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Levels of radon were surveyed in the air at underground workplaces of eight major Slovenian wineries. Geometric mean and geometric standard deviation values, respectively, obtained with different devices were 81 Bq m(-3) and 2.3 with alpha scintillation cells, 114 Bq m(-3) and 2.0 by exposing etched track detectors for 1-5 months, and 183 Bq m(-3) and 2.6 from 1-4-weeks continuous measurements. The equilibrium factor was 0.25-0.67, and the unattached fraction of radon short-lived decay products was in the range 0.09-0.20. Effective doses were calculated and compared based on radon data obtained with different techniques.

The fraction of unattached (fun) nanosized 222Rn short-lived decay products in indoor air has been measured in different environments and the following ranges obtained: 0.03-0.25 in kindergartens, 0.03-0.18 in schools, 0.08-0.20 in wineries, and 0.12-0.68 in a karst cave. The dependence of fun on the environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity and pressure), as well as on the working regime has been studied and will be discussed. Applying the dosimetric approach, dose conversion factors were calculated, based on the measured fun values, and compared to the values, obtained from epidemiological studies and currently recommended to be used in radon dosimetry.

Indoor air radon concentration was measured by exposing etched track detectors in the sleeping and living rooms of 18 houses in 6 villages of the Sharri community in Kosovo. Values ranged from 24 to 209 Bq m(-3), with only one exceeding 200 Bq m(-3), with a geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of 95.4 Bq m(-3) and 1.6, respectively. On the basis of the assumption that the spring radon concentrations obtained in this survey represent the yearly average, annual effective doses of residents were calculated; they range from 0.89 to 4.7 mSv y(-1), with the geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of 1.5 mSv y(-1) and 2.2, respectively. No mitigation measures are planned to be undertaken.

Indoor air radon ((222)Rn) concentrations were measured in spring and winter in 30 rooms of 9 elementary schools and 19 rooms of 6 high schools in Prizren, Kosovo, using alpha scintillation cells. Only in three rooms of elementary schools and four rooms of high schools did winter concentrations exceed 400 Bq m(-3).

The measurement campaigns have been done in the rural community of Niska Banja, a spa town located in southern Serbia, to evaluate population exposure to natural radioactivity. After a screening survey in 200 houses, annual radon and thoron concentrations were measured in 34 houses, and in 2004 a detailed investigation was carried out at six houses with elevated indoor radon concentrations. The paper presents the results of these detailed measurements. The complementary techniques were applied to determine radon and thoron concentrations in indoor air, in soil gas, radon exhalation from soil, soil permeability, and indoor and outdoor gamma doses. Soil and water samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Indoor radon and thoron concentrations were found to be more than 1kBqm(-3) and 200Bqm(-3), respectively. Extremely high concentrations of soil-gas radon (>2000kBqm(-3)) and radon exhalation rates (1.5mBqm(-2)s(-1)) were observed. These results will be utilised to set up the methodology for a more systematic investigation.