1. Hierarchical Control of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Primary Frequency Support
- Author
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Yutian Liu, Shaojun Huang, Qiuwei Wu, Yusheng Xue, Haoran Zhao, and Hengxu Zhang
- Subjects
Engineering ,General Computer Science ,Markov transition matrix ,Event (computing) ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Control (management) ,Automatic frequency control ,Primary frequency support ,Control engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Power (physics) ,News aggregator ,Middle level ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Autonomous control ,Thermostatically controlled loads ,business ,computer - Abstract
This paper proposes a hierarchical control of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) to provide primary frequency control support. The control architecture is comprised of three levels. At the high level, an aggregator coordinates multiple distribution substations and dispatches the primary reserve references. At the middle level, distribution substations estimate the available power of TCLs based on the aggregated bin model, and dispatch control signals to individual TCLs. At the local level, a supplementary frequency control loop is implemented at the local controller, which makes TCLs respond to the frequency event autonomously. Case studies show that the proposed controller can efficiently respond to frequency events and fulfill the requirement specified by the system operator. The users’ comforts are not compromised and the short cycling of TCLs is largely reduced. Due to the autonomous control, the communication requirement is minimized.
- Published
- 2018