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In the current research wear behaviour of nano B4C particles with Al2214 alloy composites were studied. Al2214 alloy with 2 to 6 varying weight percentages of nano B4C particles composites were developed using stir cast route. Further, these developed composites were evaluated for the microstructural studies using SEM and EDS. The wear behaviour of Al2214 alloy and Al2214 with 2, 4 and 6 wt% of nano B4C composites were analysed using pin-on-disc wear apparatus. The dry wear tests were conducted at various loads and sliding speeds with 2500 m sliding distance as a constant parameter. The microstructural explanations revealed the thorough circulation of nano particles in the Al2214 alloy matrix, further the boron carbide particles were confirmed in the composites in the form of boron and carbon components. The Al2214 alloy with nano B4C composites displayed the greater wear resistance properties. The applied load and speed were impacted the wear of as cast alloy and its composites. Various wear mechanisms were identified by using SEM images of wear surfaces.

In the current exploration an impact of 44 µm estimated B4C support expansion on the mechanical conduct of Al2618 combination has been contemplated. The Al2618 compound metal composites with 2, 4, 6 and 8 changing weight rates of B4C were created by stircast strategy. The orchestrated 44 µm estimated B4C particles built up Al2618 combination composites were exposed to microstructural considers, mechanical properties testing. Microstructural portrayals of acquired examples were completed by SEM microscopy and EDS spectrums. The B4C particles were uniformly disseminated and existences of these particles were affirmed by the EDS patterns. The hardness and tensile qualities of metal composites have been upgraded with the expansion of B4C support. There was decline in the ductility of the Al2618 compound after the joining of the support. Different crack and failure systems were seen in the Al2618-B4C composites utilizing SEM.

Copper matrix composites (CMC) with reinforcement of Graphite (Gr) and Nano Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) is found more prominent composite material for various application such as automotive, aerospace, marine industry due to its elemental mechanical properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties of 90% Cu-10% Sn alloy were compared with different composition of nano ZrO2 and Graphite particulates. The mechanical properties like hardness, tensile and microstructural analysis was carried with SEM and EDS to observe homogeneous distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix composites. After test, it was found that, Cu-Sn alloy with Gr and ZrO2 composite mixture of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength was higher and hardness of the copper alloy matrix can be improved by addition of nano ZrO2 particulates.

In this study Al2030 alloy with 12 wt% of B4C particles reinforced composites were produced using stir cast method. Al2030 alloy with 12 wt% of B4C composites were studied for microstructural characteristics using SEM/EDS and XRD analysis. The prepared Al2030 alloy with 12 wt% of B4C composites were exhibited uniform distribution of parts in Al2030 alloy matrix as revealed by SEM micrographs. EDS and XRD patterns indicated presence of reinforcement in the form of B and C elements by EDS spectrum and B4C phase by XRD patterns in the Al2030 alloy matrix. Further, wear behaviour of Al2030 alloy and composites were analysed using pin on disc machine by varying load and speed. The composites with B4C particles were shown superior wear resistance properties as compared to base Al2030 material. Various wear mechanisms were studied with wear worn surface analysis obtained after wear tests.

In the present study the A356 alloy composites containing 3 wt% of B4C (40 & 90 µm) particulates were made for the examination. The microstructure of the composite was dissected by checking electron microscopy; micrographs were taken to perceive the proximity of B4C particulates in the matrix. Further, mechanical conduct of as cast A356 combination composite 3 wt% of B4C composites (40 & 90 µm) was inspected. Mechanical properties like hardness, UTS, yield quality were evaluated by ASTM scales. Microstructural investigation exposed the uniform scattering of particles in the A356 composite. From the examination, it was found that hardness, UTS and YS of composite was extended because of essence of B4C particles in the composite.

The current work intended to synthesize Al-Mg-Si (Al6061)-B4C particulate metal matrix composites by varying weight percentage of B4C particulates (0, 3 and 6 wt.%) with an average particle size of 80 to 90 microns by vortex process (melt technique). The incorporated B4C particles distribution in the Al6061 alloy matrix was studied by SEM micrographs and confirmed the thorough distribution of carbide particles in the matrix. EDS spectrums and XRD patterns were obtained for Al6061 and its composites to identify various elements and phases present in the Al6061-B4C composites. Al6061 alloy with 3 and 6 wt.% of B4C composites was subjected to hardness, tensile, impact and fatigue behavior evaluation. By adding boron carbide particles hardness, tensile and impact strength of Al6061 alloy was improved with slight decrease in fatigue strength. Further, various fracture morphologies were studied on tensile, impact and fatigue fractured surfaces using SEM micrographs.

The current research work primarily focuses on synthesizing and exploring Al2014 alloy microstructure and wear behavior reinforced with 20 μm Al2O3 (alumina) particles. A novel two-stage stir casting (melt stirring) technique is adopted to produce the composites, and the weight percentage of reinforcement is maintained at 9, 12, and 15 to know the effect of varying weight percentage on microstructure and wear behavior. To achieve better dispersion, alumina particles have been introduced in two stages. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscope/energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDX) are used to characterize the prepared composites. In the Al2014 matrix, microstructural characterization showed a fairly uniform dispersion of Al2O3p. The presence of alumina is confirmed by the XRD pattern carried out on the produced composite (Al2014-15 wt.% Al2O3p). Wear properties of as-cast Al2014 alloy and composites (Al2014-Al2O3p) at 9, 12, and 15 wt.% have been studied. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted over a load range of 9.81 N-49.05 N and sliding speed of 100–600 RPM using pin-on-disk machine. Results revealed the frictional coefficient of as-cast Al2014 alloy and produced composites increase with an increase in load up to 49.05 N. Nevertheless, the frictional coefficient of both as-cast Al2014 alloy and produced composite increase continuously by increasing the speed. The wear rate of both Al2014 matrix alloy and Al2014-Al2O3 reinforced composite increase with the increase in load and sliding speed. To know the possible wear mechanisms, worn surface and wear debris have been studied by using electron microscopy and EDS examination to specify the formation of the oxides.

Objective: To synthesize and assess the mechanical behaviour of 12 wt. % of 80 to 90 micron sized B4C reinforced Al2030 alloy metal composites. Method: Al2030 alloy with 12 wt. % of B4C reinforced composites were developed by liquid melt stir cast method. These prepared composites were subjected to microstructural characterization by SEM, EDS and XRD. Mechanical properties like hardness, tensile and flexural strength were evaluated according to ASTM standards. Findings: Scanning electron micrograph of Al2030 alloy with 12 wt. % of B4C composites revealed the thorough distribution of boron carbide particles in the Al2030 matrix. EDS and X-ray diffractometer patterns confirmed the presence of boron carbide particles in the Al2030 alloy matrix. The addition of 12 wt. % of B4C particles enhanced the hardness by 74.8%, ultimate strength by 59.2%, yield strength by 64.8% and flexural strength by 44.2% with slight decrease in ductility. Novelty: Al2030 alloy is an aerospace grade aluminium alloy widely used for industrial applications. Advanced metal composites developed with the incorporation of 80 to 90 micron sized B4C particles in Al2030 alloy helps in weight reduction of aerospace components. Keywords: Al2030 Alloy; B 4 C Particles; Microstructure; Tensile Strength; Flexural Strength; Fractography

Objective: Aluminium and its alloys components are used in aero and space industries where in many cases trioboloading prevails. In space application, in addition to triboloading, the components should also perform in the absence of atmosphere. In the present investigation, attempted has been made to simulate the field conditions in the laboratory by sliding Al6061 alloy pin of different diameters in a vacuum at different temperatures using a vertically configured pin-on-disc test rig. Method: The pin diameters were 2, 4, and 6mm and the testing temperatures were 373, 473, and 573K. The normal contact pressure was 0.625MPa and the sliding speed was 0.5ms-1 and both were constant throughout the experiment. The coefficient of friction was monitored using a PC and the worn pin surface was studied in scanning-electronmicroscope. Findings: The result showed that the coefficient of friction at sliding temperatures 373 and 473K was found to be dependent on apparent contact area i.e., pin diameters 2, 4, and 6mm. The coefficient of friction was found to be 3.27 and 2.69 for pin diameter 2mm at temperature 373 and 473K whereas the coefficient of friction was of the range 1.36 to 0.33 for the pin of diameter 4 and 6mm. The scanning-electron-microscopic study revealed uniform plastic deformation for pin diameter of 2mm and non-uniform plastic deformation accompanied with abrasion extrusion phenomenon for the pin of diameters 4 and 6mm. The coefficient of friction at sliding temperature 573K was found to be insensitive to the apparent contact area. The coefficient of friction was in the range of 1.24 to 2.30. The SEM study revealed a large scale of non-uniform plastic deformation accompanied by abrasion, tearing of ridges, extrusion of both ridges, and entrapped wear debris. Novelty: It is a generic study for understanding the response of aluminium for tribo loading which. Keywords: Pin on Disc (POD); Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); High Temperature; Vacuum; Coefficient of Friction; Al6061 Aluminium Alloy 1

In the current investigation, efforts are being made to produce an Al2014-Al2O3p composite with variable particle size of 88 mm by liquid stir casting route. 9, 12 and 15 weight proportions of Al2O3p were added to the Al2014 base alloy. By using SEM and EDS testing, microstructural studies have been conducted. Al2014-9, 12 and 15 weight proportion of Al2O3p composites mechanical behavior is determined in line with ASTM standards. Electron microscopic images showed that alumina (Al2O3p) particles are dispersed uniformly within the Al2014 composite matrix. EDS study confirmed the proximity of Al and O elements to composites reinforced by Al2O3p. It is also found that Al2014-Al2O3p composite hardness, UTS, and yield strength are improved by the addition of 9, 12 and 15 weight proportion of Al2O3p. Due to the addition of alumina particles in the Al2014 matrix alloy, the ductility of the produced composites decreases. Tensile fractography is performed using SEM to consider the mechanisms for failure.

Objective: To develop and evaluate the mechanical behavior of 3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. % of B4C reinforced Al6061 alloy composites. Method: These composites were produced by utilizing stir cast process. The prepared metal composites were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD analysis to know the distribution of particles as well as presence of particles in the Al6061 alloy. Various mechanical properties were evaluated as per ASTM standards to know the impact of boron carbide particles on the properties of metal composites. Findings: By adding B4C particles the hardness, ultimate tensile, yield strength and compression strength of the Al6061 alloy matrix was enhanced 23.9%, 15.4 14.9% and 34.7% respectively. Further, there was slight decrease in the percentage elongation of B4C reinforced composites. Novelty: In the present research Al6061 alloy with 3 to 12 wt. % of B4C composites were synthesized by novel stir casting method called as two stage reinforcement addition process. In this process 80 micron sized boron carbide particles added in two stages into the molten Al6061 alloy to improve the wettability between the matrix and reinforcement particles. Keywords Al6061 Alloy, B 4 C Particles, Hardness, Tensile Strength, Microstructure

The present study is aimed at fabricating and determining the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of Al6061 alloy reinforced with Titanium Diboride and Graphite particles. The differe...

Objective: To synthesize and evaluation of wear behavior of mica. The effect of mica, fly ash and red mud particles reinforced Al7075 alloy composites. Method: The hybrid composites were prepared with constant 1 wt. % of red mud particles and varying weight percentages of mica (2, 4 and 6 wt. %) and fly ash (1, 3 and 5 wt. %) particles in Al7075 alloy by stir casting method. Findings: The synthesized multiple particles reinforced Al7075 alloy hybrid composites were subjected to microstructural studies and wear properties testing. Microstructural characterizations of obtained samples were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and XRD patterns. The mica, fly ash and red mud particles were evenly distributed and presences of these particles were confirmed by the XRD patterns. Novelty /Improvement: Al7075 alloy with red mud, fly ash and mica particles reinforced hybrid composites were exhibited the superior wear resistance. Various wear mechanisms were observed in the Al7075 alloy with mica, fly ash and red mud composites using SEM. Keywords: Al7075 Alloy; Mica; Fly Ash; Red Mud; Wear; Worn Morphology

In the present research, an effect of nanographite and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) dual reinforcement addition on the mechanical and wear behaviour of Al7075 alloy has been studied. The Al7075 alloy with constant 3 wt.% of graphite particles and varying (3 and 6) weight percentages of ZrO2 particle-reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated by stir casting method. The synthesized dual particle-reinforced Al7075 alloy hybrid composites were subjected to microstructural studies, mechanical and wear properties testing. Microstructural characterizations of obtained samples were carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The graphite and ZrO2 particles were evenly distributed in the Al7075 alloy matrix. The hardness, impact and tensile strength of hybrid composites have been increased with the addition of dual reinforcements. There was slight decrease in the ductility of the Al7075 alloy after the incorporation of these reinforcements. The wear behaviour of the prepared samples was tested at varying loads and speeds. The hybrid composites exhibited a superior wear resistance as compared to base matrix alloy Al7075. Various fracture and wear mechanisms were observed in the Al7075 alloy with graphite and ZrO2 particle-reinforced composites using SEM.

The attention of Graphene nano platelets (GNPs) and Beryl as reinforcement for a aluminum has been increasing extensively. Efforts have been mainly focused on exploring their influence to the improvement of the mechanical performance of the composites. The uniform dispersion of GNPs and Beryl in the Al7075 matrix has been recognized as being perilous to the search of improved properties. The most economical processing technique stir casting route as a mechanical dispersion method has been used for the development of hybrid composites and proved its potential. In this work, we use liquid metallurgy route to disperse 2 wt% of GNPs and 6 wt% of Beryl in an Al7075 matrix. The effect of GNPs and Beryl content on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite was investigated. Enhancement up to 66.38% in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 65.55% in modulus of elasticity and 49.41% in hardness of Al7075-2 wt% GNPs-6 wt% Beryl compared to Al7075 alloy matrix were observed. The microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscope reveals uniform spreading of the GNPs and Beryl particulates throughout the Al7075. The XRD analysis study reveals the elements presence in the developed hybrid metal matrix composites.

The current work intended to synthesize Al6061 alloy with 5 wt% of micro Al2O3 particulate metal matrix composites using liquid metallurgy technique. Scanning electron microscopic images of the synthesized composites were obtained to demonstrate the uniform dispersion of the reinforced micro Al2O3 particles in the matrix. EDS spectrums confirmed the various elements present in the Al6061- Al2O3 composites, XRD patterns reveal the Al and Al2O3 phases in the composites. Hardness, tensile and impact tests were carried out to find out the impact of micro Al2O3 on the various mechanical properties of the composites. Synthesized composites hardness, tensile and impact strength were found to be more with the incorporation of Al2O3 particles. Further, tensile and impact failure analysis was studied using fractured surfaces SEM micrographs.

Investigation is made on the effect of nano sized B4C particulates on Zn85-Tin 15alloy. Nano B4C particulates are used as reinforcement in the Zn-Tin matrix. Composites are fabricated by using two-step route method instep of B4C 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%, and 8% by weight. Casted samples were tested for Microstructural SEM, EDS, XRD analysis and mechanical tests as Tensile, Hardness, and Compression Strength are evaluated as per the standards. SEM micrograph reveals the uniform distribution of B4C particulates in the Zn-Tin matrix and is confirmed by EDS analysis. Further, XRD analysis confirmed the B4C phases on Zn-Tin matrix. Hardiness, Tensile, Compression strength of the base matrix alloy is enhanced with the addition of B4C reinforcement.

The microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al2219 metal alloy with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% of B4C composites were studied. The composites comprising 2 to 10 wt% of B4C in Al2219 alloy were amalgamated by liquid metallurgy process. The prepared composites were subjected to the microstructural studies using SEM. Further, the mechanical behavior of Al2219 with B4C composites were tested as per ASTM methods. The SEM characterization identified thorough dispersal of particles in the base alloy. Further, mechanical behavior of Al2219 alloy has been improved with the addition of B4C particles. The enhanced hardness and tensile strengths were obtained in the composites. The ductility and density of the Al2219 alloy was reduced after the inclusion of boron carbide particles.

In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the mechanical behavior and tensile fractography of 40- and 90-micron-sized boron carbide (B4C) particulate-reinforced light metal (LM) 29 alloy composites. LM29 alloy with 3, 6 and 9 wt. % of 40- and 90-micron-sized B4C composites was synthesized by liquid stir method. Microstructural analyses were obtained by using scanning electron micrographs and energy-dispersive spectrographs. Mechanical properties like hardness, ultimate, yield strength and ductility were evaluated as per American Society for Testing and Materials standards. Scanning electron microscope micrographs show the even dispersal of B4C particulates in the LM29 alloy, and this is confirmed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Further, hardness, ultimate and yield strength of matrix LM29 alloy were enriched with the addition of B4C reinforcement and were more in the case of 40-micron-sized reinforced composites. There was small decrease in ductility of composites in both cases.

Current work aims at producing Al–4B grain refiners indigenously having different microstructures under different processing conditions by the effect between liquid Al and KBF4 halide salt. Production temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000 °C and times of 45, 60 and 75 min were selected for processing of Al–4B refiners. These prepared refiners were subjected to microstructural studies by XRD and SEM/EDX. Characterization studies suggest that temperature of 800 °C has revealed the hexagonal morphologies of aluminium boride intermetallic particles with wide size ranges and more uniform distribution which are confirmed by the EDX analysis. However, other reaction temperatures (900 °C and 1000 °C) have resulted in formation of elongated and agglomerated morphologies of aluminium boride intermetallic particles. Aluminium borides present in various Al–4B refiners enhance in size with enhancement in processing time (from 45 to 75 min) and processing temperature (from 800 to 1000 °C). Among all the reaction temperatures and times studied, high volumes of the aluminium borides (smaller than 10 μm) were observed at 800 °C-60 min Further, by adding fixed amount of 0.01%B prepared master alloys were tested for refining performance on Al–7Si alloy. Results of grain refinement suggest that addition of 0.01% of B using Al–4B refiners produced at 800 °C-60 min have shown better refinement of α-Al at both shorter (2 min) and extended (120 min) holding periods. Minimum and constant DAS (62 μm) is achieved when refined with Al–4B refiner prepared at 800 °C-60 min

The combination of Graphite (Gr) and Nano Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) is found efficient in reinforcing copper matrix composites (CMC) for bearing application due to its intrinsic ultrahigh tribological and mechanical properties. In this study the wear properties of copper alloy (90% Cu and 10% Sn) composites were compared with Cu alloy + 4 wt% Gr, Cu alloy + 4 wt. %ZrO2 and Cu alloy + 4wt. %Gr + 4 wt% ZrO2. In the present investigation the fabrication of CMC composites were made through stir casting process. The Microstructural characterization was carried with Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Displacement Spectrum (EDS) to show uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix and also to confirm the elements. The wear behavior were evaluated at varying loads of1, 2 and 3 kg with a constant speed of 300 rpm and for varying sliding speeds of 100, 200 and 300 rpm and constant load of 3 kg using a pin on disc apparatus. After test on wear machine it was found that Cu alloy with graphite and ZrO2 composites at varying loads and varying speeds exhibits the superior wear resistance. These composites are best suited for bearing applications.

Al2O3 may be the most important reinforcement in aluminum-based composites that are rising quickly in modern years. The significance of this paper is to study the influence of Al2O3p size variation (i.e. 53 µm and 88 µm) and content (i.e. 9, 12, and 15Wt %) on density, hardness, tensile strength, elongation to fracture and wear studies. During the preparation of each composite, the ceramic reinforcements were introduced in a novel way which involves two-stage additions of reinforcements during liquid stirring. It has been found that because the size of the Al2O3p is reduced, measurement of the density showed that 2014Al-Al2O3p composites contained slight porosity and also the quantity of porosity among the prepared composites higher with diminishing the Al2O3p size and increasing weight percentage of Al2O3p. In addition to this, the results show that by decreasing the Al2O3p size and increasing the weight proportion of the Al2O3p the tensile strength and hardness of the prepared composites increase. Microstructural characterization carried out for the 2014Al-Al2O3 composites using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed a fairly homogeneous distribution of Al2O3p with grain refinement of the matrix. Wear test is conducted for the prepared composites by utilizing a computerized pin on disc wear testing machine which shows greater wear resistance property as the size of the Al2O3p reduced.

In the recent trends, Zinc based composite materials are popular in most applications like automotive, aircraft, military and others. The main concern of the study is to prepare metal matrix composites [MMCs] wherein zinc and tin are used as matrix and B4C is added as reinforcement. Varying the quantities of like B4C 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% by weight are added and the specimens are prepared by two step stir casting method and machined as per ASTM standards. The samples are then subjected to microstructural tests like SEM, EDS and XRD examinations. The obtained results are compared with those of as-cast conditions. SEM micrograph reveals the uniform distribution of B4C particulates in the Zn–Tin matrix and is confirmed by EDS analysis. Further, XRD analysis confirmed the B4C phases on Zn–Tin matrix

MMC based on aluminium (Al) were produced for light-weight applications especially in aviation and automobile areas. Present paper deals with the fabrication and mechanical performance of AA6061 matrix composites fortified with Al2O3 (alumina) and graphene particulates. Fluid metallurgy method namely stir casting route was employed for fabricating the hybrid composites. Al2O3p and graphene powder are mixed in different weight fractions in which graphene (1 wt. %) particle reinforcement is held consistent and Al2O3 reinforcement is differed freely with 5, 10 and 15 wt. %. Using optical analyser and SEM equipment, microstructural examination is carried out and the result reveals that the graphene and Al2O3 particles prevalently are homogeneously appropriated on the grain limits of Al matrix and Al2O3 particles are disseminated between graphene in the as-cast AA6061 MMC’s. Detailed analysis on investigation of the microstructure and mechanical aspects of Al6061-graphene-Al2O3p composites is presented by following ASTM guidelines, results uncovered that with increment in reinforcement particles, there is an enhancement in the hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength and a decline in the elongation values was however noticed when contrasted with Al6061 alloy. Fractography investigation revealed dimples in unreinforced alloy and the composite.

Aluminium matrix composites (AMC’s) focus primarily on improved specific strength, high temperature and wear resistance application. Aluminium matrix reinforced with ceramic particulates has good potential. With high strength and sensible wear resistance properties AMCs found their applications within the field of automobile components, defence materials, die and gear materials, etc. In the present work, the hard ceramic particulates of tungsten carbine (WC) and soft ductile particulates of cobalt (Co) mixtures are used as reinforcements (at 6 and 9 wt%) in CERMET form with a particle size range from 10 to 15 µm. The processing of composite is done by the stir casting method. Optimized processing temperature technique is adapted in processing of composite. The presence of the homogeneously distributed particulates is observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD analysis also reveals the presence of reinforcement particulates and other phases. Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al−WC–Co composite samples was analysed with the help of a pin on disc wear and friction monitor. The present analysis reveals the improved wear resistance of composite over the base alloy. Synthesized composites exhibit superior wear resistance property over the base alloy. Worn surface morphology was studied with the help of SEM in order to observe the wear behaviour of the samples.

In the present research, the effect of 44-μm-sized B4C addition on the mechanical and wear performance of Al2024 alloy has been studied. The Al2024 alloy metal matrix composites reinforced with varying wt% (2, 4, 6 and 8) of B4C particulates were fabricated by stir cast route. The synthesized composites were subjected to microstructural studies, mechanical and wear properties testing. Microstructural characterizations of obtained samples were carried out by SEM microscopy and XRD patterns. The presence of B4C particles was confirmed by the XRD patterns. The hardness, tensile and compression strengths of metal composites have been enhanced with the addition of B4C reinforcement. There was, however, a decrease in the ductility of the Al2024 alloy composite after the incorporation of the reinforcement. The wear behaviour of the prepared samples was tested at varying loads and speeds. The microcomposites exhibited superior wear resistance. Various fracture and wear mechanisms were observed in the Al2024–B4C composites using SEM.

In the current research work synthesis, characterization, mechanical and wear behavior of 2, 4 and 6 wt% of nano-ZrO2 particulate-reinforced AA2014 alloy composites have been investigated. The matrix phase of AA2014 alloy containing nano-ZrO2 particulates composites was geared up by two-stage melt stir system. After the preparation, the organized composites were studied by SEM and EDS for analyzing the microstructures and chemical elements. Further, mechanical characterization and wear studies of as-cast AA2014 alloy and AA2014-nano-ZrO2 composites were studied. From the investigation, it was observed that the tensile behavior of composites was enhanced due to addition of nano-sized ZrO2 particles in the AA2014 alloy matrix. In nano-ZrO2-reinforced composites, the percentage elongation decreased. Further, the wear loss increased with respect to the load for all the prepared materials. To study the fractography and different wear mechanisms for various test conditions of different compositions, tensile fractured surfaces and the worn surfaces were observed by SEM.

Al2618 alloy composites containing 6 wt% nano B4C were prepared by liquid metallurgy two stage stir casting process. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope to validate the homogenous distribution of nano B4C particles in the Al2618 alloy matrix. The presence of B and C elements was confirmed by EDS analysis in the nano B4C reinforced metal composites. The mechanical behavior of the prepared nano composites were evaluated as per the ASTM standards, and it was noted that the tensile strength (ultimate strength and yield strength) and compression strength increased with the addition of 6 wt% nano B4C particles. Finally, to understand the failure mechanisms the fractography analysis was conducted on the broken tensile specimens by using SEM images.

Metal matrix composites (MMC’s) form appropriate choice of materials where there is a demand for stiffness, strength combined with low weight for different applications. The applications of Aluminum based MMC’s as engineering materials has been exceedingly increased in almost all industrial sectors. Aluminum strengthened with Al2O3p gives excellent physical and mechanical properties like high hardness, low density, high electrical conductivity etc., which are generally used in the field of aerospace, automobile and industrial applications. In present work, an attempt is being made to integrate 2014 Al alloy with Al2O3p by two stage stir casting with addition level of reinforcement maintained at 9 and 12 wt%. Microstructural characterization carried out using scanning electron microscopy showed fairly uniform distribution of Al2O3p with grain refinement of the matrix. These prepared composites are mechanically characterized as per the ASTM standards using computerized universal testing machine. Improvements in tensile strength, density and hardness of the prepared composites were observed with increase in the reinforcement wt%. Percentage improvements of 5.09% (9 wt%), 17.65% (12 wt%) in terms of tensile strength and 29.18% (9 wt%), 43.69% (12 wt%) in terms of hardness were obtained respectively.

Polymer grid composites are broadly discovering applications in the aviation, vehicles and games division. Graphene has amazing mechanical properties, which makes it theoretically a decent fortification in polymer framework composites. It likewise has restrictive optical and warm properties, which make it striking filler for delivering multifunctional composites particularly in the event of polymer framework composite because of its reasonability and exceptional mechanical properties. In the previous couple of years, generally little thought has been given on graphene strengthened polymer network composite (GRPMC) in contrast with metal and clay grid composites. This audit article gives a colossal review on the condition of the scattering of graphene in composites, including materials as of now integrated and portrayed. This paper concentrate on various scattering strategies, components of fortifying, composites blended utilizing graphene and its applications.

Metal matrix composites are considered as advanced materials in the field of automotive, marine and several industrial applications. In the present work investigations have been made on effect of nano B4C particulates addition on the tensile behavior of Al2219 alloy. Nano B4C particulates of 500nm were used as the reinforcements in the Al alloy matrix. Nano composites were synthesized by using liquid melt method in steps of 2 and 4 wt. % in the Al2219 alloy. Samples were tested for micro structural characterization by using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope. Tensile properties like ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and percentage elongation were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Scanning electron micro photographs revealed the uniform distribution of Nano B4C particulates in the Al2219 alloy and confirmed by EDS analysis. Further, ultimate tensile and yield strength of base matrix Al2219 alloy was enhanced with the addition of Nano B4C reinforcement. There was slight reduction in ductility of composites.

This work investigated the influence of silicon carbide and graphite on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al6061-SiC and Al6061-Graphite composites. The investigation reveals the effectiveness of integration of SiC and Graphite in the Al6061 alloy for studying mechanical properties. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy route. The Al6061-SiC and Al6061-Graphite composites were fabricated separately by introducing 9 wt. % of SiC and graphite particulates. The characterization was performed through Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrum. The particle distribution was uniform in these composites. The grains were refined by inclusion of SiC and Graphite particulates. The density, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation of both SiC and Graphite composites were evaluated. Further, a comparative study has been made between the Al6061-SiC and Al6061-Graphite composites. The SiC and graphite addition in the Al matrix proved to account for the dramatic change of the fracture mechanism of the composites

In the current work an attempt has been done to synthesize and evaluate the mechanical properties of Al-7Si-Fly ash composites. Fly ash reinforced Al-7Si alloy composites were processed by vortex method. The amount of Fly ash was varied in steps of 3, that is 3 wt. % and 6 wt. % of Fly ash in Al-7Si alloy. All composites were fabricated by using preheated Fly ash particulates. Fabricated as cast Al-7Si, Al-7Si-3wt. % Fly ash and Al-7Si-6wt. % Fly ash were studied for microstructure analysis by using optical and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Further, prepared samples were tested for mechanical behavior like hardness, ultimate and yield strength as per ASTM standards. Microstructural analysis showed the uniform distribution of Fly ash in the Al-7Si alloy matrix. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Fly ash content in the Al-7Si matrix. Al-7Si-Fly ash composites were shown higher hardness and improved tensile properties as compared to the Al-7Si base alloy.

This work investigated the influence of Al 2 O 3 and graphite on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al6061- Al 2 O 3 and Al6061-Graphite composites. The investigation reveals the effectiveness of incorporation of Al 2 O 3 and Graphite in the Al6061 alloy for studying mechanical properties. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy route. The Al6061- Al 2 O 3 and Al6061-Graphite composites were fabricated separately by introducing 9 wt. % of Al 2 O 3 and graphite particulates by two stage melt stirring process. In this reinforcement particulates were added in two steps to increase the wettability. The characterization was performed through Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrum. The particle distribution was uniform in these composites. The grains were refined by addition of Al 2 O 3 and Graphite particulates. The density, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation of both Al 2 O 3 and Graphite composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Further, a comparative study has been made between the Al6061- Al 2 O 3 and Al6061-Graphite composites.

In the present work an attempt has been made to synthesize A356-B 4 C-Graphite particulate metal matrix composite by two stage melt stirring method. Ceramic particulates such as TiB 2 , SiC, Al 2 O 3 , B 4 C can be reinforced with aluminum matrix for better strength and wear resistance properties. In the present investigation A356 alloy was reinforced with micro B 4 C and Graphite particulate through two stage melt stirring process. Two stage melt stirring is adopted over single stage melting stirring process as this avoids agglomeration of particulates and results in better properties of composites. The composites were obtained by incorporating 4 wt.% of B 4 C and Graphite particulates with A356 alloy. Microstructural analysis revealed the uniform distribution of particulates resulting in better incubation and avoiding segregation of particulates in the melt which are evident from SEM microphotographs. Mechanical properties like density, hardness and tensile strength were studied for unreinforced A356 alloy and B 4 C and Graphite reinforced composites at room temperature.

In the present investigation, effect of applied normal load and sliding speed on wear behaviour of 2, 4 and 6 weight percentages of TiC particulate reinforced Al2219 alloy composites were reported. Al2219 - Titanium Carbide composites were fabricated by conventional liquid stir casting method. The microstructure of the composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The wear resistance of metal matrix composites was studied by conducting dry sliding wear assessment using a pin on disc apparatus. The experiments were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 700rpm and sliding distance of 2000m over varying loads of 0.5kg, 1kg, 1.5kg and 2kg. Similarly experiments were conducted at a constant load of 1.5kg and sliding distance of 2000m over varying sliding speeds of 600, 700, 800 and 900rpm. The results showed that the wear resistance of Al2219-TiC composites was better than the unreinforced alloy. The wear rate was found to increase with the applied load and sliding speed. Study of wear worn surfaces was carried out using scanning electron microscope.

In the present investigation, microstructure study and tensile behavior of B4C particulate reinforced Al2024 alloy composites have been reported. Al2024 matrix composites containing boron carbide were fabricated by conventional stir casting method. The composites containing 3 and 6 wt. % of B4C (80 micron size)particulates were fabricated for the study. The micro- structure of the composite was examined by optical microscopy. Images were taken to identify the presence of B4C particle in aluminum matrix. Further, tensile behavior of as cast Al2024 alloy and Al2024-3 wt. % B4C and 6 wt. % B4C composites were studied. Tensile properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Microstructural observation revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the Al2024 alloy matrix. It was found from the analysis, that the ultimate tensile strength of composite was increased due to increasing amount of boron carbide particle in the composite and the yield strength was increased due to the higher value of boron carbide. Also percentage elongation of the composites decreases with increase of the order of boron carbide. Finally, it was found that in the stress - strain curve, the boron carbide was the main factor in improving the tensile strength of composites because of its high hardness. The composites in the present study have great potential for application as structural materials.

In comparison to unreinforced alloy, ZA27 reinforced with hard ceramic particles possesses higher strength and hardness. They can be used for automotive parts, machine tools, strength plants, Heavy engineering industries. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of adding micro size-B4C particles to ZA27 alloy on the mechanical properties of the composites.The ZA27 alloy reinforced with 3wt. %, 6 wt. %, and 9wt. % of B4C particulate composites were fabricated by stir casting method.Microstructure and mechanical properties such as hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength and percentage elongation of the composites were examined. Microstructure of the samples has been investigated by using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope to know the micro level uniform distribution of reinforcement particulates in the matrix. It was observed that the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of alloy increased as the level addition of B4C particulates increased by 3wt. %, 6wt. % and 9wt. %.From the study, it was revealed that the percentage of elongation decreased as the addition of B4C increased with 3wt. %, 6wt. % and 9wt. %

In the present work an attempt is made to synthesize 6061Al – Cu coated Al 2 O 3 particulate metal matrix composite by two stage melt stirring method. 6061Al alloy is reinforced with copper coated Al 2 O 3 particulate through compo casting technique. Compo casting technique is adopted over single stage melting stirring process as this eliminates wettability problem of particulates and results in better properties of MMC. The MMC is obtained by incorporating 3, 6 and 9 wt.% of un-coated Al 2 O 3 and Cu-coated Al 2 O 3 with 6061Al alloy. Microstructural analysis reveals that Cu coatings around Al 2 O 3 particulates have improved the wettability at the interface resulting in better incubation and avoiding segregation of particulates in the melt which are evident from SEM microphotographs. Mechanical properties like density, hardness and tensile strength were studied for both copper coated and uncoated Al 2 O 3 reinforced composite at room temperature. Significant increase in mechanical properties was observed for copper coated Al- Al 2 O 3 composite due to improved wettability and uniform distribution of particulates within 6061Al matrix compared with Al- Al 2 O 3 composite without Cu coatings.

The mechanical behavior of Al7075 alloy composite reinforced with 3%, 6% by weight ratio nanosized B4C particulate is investigated with and without heat-treatment process. The composite is prepared by liquid casting—stirring method and mechanical behavior of alloy Al7075-3% weight (wt) and B4C, 6% wt and B4C nanocomposites were deliberated. Hardness, ultimate tensile strength; yield strength, percentage elongation and compression strength were evaluated and compared as per ASTM standards. The findings yielded in significant enhancement of properties after heat-treatment process. Only percentage elongation of the composite showed declined value relatively.

In the present investigation synthesis, microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of 5 weight percentage of nano Al2O3 particulate reinforced AA7475 alloy composites has been reported. AA7475 matrix composite containing nano Al2O3 were fabricated by conventional stir casting method. The microstructures of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Further, mechanical and wear behavior of as cast AA7475 alloy and AA7475 - 5 wt. % nano Al2O3 composites were studied. Mechanical properties like hardness, ultimate, yield strength and percentage elongation were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Pin on disc apparatus was used to conduct the dry sliding wear tests. The experiments were conducted by varying loads and constant sliding speed of 300rpm for sliding distance of 4000m. Microstructural observation revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the AA7475 alloy matrix. From the analysis, it was found that the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of composites were increased due to addition of nano Al2O3 particle in the AA7475 alloy matrix. Percentage elongation of the composite decreased in 5 wt. % nano Al2O3 reinforced composites. Further, the volumetric wear loss was found to increase with the load and sliding distance for all materials. Worn surface analysis made by using scanning electron micrographs to know the various mechanisms involved in the wear process.

Nano particulates fortified metal lattice composites are finding extensive variety of utilizations in car and sports hardware fabricating businesses. In the present investigation, an endeavor has been made to create copper-zinc-nano ZrO2 particulates strengthened composites by utilizing fluid liquefy technique. 4, 8 and 12 wt. % of nano ZrO2 particulates were added to the Cu-Zn base grid. Microstructural studies were finished by utilizing SEM and EDS examination. Mechanical behavior of Cu-Zn-4, 8, 12 wt. % of nano ZrO2 composites were assessed according to ASTM benchmarks. Checking electron micrographs uncovered the uniform dispersion of nano ZrO2 particulates in the copper zinc composite network. EDS examination affirmed the nearness of Zr and O components in nano ZrO2 strengthened composites. Further, it was noticed that hardness, UTS, yield quality of Cu-Zn composite expanded with the expansion of 4, 8 and 12 wt. % of nano ZrO2 particulates. Ductility of nano composites was decreased by adding zirconium oxide particulates. Fractography of tensile specimens were carried out by using SEM micrographs to understand the failure mechanisms. &nbsp

In the present study, the experimental results of the mechanical properties of Al6061-Graphite composites presented. The composites containing 6 to 9 wt% of graphite in steps of 3 wt% were prepared using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 250°C and then dispersed in steps of two into the vortex of molten Al6061 alloy to improve the wettability and distribution. Microstructural characterization was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile and hardness tests were carried out in order to identify mechanical properties of composites. The results of microstructural study revealed uniform distribution of graphite particles and low porosity in micro composite specimens.The results of this study revealed that as graphite percentage was increased, there was significant increase in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and ductility, accompanied by a nominal drop in the hardness of the material

In the present study, Al2219 – 2, 4 and 6 wt. % of TiC metal matrix composites were synthesized by Stir casting method. Microstructural analysis of Al2219-TiC composites was performed by using scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural characterization of the developed TiC particulates reinforced composites revealed uniform distribution of micro size TiC particulates in the base matrix. The wear resistance of metal matrix composites was studied by performing dry sliding wear test using a pin on disc apparatus. The experiments were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 600rpm and sliding distance of 2000m over a varying load of 0.5kg, 1kg, 1.5kg and 2kg. Similarly experiments were conducted at a constant load of 1kg and sliding distance of 2000m over a varying sliding speed of 600, 700, 800 and 900rpm. The results showed that the wear resistance of Al2219 - TiC composites was better than the unreinforced alloy. The wear rate was found to increase with the load and sliding speed. To study the dominant...

In the present investigation sysnthesis, microstructure study and tensile behavior of 3 and 9 weight percentage of B4C particulate reinforced Al7025 alloy composites has been reported. Al7025 matrix composite containing boron carbide were fabricated by conventional liquid stir casting method. The composites containing 3 and 9 wt. % of B4C particulates were fabricated for the study. The microstructure of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Further, tensile behavior of as cast Al7025 alloy, Al7025-3 wt. % B4C and 9 wt. % B4C composites were studied. Tensile properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Microstructural observation revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the Al7025 alloy matrix. From the analysis, it was found that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of composites were increased due to increasing amount of boron carbide particle in the Al7025 alloy matrix. Percentage elongation of the composite decreases with increasing order of B4C particulates in soft Al alloy.In the present investigation sysnthesis, microstructure study and tensile behavior of 3 and 9 weight percentage of B4C particulate reinforced Al7025 alloy composites has been reported. Al7025 matrix composite containing boron carbide were fabricated by conventional liquid stir casting method. The composites containing 3 and 9 wt. % of B4C particulates were fabricated for the study. The microstructure of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Further, tensile behavior of as cast Al7025 alloy, Al7025-3 wt. % B4C and 9 wt. % B4C composites were studied. Tensile properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Microstructural observation revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the Al7025 alloy matrix. From the analysis, it was found that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of composites were increased due to increasing amount of boron carbide particle in the Al7025 alloy matrix. Percentage el...

In the current investigation an attempt has been made and to produce ceramic Al2O3particulate reinforced 6061Al matrix composites by liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique) and to study the dry sliding wear properties of the prepared composites. The amount of ceramic Al2O3particulate reinforcement addition was maintained at 9 and 12wt%. During the preparation of each composite the ceramic reinforcements were introduced in a novel way which involves three stage additions of reinforcements during melt stirring. The wear tests were conducted using pin on disc wear testing machine on 6061Al matrix before and after addition of Al2O3reinforcements Wear test results demonstrated the superior wear resistance of the composites over monolithic 6061Al alloy matrix. Key Words: MMC’s, Al2O3particulates, 6061Al, stir-casting

This present paper is an investigation made to study the un-lubricated sliding wear behavior of Al6061 alloy composites reinforced with graphite particulates of size 100-125 μm. The content of graphite in the alloy was varied from 6-9% in steps of 3 wt. %. The liquid metallurgy technique was used to fabricate the composites. A pin-on-disc wear testing machine was used to evaluate the volumetric wear loss, in which a hardened EN32 steel disc was used as the counter face. The results indicated that the volumetric wear loss of the composites was lesser than that of the Al6061 matrix alloy and it further decreased with the increase in graphite content up-to 6 wt.%. For composites containing 9 wt. % of graphite particulates, the volumetric wear loss was more than that of 6wt. % composites, but lesser than base matrix alloy. However, the material loss in terms of wear volume increased with the increase in load and sliding speed, both in case of composites and the alloy.

In this present work, an attempt has been made to optimize the wear properties of Al6061- SiC particulate composites. The composites containing 6 to 9 wt% of Silicon Carbide in steps of 3 wt% were prepared using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 300˚C and then dispersed in steps of two into the vortex of molten Al6061 alloy to improve the wettability and distribution. Dry sliding wear test method was used to conduct the experiments by using Ducom made pin-on-disc wear testing machine. Twenty seven experiments were carried out with the help of Taguchi L27 Orthogonal array. The influence of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on volumetric wear loss was estimated. Smaller the better parameter was chosen to optimize the wear process of prepared composites. Results show that applied load has the highest influence followed by speed and sliding distance.

Aluminum MMCs are preferred to other conventional materials in the fields of aerospace, automotive and marine applications owing to their improved properties like high strength to weight ratio, good wear resistance etc. In the present work an attempt has been made to synthesize metal matrix composite using 6061Al as matrix material reinforced with ceramic Al 2 O 3 particulates using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 6-12wt% in steps of 3wt%. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 200 °C and then dispersed in steps of three into the vortex of molten Al6061 alloy to improve wettability and distribution. Microstructural characterization was carried out for the above prepared composites by taking specimens from central portion of the casting to ensure homogeneous distribution of particles. Hardness and tensile properties of the prepared composite were determined before and after addition of Al 2 O 3 particulates to note the extent of improvement. Microstructural characterization of the composites has revealed fairly uniform distribution and some amount of grain refinement in the specimens. Further, the hardness and tensile properties are higher in case of composites when compared to unreinforced 6061Al matrix, also increasing addition level of reinforcement has resulted in further increase in both hardness and tensile strength.