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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between do-it-yourself activities entailing the exposure to carcinogenic substances and the risk of lung cancer., Methods: We pooled individual data from different case-control studies conducted in Northwestern Spain which investigated residential radon and lung cancer. Cases had an anatomopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer and controls were selected at the pre-surgery unit with uncomplicated surgeries. Both cases and controls were older than 30 years with no previous cancer history. All participants were interviewed face-to-face using a specific questionnaire. Painting, model building, furniture refinishing and woodworking or home carpentry were the do-it-yourself activities considered risky due to exposure to carcinogenic agents., Results: We included 1528 cases and 1457 controls. Practicing do-it-yourself risk activities was more frequent among cases: 16.0% were exposed to carcinogenic exposures during leisure time, compared to 11.8% for controls. The overall adjusted OR for lung cancer risk among individuals who practiced do-it-yourself risk activities, was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.36-2.31); this was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.51-3.11) when the analysis was restricted to individuals who performed these activities for at least 10 years. These risks were greater when the analyses were carried out exclusively among never-smokers, with the respective ORs being 2.04 (95% CI: 1.38-3.01) and 3.10 (95% CI: 1.78-5.40)., Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that do-it-yourself activities involving exposure to certain carcinogens are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, both in ever and never-smokers., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To analyze the relationship of GSTT1, GSTM1, XRCC1 (rs25487), ERCC1 (rs11615, rs3212986), ERCC2 (rs13181), XRCC3 (rs861539), OGG1 (rs1052133), and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin mutations (AAT) with the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers, and ascertain if there is an effect modification between these polymorphisms and residential radon exposure., Material and Methods: We designed a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in a radon-prone area. 322 cases and 338 controls, all never-smokers, were included. They were selected using a frequency sampling based on sex and age distribution of the cases. Participants donated 3 ml. of whole blood used to determine genotype for polymorphisms. They placed a radon detector to measure residential radon exposure in their dwelling., Results: The OR for deleted GSTM1 patients was 3.46 (95% CI = 1.52-7.89) at residential radon exposures above 200 Bq/m 3 . The ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism was the most associated with the risk of developing lung cancer, both for low and high radon exposures. The ERCC1 rs321986 GT and TT genotypes (at radon concentrations >200 Bq/m 3 ) were more significantly associated with higher lung cancer risk (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.29-4.45; OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 1.26-15.7, respectively)., Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that certain polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA-repair and carriers of GSTM1 deletion have an increased risk of lung cancer in never-smokers exposed to residential radon., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Our aim was to describe the characteristics of a case-series of never-smoker small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases.Cases of SCLC were selected from a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based case-control study performed in Spain. Participants were never-smokers older than 30 years with an anatomo-pathological confirmation of primary lung cancer. We collected clinical and epidemiological variables according to the study's protocol.We included 19 SCLC cases, 18 females (94.7%), median age 75 years (interquartile range (IQR) 70-80 years). Median residential radon concentration was 195 Bq·m(-3) (IQR 130-229 Bq·m(-3)). 10 patients had limited disease and nine had extended disease. Median survival was 242 days (IQR 94-496 days); 1- and 2-year survival were 36.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Survival was much higher for individuals with limited disease than for those with extended disease (median 336 versus 235 days; 1-year survival 50% versus 22.2% and 2-year survival 27% versus 0%, respectively). Performance status at diagnosis was closely related to survival.SCLC is an infrequent, highly aggressive disease in never-smokers. Survival is poor, even for limited disease. Age at diagnosis in SCLC is higher than that observed for never-smokers with adenocarcinoma. Residential radon exposure is higher than the action levels recommended by the World Health Organization., (Copyright ©ERS 2016.)

Introduction and Objective: Residential radon is the second most important risk factor for lung cancer and the first among never-smokers. The objective of this study is to report the concentrations of residential radon in a series of never-smoker cases recruited in a multicenter study of cases and controls in northwestern Spain. In this study, all the hospitals in the Spanish province of Galicia and one from Asturias participated., Patients and Methods: The present article includes a series of cases with residential radon measurements. All the subjects were personally interviewed, 3 ml of blood were taken from each, and they were each given instructions about how to place a residential radon detector in their homes., Results: Sixty-nine case subjects were recruited, 84% of whom were women with a mean age of 71, and 81% of whom had adenocarcinoma. The average concentration of residential radon in the cases was 237 Bq/m(3), while the average concentration in the Galician population is 79 Bq/m(3). No relationship was observed between the concentration of residential radon and either sex or age at the time of diagnosis of the cases, but there was a tendency towards having a greater concentration in those diagnosed with small-cell and large-cell carcinoma., Conclusions: The concentrations of residential radon in the cases included are very high at about three times the average concentration of residential radon to which the general population of Galicia is exposed., (Copyright © 2012 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)