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New businesses (n=539) were surveyed in 1986-87 and 1992-93. People responsible for start-up retained responsibility for marketing and related functions. Production, service delivery, purchasing, shipping, and computer functions were most often delegated, usually to internal employees. Organization size did not influence functional differentiation. (SK)

David Storey was a pioneer in the field of entrepreneurship, known for his contributions to the study of small businesses and entrepreneurship. His work focused on policies to stimulate entrepreneurship, emphasizing rigorous research and experimental methods. Storey highlighted the role of small businesses in job creation and the importance of regional factors in policy development. He advocated for better data and analytical methods to improve research quality. Storey's research challenged conventional wisdom, questioning assumptions about new firm start-ups and the role of skill in entrepreneurial success. He also explored the randomness and unpredictability of entrepreneurial outcomes. Storey's work made significant contributions to understanding firm growth, regional entrepreneurship, and the effects of entrepreneurship on regional development. He approached entrepreneurship research with skepticism, modesty, and a contrarian perspective. [Extracted from the article]

Given that replication studies are important for theory building, theory testing, knowledge accumulation, and domain legitimacy, we attempted to replicate 19 seminal studies of new venture emergence that used PSED-type data; only six attempts were successful. Our humbling experience highlights how changes at the author, journal, and institutional levels—indeed, a communal effort—can encourage, facilitate, and expedite replication studies. We provide entrepreneurship scholars with ten best practices for conducting replication studies, as well as recommendations to other stakeholders to steer away from the replication "crisis" plaguing other research domains. As they say, it takes a village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a number of ways to determine the birth date of a new firm. These include the date of a start-up venture's initial transactions, initial registry listing, initial labor input, and initial profits. Utilizing the responses from the second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) cohort, it appears that different criteria for a firm's birth date are associated with substantial differences in the proportion of start-ups that became new firms, the time required to become a new firm, survival following a new firm birth, and the provision of new jobs. This variation may help explain some inconsistent research findings related to firm births. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the protocol of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) as well as its cohorts based on the representation of business development activity.

The article reports on the harmonization and aggregation of Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) cohorts.

The article discusses the role of national characteristics on the success of business enterprises creation. Overview of the elements that comprised in national attributes or institutional characteristics and how they influence decisions regarding business development is provided. Discussion of the benefits of encouraging individuals to develop innovative ways to contribute to the economy through business creation is provided.

The article discusses the concept of the temporal stability as one of the strategies for assessing temporal consistency of business enterprises creation in countries. It provides two tables that illustrate the temporal stability of the countries surveyed. It also mentions the variation in prevalence rate within the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) countries

The article discusses the short term implications of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) assessment that determines the factors that contribute the success of business creation. Emphasis on the result of the assessment, which indicates the wide range of national institutions and other features that will likely to change in the short term, is provided. Suggestion on the importance for countries to understand the values and the increases in the amount of business creation is offered.

The article discusses the relationship between national values and the wide range of other features and institutions for the success of business creation. Discussion of how national values served as a summary of the orientations of individual citizens toward their countries and personal conduct in the economy is provided. Emphasis on the factors that determine the level of economic inequality, which reflects the wide distribution of the total annual income in an inclusive economy, is offered.

The article discusses the national factors that account for the high level of stability in participation of business creation. Analysis on the association of such factors in the development of businesses, as well as the traditional and self-expression values that are needed to establish good opportunities, is provided. Overview of the result of the assessment of the temporal stability in the World Values Survey project conducted in four countries Argentina, Japan, and Mexico is offered.

The article analyses the factors that affect the readiness of entrepreneurs to set up new business enterprises. Discussions of the intervening processes that affect the development of businesses including opportunities, confidence in the skill to implement the firm, and others involved in business creation, is provided. Emphasis on the importance of readiness for entrepreneurship as the most important factor in predicting individual participation of a new firm is offered.

The article discusses the relationship between national factors and the level of stability of the prevalence of business development. Discussion of the association between national characteristics and the level of business creation, and the intervening processes that relies on attention to measures of individual activity, is provided. Emphasis on the important role of both individual and contextual factors on the outcome of business creation is offered.

The article discusses the national factors that provide independent contributions to predicting the level of creation of new business enterprises. Overview of the models developed to predict the prevalence of nascent entrepreneurs is offered. Discussion of the national characteristics associated with the presence of new firm owners and the four factors that are present in both the equal weight and population weight models associated with new business is provided.

The article discusses the impact of business enterprises creation on subsequent economic growth. Discussion of the relationship between business enterprises and economic development based on the assessment by the by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project is provided. Overview of how business creation mediates factors between emerging technologies, new productive processes and the creation of new markets is emphasized.

The article discusses the national variations in the development of new business enterprises. The findings of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) program which offers information on the individual participation in business creation is provided. Information on the diversity of business creation in 93 countries and the important factors needed for the successful development is offered.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue including the role national characteristics on decisions to participate in firm creation, the factors that affect individual readiness for entrepreneurship, and the attributes in firm creation.

The article discusses the relationship between economic development and business creation. Overview of the result of the assessment by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project which observes 36 European countries to explore their association is provided. Information on the significant relations between economic development and the creation of business enterprises is emphasized.

Chapter 8 of the book "New Firm Creation: A Global Assessment of National, Contextual, and Individual Factors," by Paul D. Reynolds is presented. It provides an overview of the assessment which focuses on identifying factors associated with variations in business creation. It suggests that measures reflecting individual attributes or readiness for entrepreneurship and the immediate individual context have the highest associations with measures of business creation.

Chapter 7 of the book "New Firm Creation: A Global Assessment of National, Contextual, and Individual Factors," by Paul D. Reynolds is presented. It discusses the national attributes of the respondent and the features of their immediate social context. It presents an analysis which aims to develop information about the factors associated with individual decisions to participate in business creation.

Chapter 6 of the book "New Firm Creation: A Global Assessment of National, Contextual, and Individual Factors," by Paul D. Reynolds is presented. It outlines strategies for classifying countries such as considering the level of economic development. It shows that the three European region share many features such as fewer small businesses and a lack of personal readiness for entrepreneurship. It reveals that the high income Asian countries showed low levels of business creation.