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The use of swarm intelligence algorithms for solving complex optimisation problems is an interesting area since they can produce remarkable results. The animal migration optimisation (AMO) algorithm is one of the swarm intelligence algorithms which is derived from the migration behaviour of animals. The implementation of AMO algorithm for complex array optimisation problems is given. The experimental studies show that the AMO algorithm produces high-quality results and it is capable to overcome strong local optimum points by using its attributes. Also, it has few number of steps which are quite easy to implement. The AMO can be suggested as a powerful algorithm for optimisation problems including complex array designs when the high solution quality is desired.

This letter presents the concept of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique applied to two sets of microwave circuits: microstrip coupler and single shunt stub matching circuit. The PSO technique that is applied to these two set of designs is tested and compared with simulation results. The results show that PSO is an efficient method for solving these kinds of problems and can be applied for the design of microwave circuits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1333–1336, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23369

Artificial immune systems are classified as computational systems inspired by theoretical immunology and are mechanisms that can solve complex problems. Clonal selection algorithm is a selection algorithm, which is derived as a special selection algorithm to this artificial intelligence concept. In this work, Clonal selection algorithm is applied to design a simple microwave matching network for a load with arbirtary impedance. The results obtained were tested in a microwave simulator and indicated that clonal selection algorithm can be very effectively applied for microwave design problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:991–993, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25935

This letter presents a proof-of-concept implementation of a millimeter-wave reflectometer for measuring complex reflection coefficients. The reflectometer is based on the six-port architecture and consists of a single section of WR-10 rectangular waveguide and a set of three Schottky power detectors. Design considerations as well as measurements in the 75 to 110 GHz range are described and discussed. Because of its simple architecture, the reflectometer is amenable to scaling for measurements well into the submillimeter-wave region of the spectrum.

A quasi-optical balanced doubler based on the dual-polarized sinuous antenna is presented. The input fundamental and output second harmonic signals are isolated by polarization and external wire-grid polarizers are used for impedance tuning. The doubler exhibits 1.6 dB of conversion gain at an input frequency of 5 GHz with a bandwidth of 10%.

The design, construction, and investigation of a compact reflectometer suitable for measuring return loss magnitude and phase of biological materials and chemical agents at submillimeter wavelengths is presented. The instrument, which consists of a section of rectangular waveguide and an ensemble of Schottky diode power detectors is designed as a proof-of-principle demonstration and is a relatively simple implementation of the six-port analyzer originally investigated by Engen and coworkers. Design considerations for the reflectometer are presented and measurements in the 270 GHz to 320 GHz range are discussed. In addition, preliminary return loss measurements on sample biological materials (salmon and herring DNA) in the millimeter-wave region are presented and described.

The design, construction, and investigation of a reflectometer for measuring return loss magnitude and phase at submillimeter wavelengths is presented. The instrument, which consists of a section of rectangular waveguide and an ensemble of Schottky diode power detectors is designed as a proof-of-principle demonstration and is a relatively simple implementation of the six-port analyzer originally investigated by Engen and coworkers. Design considerations for the reflectometer are presented and measurements in the 270 GHz to 320 GHz range are discussed.