range of SM values recorded in these seven images. This led to good overall calibration of the soil parameters, thus demonstrating the considerable potential of Sentinel-1 images for daily soil moisture monitoring using simple models.
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- 2017
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7. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for soil moisture and irrigation mapping over semi-arid region
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Mehrez Zribi, Nicolas Baghdadi, Zohra Lili Chabaane, Gilles Boulet, Mohammad El Hajj, Safa Bousbih, Pascal Fanise, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT)
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Irrigation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mean squared error ,NDVI ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Decision tree ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,irrigation ,law.invention ,high spatial resolution ,law ,Radar ,C-band ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Water content ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Arid ,6. Clean water ,020801 environmental engineering ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Environmental science ,Sentinel-1 ,Sentinel-2 ,soil moisture ,Scale (map) - Abstract
International audience; Identifying the irrigated areas is essential for waters managers who are in charge of distributing this resource over a large scale. The monitoring of water soil content and irrigation is a powerful tool for water resource management. The potential of Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) data for estimating the soil moisture and irrigation is studied over covered surfaces. An inversion algorithm of the Water Cloud Model (WCM) was developed after calibrating and validating the model over the Kairouan plain, a semi-arid region in Tunisia. The aim is to restitute soil moisture over the whole region. The developed algorithm used a synergy between S1, radar data in VV polarization, and NDVI derived from S2 optical data at high spatial resolution. The results showed good accuracy between retrieved and measured soil moisture with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) lower than 6 vol.%. Then, the resulting soil moisture maps were used for irrigation mapping. The process used a combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree classifications to distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural fields. Results from the annual irrigation map show that the overall accuracy on the classification is about 77%.
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- 2019
8. Evapotranspiration and evaporation/transpiration partitioning with dual source energy balance models in agricultural lands
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Bernard Mougenot, W. Chebbi, Gilles Boulet, Albert Olioso, Pascal Fanise, Emilie Delogu, Zohra Lili-Chabaane, Sameh Saadi, Jean-Pierre Lagouarde, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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capacité de récupération ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Modèle de bilan énergétique ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Evaporation ,Energy balance ,évapotranspiration ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Latent heat ,Evapotranspiration ,Water cycle ,Milieux et Changements globaux ,Water content ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Transpiration ,2. Zero hunger ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,eau de surface ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,température de surface ,terre agricole ,General Medicine ,15. Life on land ,020801 environmental engineering ,lcsh:Geology ,dynamique de l'écosystème ,Environmental science ,Surface water ,évaporation - Abstract
EvapoTranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water cycle, especially in semi-arid lands. Its quantification is crucial for a sustainable management of scarce water resources. A way to quantify ET is to exploit the available surface temperature data from remote sensing as a signature of the surface energy balance, including the latent heat flux. Remotely sensed energy balance models enable to estimate stress levels and, in turn, the water status of most continental surfaces. The evaporation and transpiration components of ET are also just as important in agricultural water management and ecosystem health monitoring. Single temperatures can be used with dual source energy balance models but rely on specific assumptions on raw levels of plant water stress to get both components out of a single source of information. Additional information from remote sensing data are thus required, either something specifically related to evaporation (such as surface water content) or transpiration (such as PRI or fluorescence). This works evaluates the SPARSE dual source energy balance model ability to compute not only total ET, but also water stress and transpiration/evaporation components. First, the theoretical limits of the ET component retrieval are assessed through a simulation experiment using both retrieval and prescribed modes of SPARSE with the sole surface temperature. A similar work is performed with an additional constraint, the topsoil surface soil moisture level, showing the significant improvement on the retrieval. Then, a flux dataset acquired over rainfed wheat is used to check the robustness of both stress levels and ET retrievals. In particular, retrieval of the evaporation and transpiration components is assessed in both conditions (forcing by the sole temperature or the combination of temperature and soil moisture). In our example, there is no significant difference in the performance of the total ET retrieval, since the evaporation rate retrieved from the sole surface temperature is already fairly close to the one we can reconstruct from observed surface soil moisture time series, but current work is underway to test it over other plots.
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- 2018
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9. Snow observations in Mount Lebanon (2011–2016)
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Ahmad Al Bitar, Pascal Fanise, Laurent Drapeau, Abbas Fayad, Janine Somma, Richard Escadafal, Simon Gascoin, Ali Fadel, Ghaleb Faour, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Laboratoire de Télédétection, Département de Géographie, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification (CSFD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Drainage basin ,02 engineering and technology ,Snow field ,01 natural sciences ,Snow line ,Hydrometeorology ,Precipitation ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Elevation ,15. Life on land ,Snow ,020801 environmental engineering ,lcsh:Geology ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,Snowmelt ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE - Abstract
We present a unique meteorological and snow observational dataset in Mount Lebanon, a mountainous region with a Mediterranean climate, where snowmelt is an essential water resource. The study region covers the recharge area of three karstic river basins (total area of 1092 km2 and an elevation up to 3088 m). The dataset consists of (1) continuous meteorological and snow height observations, (2) snowpack field measurements, and (3) medium-resolution satellite snow cover data. The continuous meteorological measurements at three automatic weather stations (MZA, 2296 m; LAQ, 1840 m; and CED, 2834 m a.s.l.) include surface air temperature and humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, incoming and reflected shortwave irradiance, and snow height, at 30 min intervals for the snow seasons (November–June) between 2011 and 2016 for MZA and between 2014 and 2016 for CED and LAQ. Precipitation data were filtered and corrected for Geonor undercatch. Observations of snow height (HS), snow water equivalent, and snow density were collected at 30 snow courses located at elevations between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l. during the two snow seasons of 2014–2016 with an average revisit time of 11 days. Daily gap-free snow cover extent (SCA) and snow cover duration (SCD) maps derived from MODIS snow products are provided for the same period (2011–2016). We used the dataset to characterize mean snow height, snow water equivalent (SWE), and density for the first time in Mount Lebanon. Snow seasonal variability was characterized with high HS and SWE variance and a relatively high snow density mean equal to 467 kg m−3. We find that the relationship between snow depth and snow density is specific to the Mediterranean climate. The current model explained 34 % of the variability in the entire dataset (all regions between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l.) and 62 % for high mountain regions (elevation 2200–2900 m a.s.l.). The dataset is suitable for the investigation of snow dynamics and for the forcing and validation of energy balance models. Therefore, this dataset bears the potential to greatly improve the quantification of snowmelt and mountain hydrometeorological processes in this data-scarce region of the eastern Mediterranean. The DOI for the data is https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583733.
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- 2018
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10. Performances of GNSS-R GLORI data over Lande forest
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Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Dominique Guyon, Mehrez Zribi, Nazzareno Pierdicca, Erwan Matte, Pascal Fanise, Nicolas Baghdadi, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
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Ground truth ,ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ,GIRONDE ,AIRBORNE ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,FRANCE SUD OUEST ,GNSS-R ,Pine forest ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Diameter at breast height ,02 engineering and technology ,15. Life on land ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,Reflectivity ,GNSS applications ,High elevation ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental science ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
International audience; The GLORI Campaign performed in June-July 2015 to investigate the sensitivity of airborne GNSS-R measurements to land parameters is presented. In this paper data obtained on forest areas are analyzed. Ground truth measurements of tree height, density and diameter at breast height, AGB etc were measured over 100 maritime pine forest plots of various ages. The correlation between forest parameters and GNSS reflectivity in LHCP polarization or polarization ratio (PR) yields to high sensitivity for high elevation angles (70°-90°). Results show that PR illustrates highest potential than the reflectivity in LHCP.
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- 2018
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11. Monitoring of surface soil moisture based on optical and radar data over agricultural fields
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Safa Bousbih, Mehrez Zribi, Bernard Mougenot, Pascal Fanise, Zohra Lili-Chabaane, and Nicolas Baghdadi
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C band ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,020801 environmental engineering ,law.invention ,law ,Evapotranspiration ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Radar ,Leaf area index ,Water content - Abstract
The surface soil moisture is a key parameter that describes and conditions the exchange between the surface and the atmosphere via the energy balance. It is important because of its impact on the evapotranspiration and irrigation management. The most widespread approach is based on the synergy between radar and optical data to retrieve soil moisture. The aim is to study the potential of Sentinel sensors (Sentinel-1 (S-1) and Sentinel-2 (S-2)) for the retrieving of the soil moisture at regional scale. First, an analysis between the radar (S-1) and the measured data (soil moisture, soil roughness and Leaf Area Index (LAI)) is established over bare soils and cereal fields in the Kairouan plain, Tunisia. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the radar signal in VV (vertical) polarization and soil and vegetation parameters are strongly correlated than in VH cross-polarization. The Water Cloud Model was calibrated using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) retrieved from Sentinel-2 images. Then, an inversion approach of this model is developed for the mapping of soil moisture at high spatial resolution.
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- 2018
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12. GNSS reflectometryfor land surfa CES applications
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Mehrez Zribi and Pascal Fanise
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Bistatic radar ,Moisture ,GNSS applications ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Environmental science ,Satellite system ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,Water content ,020801 environmental engineering ,GNSS reflectometry ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The land surface conditions play an essential role in water and carbon cycles understanding. During the last thirty years, different approaches, based on microwave remote sensing have been developed to estimate surface parameters, describing soil and vegetation cover. In this context, since the 90s', the high availability of measurements coming from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has created a new area of microwave remote sensing for oceanic and continental surfaces. The GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), for which GNSS signals are used in a bistatic configuration to monitor and estimate surface parameters (moisture, biomass of vegetation cover, etc) has been exploited. This paper illustrates firstly the physical bases of GNSS-R techniques. It illustrates also an example of GNSS-R application through the airborne GLORI campaigns over the south West of France (agricultural sites, Landes forest). Results illustrate a high potential of GNSS-R observables to retrieve soil moisture and vegetation properties in agricultural and forest areas.
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- 2018
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13. Estimation of vegetation dynamics using low-cost GPS receiver
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Mehrez Zribi, Pascal Fanise, Nicolas Baghdadi, Erwan Motte, and Walid Zouaoui
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Attenuation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Satellite system ,02 engineering and technology ,GPS signals ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,GNSS applications ,medicine ,Global Positioning System ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,medicine.symptom ,Vegetation (pathology) ,business ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the potential use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals for the monitoring of local vegetation characteristics. A new instrument, based on the use of a pair of low-cost receivers and antennas, providing continuous measurements of all the available Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signals is proposed for the determination of signal attenuation caused by vegetation cover. Experimental campaigns with this instrument, combined with ground-truth measurements of the vegetation, were performed over a non-irrigated sunflower test field for a period of more than two months, corresponding to a significant portion of the vegetation cycle. A high correlation is observed between the vegetation's water content and the GPS signals attenuation, and an empirical modeling is tested for the retrieval of signal behavior as a function of vegetation water content.
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- 2017
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14. Results from the GLORIE GNSS-R airborne campaign: Agricultural areas
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Frédéric Baup, Remy Fieuzal, Pascal Fanise, Mehrez Zribi, Erwan Motte, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Sylvia Dayau, Nicolas Baghdadi, Dominique Guyon, Sahar Ben Hmida, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
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AIRBORNE ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,MOISTURE ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Vegetation cover ,AGRICUTURAL ,Leaf area index ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,Ground truth ,GNSS-R ,business.industry ,15. Life on land ,Reflectivity ,SOIL ,GNSS applications ,Agriculture ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental science ,VEGETATION ,business ,GLORIE - Abstract
International audience; The GLORIE Campaign was performed in June-July 2015 in order to investigate the sensitivity of airborne GNSS-R measurements to land parameters. In this paper we present the first results focusing on agricultural areas. For this purpose ground truth measurements of soil moisture, roughness, plant water content and plant height were measured over 20 agricultural plots of various crops (cereals, vegetables, bare soil). The correlation with GNSS reflectivity in LHCP polarization confirms noticeable sensitivity to soil moisture, and plant related parameters such as NDVI, vegetation water content and plant height.
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- 2017
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15. Low-Cost GPS Receivers for the Monitoring of Sunflower Cover Dynamics
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Pascal Fanise, Erwan Motte, Mehrez Zribi, and Walid Zouaoui
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Ground truth ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Article Subject ,business.industry ,Attenuation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,GPS signals ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Azimuth ,Control and Systems Engineering ,GNSS applications ,lcsh:Technology (General) ,Global Positioning System ,Environmental science ,lcsh:T1-995 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the potential use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals for the monitoring of in situ vegetation characteristics. An instrument, based on the use of a pair of low-cost receivers and antennas, providing continuous measurements of all the available Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signals is proposed for the determination of signal attenuation caused by a sunflower cover. Experimental campaigns with this instrument, combined with ground truth measurements of the vegetation, were performed over a nonirrigated sunflower test field for a period of more than two months, corresponding to a significant portion of the vegetation cycle. A method is proposed for the analysis of the signal attenuation data as a function of elevation and azimuth angles. A high correlation is observed between the vegetation’s water content and the GPS signals attenuation, and an empirical modeling is tested for the retrieval of signal behavior as a function of vegetation water content (VWC). The VWC was estimated from GNSS signals on a daily basis, over the full length of the study period.
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- 2017
16. First results from the glorie polarimetric GNSS-R airborne campaign dedicated to land parameters estimation
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Dominique Guyon, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Frédéric Baup, Laurent Lestarquit, Pierre-Louis Frison, Pascal Fanise, Nicolas Baghdadi, Mehrez Zribi, Erwan Motte, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS). USA., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
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Biomass (ecology) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,GNSS-R ,mesure aéroportée ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Polarimetry ,Terrain ,bistatic radar ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bistatic radar ,above ground biomass ,GNSS applications ,Range (aeronautics) ,altimetry ,Environmental science ,Altimeter ,soil moisture ,Water content ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,polarimetry - Abstract
Paper Code: TH3.L9.4Paper Number: 2155; The GLORIE GNSS-R airborne campaign was conducted in the late spring 2015 with the GLORI polarimetric receiver. More than 15 hours or raw data was gathered during 5 flights that spanned over a 3-week period. The aircraft flew over several areas if interest including: 1) agricultural plots with coincident in-situ measurements of soil moisture, vegetation biomass and roughness, 2) in situ monitored forest plots with a wide range of above ground biomass values and 3) inland water bodies in order to test phase altimetry retrievals. Apparent reflectivity was computed from the data, showing a good dynamics above various types of terrains. Phase altimetry was performed over calm water, showing a precision in the range of the centimeter level.
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- 2016
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17. Monitoring Irrigation Consumption Using High Resolution NDVI Image Time Series: Calibration and Validation in the Kairouan Plain (Tunisia)
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Vincent Simonneaux, Gilles Boulet, Hassan Ayari, Sameh Saadi, Zohra Lili-Chabaane, Bruno Raimbault, Bernard Mougenot, Pascal Fanise, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Normalization (statistics) ,Irrigation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Science ,0207 environmental engineering ,evapotranspiration ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,irrigation ,Water balance ,remote sensing ,water balance ,Evapotranspiration ,Calibration ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,2. Zero hunger ,Hydrology ,semi-arid Mediterranean ,SPOT ,15. Life on land ,6. Clean water ,Crop coefficient ,FAO paper 56 ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Scale (map) - Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the main factors limiting agricultural development in semi-arid areas. Remote sensing has long been used as an input for crop water balance monitoring. The increasing availability of high resolution high repetitivity remote sensing (forthcoming Sentinel-2 mission) offers an unprecedented opportunity to improve this monitoring. In this study, regional crop water consumption was estimated with the SAMIR software (SAtellite Monitoring of IRrigation) using the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient water balance model fed with high resolution NDVI image time series providing estimates of both the actual basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. Three time series of SPOT5 images have been acquired over an irrigated area in central Tunisia along with a SPOT4 time series acquired in the frame of the SPOT4-Take5 experiment, which occurred during the first half of 2013. Using invariant objects located in the scene, normalization of the SPOT5 time series was realized based on the SPOT4-Take5 time series. Hence, a NDVI time profile was generated for each pixel. The operationality and accuracy of the SAMIR tool was assessed at both plot scale (calibration based on evapotranspiration ground measurements) and perimeter scale (irrigation volumes) when several land use types, irrigation and agricultural practices are intertwined in a given landscape. Results at plot scale gave after calibration an average Nash efficiency of 0.57 between observed and modeled evapotranspiration for two plots (barley and wheat). When aggregated for the whole season, modeled irrigation volumes at perimeter scale for all campaigns were close to observed ones (resp. 135 and 121 mm, overestimation of 11.5%). However, spatialized evapotranspiration and irrigation volumes need to be improved at finer timescales.
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- 2015
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18. GLORI (GLObal navigation satellite system Reflectometry Instrument)
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Erwan Motte, Pascal Fanise, and Mehrez Zribi
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Remote sensing (archaeology) ,business.industry ,Wave height ,Multistatic radar ,Global Positioning System ,Environmental science ,Satellite system ,Sea state ,business ,Reflectometry ,Remote sensing ,Constellation - Abstract
GLORI (GLObal navigation satellite system Reflectometry Instrument) is a new receiver dedicated to the airborne measurement of surface parameters such as soil moisture and biomass above ground, as well as sea state (wave height and direction) above oceans. The instrument is based on the PARIS concept [1] using both the direct and surface-reflected L-band signals from the GPS constellation as a multistatic radar source. A test campaign has been performed in November 2014, and the preliminary results show a great potential for reflectometry applications.
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- 2015
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19. Remote Sensing of Water Resources in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Areas : the joint international laboratory TREMA
- Author
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Mohamed Kasbani, A. Tavernier, K. Boukhari, N. Amenzou, Alhousseine Diarra, Hassan Ibouh, Y. Hajhouji, A. Mokssit, Lionel Jarlan, A. Chakir, M. El Faïz, M. El Adnani, H. Marah, Bernard Mougenot, Vincent Simonneaux, M. H. Kharrou, Benoît Coudert, A. Abourida, Abdelfattah Benkaddour, A. El Mandour, Brahim Berjamy, Fatima Driouech, F. Raibi, Jonas Chirouze, Lahoucine Hanich, V. Le Dantec, Jamal Ezzahar, Bastien Richard, N. Filali, Amina Saaidi, Mehrez Zribi, Abdelghani Boudhar, Ghizlane Aouade, Olivier Merlin, Guillaume Bigeard, Younes Fakir, Jihad Toumi, Olivier Hagolle, Yves Tramblay, Pascal Fanise, Florence Habets, Gilles Boulet, Ahmed Marchane, A. El Fazziki, Nour-Eddine Laftouhi, Salwa Belaqziz, Camille Szczypta, M. Le Page, R. Escadafal, Laurent Drapeau, Yann Kerr, Marc Leblanc, H. Nassah, J. Abaoui, Simon Gascoin, Said Khabba, A. Naimi, Sylvain Mangiarotti, Salah Er-Raki, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), UCAM, Faculté des Sciences SEMLALIA (FSSM), Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole du Haouz (ORMVAH), Offices Régionaux de Mise en Valeur Agricole (ORMVA), Agence de Bassin Hydrologique du Tensift (ABHT), ABHT, IRD/IMADES, Reyes y Aguascalientes, Laboratoire d'Automatique de l'Environnement et Procédés de Transferts (LAEPT), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Tahar Maamouri, Laboratoire Electronique et Instrumentation (LEI), FSSM-UCAM, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNESTEN, cnesten, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,Mediterranean climate ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,Context (language use) ,15. Life on land ,6. Clean water ,Water resources ,13. Climate action ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Evapotranspiration ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer ,Water cycle ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Water content ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Monitoring of water resources and a better understanding of the eco-hydrological processes governing their dynamics are necessary to anticipate and develop measures to adapt to climate and water-use changes. Focusing on this aim, a research project carried out within the framework of French-Moroccan cooperation demonstrated how remote sensing can help improve the monitoring and modelling of water resources in semi-arid Mediterranean regions. The study area is the Tensift Basin located near Marrakech (Morocco) - a typical Southern Mediterranean catchment with water production in the mountains and downstream consumption mainly driven by agriculture. Following a description of the institutional context and the experimental network, the main recent research results are presented: (1) methodological development for the retrieval of key components of the water cycle in a snow-covered area from remote-sensing imagery (disaggregated soil moisture from soil moisture and ocean salinity) at the kilometre scale, based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); (2) the use of remote-sensing products together with land-surface modelling for the monitoring of evapotranspiration; and (3) phenomenological modelling based only on time series of remote-sensing data with application to forecasting of cereal yields. Finally, the issue of transfer of research results is also addressed through two remote sensing-based tools developed together with the project partners involved in water management and irrigation planning.
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- 2015
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20. The SPARSE model for the prediction of water stress and evapotranspiration components from thermal infra-red data and its evaluation over irrigated and rainfed wheat
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Pascal Fanise, Salah Er-Raki, Vincent Rivalland, Malik Bahir, Gilles Boulet, Jean-Pierre Lagouarde, Benoît Coudert, Olivier Merlin, Albert Olioso, Zohra Lili-Chabaane, Jean-Paul Lhomme, Lionel Jarlan, Bernard Mougenot, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INAT Laboratoire Recherche-Développement Sciences et Technologie de l'Eau (INAT-LRSTE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-INAT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia [Marrakech], Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), TOSCA (CNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculté des Sciences SEMLALIA (FSSM), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0207 environmental engineering ,Evaporation ,Energy balance ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,évapotranspiration ,Soil science ,flux de chaleur ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,Atmosphere ,bilan énergétique ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,blé ,Evapotranspiration ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Water cycle ,020701 environmental engineering ,Water content ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Hydrology ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,lcsh:T ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,lcsh:G ,Potential evaporation ,Environmental science ,évaporation - Abstract
Evapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle, especially in semi-arid lands. A way to quantify the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration and water stress from remote-sensing data is to exploit the available surface temperature as a signature of the surface energy balance. Remotely sensed energy balance models enable one to estimate stress levels and, in turn, the water status of continental surfaces. Dual-source models are particularly useful since they allow derivation of a rough estimate of the water stress of the vegetation instead of that of a soil–vegetation composite. They either assume that the soil and the vegetation interact almost independently with the atmosphere (patch approach corresponding to a parallel resistance scheme) or are tightly coupled (layer approach corresponding to a series resistance scheme). The water status of both sources is solved simultaneously from a single surface temperature observation based on a realistic underlying assumption which states that, in most cases, the vegetation is unstressed, and that if the vegetation is stressed, evaporation is negligible. In the latter case, if the vegetation stress is not properly accounted for, the resulting evaporation will decrease to unrealistic levels (negative fluxes) in order to maintain the same total surface temperature. This work assesses the retrieval performances of total and component evapotranspiration as well as surface and plant water stress levels by (1) proposing a new dual-source model named Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration (SPARSE) in two versions (parallel and series resistance networks) based on the TSEB (Two-Source Energy Balance model, Norman et al., 1995) model rationale as well as state-of-the-art formulations of turbulent and radiative exchange, (2) challenging the limits of the underlying hypothesis for those two versions through a synthetic retrieval test and (3) testing the water stress retrievals (vegetation water stress and moisture-limited soil evaporation) against in situ data over contrasted test sites (irrigated and rainfed wheat). We demonstrated with those two data sets that the SPARSE series model is more robust to component stress retrieval for this cover type, that its performance increases by using bounding relationships based on potential conditions (root mean square error lowered by up to 11 W m−2 from values of the order of 50–80 W m−2), and that soil evaporation retrieval is generally consistent with an independent estimate from observed soil moisture evolution.
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- 2015
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21. Impact of climate and land cover changes on snow cover in a small Pyrenean catchment
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Camille Szczypta, C Vigneau, Jean-François Dejoux, Simon Gascoin, Olivier Hagolle, Pascal Fanise, Thomas Houet, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Labex DRIIHM ,Pyrenees ,Climate change ,Land cover ,Snow field ,OHM Haut-Vicdessos ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,15. Life on land ,Snowpack ,Snow ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Land cover change ,climate change ,Observatoires Hommes-Millieux ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,land caver change ,Environmental science ,Climate model ,Precipitation ,Meltwater ,Snow cover ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
International audience; The seasonal snow in the Pyrenees Mountains is an essential source of runoff for hydropower production and crop irrigation in Spain and France. The Pyrenees are expected to undergo strong environmental perturbations over the 21st century because of climate change (rising temperatures) and the abandonment of agro-pastoral areas (reforestation). Both changes are happening at similar timescales and are expected to have an impact on snow cover. The effect of climate change on snow in the Pyrenees is well understood , but the effect of land cover changes is much less documented. Here, we analyze the response of snow cover to a combination of climate and land cover change scenarios in a small Pyrenean catchment (Bassiès, 14.5 km 2 , elevation range 940–2651 m a.s.l.) using a distributed snowpack evolution model. Climate scenarios were constructed from the output of regional climate model projections, whereas land cover scenarios were generated based on past observed changes and an inductive pattern-based model. The model was validated over a snow season using in situ snow depth measurements and high-resolution snow cover maps derived from SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre – Earth Observation Satellite) satellite images. Model projections indicate that both climate and land cover changes reduce the mean snow depth. However, the impact on the snow cover duration is moderated in reforested areas by the shading effect of trees on the snow surface radiation balance. Most of the significant changes are expected to occur in the transition zone between 1500 m a.s.l. and 2000 m a.s.l. where (i) the projected increase in air temperatures decreases the snow fraction of the precipitation and (ii) the land cover changes are concentrated. However, the consequences on the runoff are limited because most of the meltwater originates from high-elevation areas of the catchment, which are less affected by climate change and reforestation.
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- 2015
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22. Retrieval of both soil moisture and texture using TerraSAR-X images
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Azza Gorrab, Bernard Mougenot, Nicolas Baghdadi, Pascal Fanise, Mehrez Zribi, Zohra Lili Chabaane, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INAT Laboratoire Recherche-Développement Sciences et Technologie de l'Eau (INAT-LRSTE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-INAT, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Soil texture ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,TRAITEMENT D'IMAGE ,Soil science ,02 engineering and technology ,Surface finish ,SOIL TEXTURE ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,RUGOSITE ,law ,Radar imaging ,ROUGHNESS ,Radar ,IMAGE ANALYSIS ,lcsh:Science ,TELEDETECTION ,Water content ,Image resolution ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Moisture ,HUMIDITE DU SOL ,TerraSAR-X ,radar ,soil moisture ,texture ,clay content soil moisture ,soil roughness ,SOIL WATER CONTENT ,BENTONITE ,RADAR ,ARGILE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,TEXTURE DU SOL ,Change detection ,METHODOLOGIE - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology combing multi-temporal X-band SAR images (TerraSAR-X) with continuous ground thetaprobe measurements, for the retrieval of surface soil moisture and texture at a high spatial resolution. Our analysis is based on seven radar images acquired at a 36° incidence angle in the HH polarization, over a semi-arid site in Tunisia (North Africa). The soil moisture estimations are based on an empirical change detection approach using TerraSAR-X data and ground auxiliary thetaprobe network measurements. Two assumptions were tested: (1) roughness variations during the three-month radar acquisition campaigns were not accounted for; (2) a simple correction for temporal variations in roughness was included. The results reveal a small improvement in the estimation of soil moisture when a correction for temporal variations in roughness is introduced. By considering the estimated temporal dynamics of soil moisture, a methodology is proposed for the retrieval of clay and sand content (expressed as percentages) in soil. Two empirical relationships were established between the mean moisture values retrieved from the seven acquired radar images and the two soil texture components over 36 test fields. Validation of the proposed approach was carried out over a second set of 34 fields, showing that highly accurate clay estimations can be achieved. Maps of soil moisture, clay and sand percentages at the studied site are derived.
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- 2015
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23. GLORI: A GNSS-R Dual Polarization Airborne Instrument for Land Surface Monitoring
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Dominique Guyon, José Darrozes, Sylvia Dayau, Amen Al-Yaari, Remy Fieuzal, Alejandro Egido, Erwan Motte, Pascal Fanise, Frédéric Baup, Nicolas Baghdadi, Pierre-Louis Frison, Mehrez Zribi, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,télédétection ,GPS ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Sciences de la Terre ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,remote sensing ,law ,forêt ,Traitement du signal et de l'image ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,soil moisture ,vegetation ,biomass ,airborne ,microwave ,L-Band ,reflectometry ,multistatic radar ,GNSS-R ,Radar ,Instrumentation ,Ground truth ,Signal and Image processing ,campagne de mesures ,Vegetation ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Global Positioning System ,donnée aéroportée ,Meteorology ,Satellite system ,Land cover ,donnée satellite ,Article ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,TELEDETECTION ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,BIOMASSE ,business.industry ,HUMIDITE DU SOL ,soil water content ,15. Life on land ,REFLECTOMETRIE ,GNSS applications ,Earth Sciences ,zone agricole ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,business ,radar - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged as a remote sensing tool, which is complementary to traditional monostatic radars, for the retrieval of geophysical parameters related to surface properties. In the present paper, we describe a new polarimetric GNSS-R system, referred to as the GLObal navigation satellite system Reflectometry Instrument (GLORI), dedicated to the study of land surfaces (soil moisture, vegetation water content, forest biomass) and inland water bodies. This system was installed as a permanent payload on a French ATR42 research aircraft, from which simultaneous measurements can be carried out using other instruments, when required. Following initial laboratory qualifications, two airborne campaigns involving nine flights were performed in 2014 and 2015 in the Southwest of France, over various types of land cover, including agricultural fields and forests. Some of these flights were made concurrently with in situ ground truth campaigns. Various preliminary applications for the characterisation of agricultural and forest areas are presented. Initial analysis of the data shows that the performance of the GLORI instrument is well within specifications, with a cross-polarization isolation better than 15 dB at all elevations above 45, a relative polarimetric calibration accuracy better than 0.5 dB, and an apparent reflectivity sensitivity better than 30 dB, thus demonstrating its strong potential for the retrieval of land surface characteristics.
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- 2016
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24. Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity From CAROLS L-Band Radiometer in the Gulf of Biscay
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Gilles Reverdin, Mickaël Pardé, Danièle Hauser, Pascal Lazure, Nicolas Reul, Jacqueline Boutin, Pascal Fanise, Jérôme Chanut, Adrien Martin, Mehrez Zribi, Joseph Tenerelli, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,retrieval method ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,remote sensing ,Atmospheric radiative transfer codes ,14. Life underwater ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,geography ,Radiometer ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Continental shelf ,sea surface salinity (SSS) ,SSS ,L-band ,Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) ,13. Climate action ,Brightness temperature ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Radiometry ,Satellite ,microwave radiometry ,wind speed - Abstract
International audience; A renewal of interest for the radiometric L-band Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) remote sensing appeared in the 1990s and led to the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite launched in November 2009 and to the Aquarius mission (launched in June 2011). However, due to low signal to noise ratio, retrieving SSS from L-band radiometry is very challenging. In order to validate and improve L-band radiative transfer model and salinity retrieval method used in SMOS data processing, the Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS) was developed. We analyze here a coastal flight (20 May 2009), in the Gulf of Biscay, characterized by strong SSS gradients (28 to 35 pss-78). Extensive in-situ measurements were gathered along the plane track. Brightness temperature $(T_{b})$ integrated over 800 ms correlates well with simulated $T_{b}$ (correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.96; standard deviations of the difference of 0.2 K). Over the whole flight, the standard deviation of the difference between CAROLS and in-situ SSS is about 0.3 pss-78 more accurate than SSS fields derived from coastal numerical model or objective analysis. In the northern part of the flight, CAROLS and in-situ SSS agree. In the southern part, the best agreement is found when using only V-polarization measured at 30$^{\circ}$ incidence angle or when using a multiparameter retrieval assuming large error on $T_{b}$ (suggesting the presence of biases on H-polarization). When compared to high-resolution model SSS, the CAROLS SSS underlines the high SSS temporal variability in river plume and on continental shelf border, and the importance of using realistic river run-offs for modeling coastal SSS.
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- 2012
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25. Soil Moisture Estimations Based on Airborne CAROLS L-Band Microwave Data
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Nathalie Novello, Clément Albergel, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, K. Saleh, Monique Dechambre, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Marc Crapeau, Yann Kerr, Arnaud Mialon, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was carried out in the context of a SMOS/ESA Cal/Val project, and was funded by the TOSCA/CNES program. The authors would like to thank the French CNES for the support it gave to the CAROLS project, as well as to all of the CAROLS campaigns. The authors would also like to thank the technical teams from CESBIO, CNRM, LATMOS, LOCEAN, SAFIRE, DT-INSU, DTU, INRA, and the SAFIRE pilots for their support and contributions to the successful airborne and ground campaigns. The MODIS data we used (LAI and NDVI) was made available by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Centre (LP DAAC), located at the US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Centre (lpdaac.usgs.gov)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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L band ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,télédétection ,satellite ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,radiomètre ,01 natural sciences ,CAROLS ,Soil roughness ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,humidité du sol ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,lcsh:Science ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Radiometer ,MISSION SMOS ,MODELE L-MEB ,Biosphere ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,L-band ,L-MEB ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,Satellite ,Soil moisture ,Microwave - Abstract
International audience; The SMOS satellite mission, launched in 2009, allows global soil moisture estimations to be made using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model, which simulates the L-band microwave emissions produced by the soil-vegetation layer. This model was calibrated using various sources of in situ and airborne data. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the L-MEB model on the basis of a large set of airborne data, recorded by the CAROLS radiometer during the course of 20 flights made over South West France (the SMOSMANIA site), and supported by simultaneous soil moisture measurements, made in 2009 and 2010. In terms of volumetric soil moisture, the retrieval accuracy achieved with the L-MEB model, with two default roughness parameters, ranges between 8% and 13%. Local calibrations of the roughness parameter, using data from the 2009 flights for different areas of the site, allowed an accuracy of approximately 5.3% to be achieved with the 2010 CAROLS data. Simultaneously we estimated the vegetation optical thickness (t) and we showed that, when roughness is locally adjusted, MODIS NDVI values are correlated (R2 = 0.36) to t. Finally, as a consequence of the significant influence of the roughness parameter on the estimated absolute values of soil moisture, we propose to evaluate the relative variability of the soil moisture, using a default soil roughness parameter. The soil moisture variations are estimated with an uncertainty of approximately 6%.
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- 2011
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26. CAROLS: A New Airborne L-Band Radiometer for Ocean Surface and Land Observations
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Jean-Christophe Calvet, Clément Albergel, Joseph Tenerelli, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Pascal Fanise, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Antonio Rius, Mehrez Zribi, Monique Dechambre, Mickaël Pardé, Jacquline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Niels Skou, Yann Kerr, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Danièle Hauser, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Valence, University of Valencia, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC-CSIC), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), TOSCA/CNES, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ørsted-DTU, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat de València (UV)
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analyse de données ,L band ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,télédétection ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Polarimetry ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,RADIOMETER ,CAROLS ,L-BAND ,MISSION SMOS ,OCEAN SALINITY ,SOIL MOISTURE ,MESURE AEROPORTEE ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,ocean salinity ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Radiometer ,business.industry ,Conjunction (astronomy) ,Ocean salinity ,radiometer ,L band radiometer ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,On board ,L-band ,Autre (Sciences de l'ingénieur) ,Global Positioning System ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Soil moisture ,soil moisture ,business ,SMOS - Abstract
The "Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies" (CAROLS) L-Band radiometer was designed and built as a copy of the EMIRAD II radiometer constructed by the Technical University of Denmark team. It is a fully polarimetric and direct sampling correlation radiometer. It is installed on board a dedicated French ATR42 research aircraft, in conjunction with other airborne instruments (C-Band scatterometer--STORM, the GOLD-RTR GPS system, the infrared CIMEL radiometer and a visible wavelength camera). Following initial laboratory qualifications, three airborne campaigns involving 21 flights were carried out over South West France, the Valencia site and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in 2007, 2008 and 2009, in coordination with in situ field campaigns. In order to validate the CAROLS data, various aircraft flight patterns and maneuvers were implemented, including straight horizontal flights, circular flights, wing and nose wags over the ocean. Analysis of the first two campaigns in 2007 and 2008 leads us to improve the CAROLS radiometer regarding isolation between channels and filter bandwidth. After implementation of these improvements, results show that the instrument is conforming to specification and is a useful tool for Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite validation as well as for specific studies on surface soil moisture or ocean salinity.
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- 2011
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27. Analysis of RFI Issue Using the CAROLS L-Band Experiment
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Monique Dechambre, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,L band ,Brightness ,Radiometer ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Electromagnetic interference ,Standard deviation ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,Brightness temperature ,Kurtosis ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Radiometry ,Environmental science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
International audience; In this paper, different methods are proposed for the detection and mitigation of the undesirable effects of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry. The first of these makes use of kurtosis to detect the presence of non-Gaussian signals, whereas the second imposes a threshold on the standard deviation of brightness temperatures in order to distinguish natural-emission variations from RFI. Finally, the third approach is based on the use of a threshold applied to the third and fourth Stokes parameters. All these methods have been applied and tested, with the cooperative airborne radiometer for ocean and land studies radiometer operating in the L-band, on the data acquired during airborne campaigns made in the spring of 2009 over the southwest of France. The performance of each approach, or of two combined approaches, is analyzed with our database. We thus show that the kurtosis method is well suited to detect pulsed RFI, whereas the method based on the second moment of brightness temperatures seems to be better suited to detect continuous-wave RFI in airborne brightness-temperature measurements.
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- 2011
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28. Carols Campaign, Scientific Data Analysis Results
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Jacqueline Boutin, Danièle Hauser, Joseph Tenerelli, Nicolas Reul, P. Leroy, Mickaël Pardé, Pascal Fanise, M. Leduc-Leballeur, and Mehrez Zribi
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Sea surface temperature ,Radiometer ,Meteorology ,Data quality ,Environmental science ,Radiometry ,Radiometric data ,Storm ,Scatterometer ,Microwave radiometry ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The CAROLS L-band radiometer, which is built and designed as a copy of DTU EMIRAD II instrument will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-band scatterometer STORM) in coordination with in situ field campaigns for future SMOS CAL/VAL activities. A validation campaign with four flights was made over the South West of France and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in September 2007. Different instrumented sites over ocean and land surfaces were covered. Moreover, in order to qualify the radiometric data, different types of aircraft maneuvers were performed over the ocean: circle flights, wing and nose wags. We present in this paper the first analysis of the data quality using these ocean measurements. We show a very good sensitivity of both channels.
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- 2008
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29. Characterization of Evapotranspiration over Irrigated Crops in a Semi-arid Area (Marrakech, Morocco) Using an Energy Budget Model
- Author
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Said Khabba, Lionel Jarlan, A. Tavernier, Jamal Ezzahar, Jonas Chirouze, Salah Er-Raki, Pascal Fanise, G. Chehbouni, Alhousseine Diarra, Guillaume Bigeard, A. Moutamanni, M. H. Kharrou, and M. Le Page
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Semi-arid ,Evapotranpiration ,Arid area ,Seasonal course ,Irrigation scheduling ,Remote sensing ,Energy budget ,Irrigated crops ,Crop ,Evapotranspiration ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,TSEB ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of the two source energy budget (TSEB) to predict daily evapotranspiration over irrigated crops in a semi-arid area. The TSEB model presents particularly interesting skills for seasonal course of daily evapotranspiration regarding the limited number of inputs required with an RMSE of 0.75 mm/day (33% on average) with regards to eddy-covariance measurements at least before crop senescence. By contrast, if focusing on a drying/wetting period surrounding a rain event, a lack of model reaction to stress is highlighted that could be a major drawback for irrigation scheduling.
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30. Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS)
- Author
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Mehrez Zribi, Gilles Reverdin, Alain Weill, Mickaël Pardé, Danièle Hauser, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Jean-Christophe Calvet, N. Reul, Estel Cardellach, P. Leroy, Niels Skou, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Monique Dechambre, A. Ruis, Pascal Fanise, Jacqueline Boutin, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Danish National Space Center, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
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L band ,business.product_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,GPS ,MISSION SMOS ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,CAROLS ,law.invention ,Airplane ,law ,Radar ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Radiometer ,business.industry ,Storm ,Scatterometer ,radiometer ,Geography ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Global Positioning System ,Environmental science ,Radiometry ,business ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,radar ,SMOS - Abstract
International audience; The CAROLS, L band radiometer, is built and designed as a copy of EMIRAD II radiometer of DTU team. It is a Correlation radiometer with direct sampling and fully polarimetric (i.e 4 Stockes). It will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-Band scatterometer (STORM) and IEEC GPS system, Infrared CIMEL radiometer, one visible camera), in coordination with in situ field campaigns for SMOS CAL/VAL. The instruments are implemented on board the French research airplane ATR42. A validation campaign with four flights was made over south west of France, Hourtin Lake and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in September 2007. In order to qualify the radiometer data, different types of aircraft movements were realized: circle flights, wing and nose wags. Simultaneously to flights, different ground measurements were made over continental surfaces and ocean. First results show a good quality of data over ocean surfaces. For continental surfaces, important Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) were observed over a large part of the studied region.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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