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The relationship between the earthquake performance of an inventory of buildings and the seismic resilience of a residential community is examined, by quantifying the immediate post-earthquake reduction and recovery of the shelter-in-place housing capacity. The effect of several mitigation strategies that involve replacing portions of the existing building stock with an enhanced seismic performance system is evaluated. The impact on community resilience is assessed based on the immediate and cumulative loss of permanent housing occupancy as well as the time to recover some fraction of the pre-earthquake housing capacity. The results show how the slope of the recovery curve for occupiable housing during different periods following the event can be linked to the distribution of building damage. In addition to limiting major damage, enhanced building seismic performance is shown to reduce aggregate losses over the recovery period, thereby having a significant effect on both the safety and resilience of residential communities.

Rapid technological advances in microelectronics, networking, and computer science have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that enable numerous services in various application domains, e.g., smart homes and smart grids. Moreover, the emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm has led to the pervasive use of IoT-enabled CPSs in our everyday lives. Unfortunately, as a side effect, the number of potential threats and feasible security attacks against CPSs has grown significantly. In this paper, we introduce a new class of attacks against CPSs, called dedicated intelligent security attacks against sensor-triggered emergency responses (DISASTER) . DISASTER targets safety mechanisms deployed in automation/monitoring CPSs and exploits design flaws and security weaknesses of such mechanisms to trigger emergency responses even in the absence of a real emergency. Launching DISASTER can lead to serious consequences for three main reasons. First, almost all CPSs offer specific emergency responses and, as a result, are potentially susceptible to such attacks. Second, DISASTER can be easily designed to target a large number of CPSs, e.g., the anti-theft systems of all buildings in a residential community. Third, the widespread deployment of insecure sensors in already-in-use safety mechanisms along with the endless variety of CPS-based applications magnifies the impact of launching DISASTER. In addition to introducing DISASTER, we describe the serious consequences of such attacks. We demonstrate the feasibility of launching DISASTER against the two most widely-used CPSs: residential and industrial automation/monitoring systems. Moreover, we suggest several countermeasures that can potentially prevent DISASTER and discuss their advantages and drawbacks.

When planning a residential community, an important factor–occupant behavior–is often omitted. Previous research suggested that the age of occupants may significantly affect the dwelling time and use of air conditioners, thus should be considered during low carbon oriented residential community planning. In this study, an energy related occupant behavior survey recently conducted in Qingdao city is presented. Through this survey, the thermal preference, dwelling time, and air conditioners usage behavior of three different family structures (young couple family, old couple family, and couple with parents family) are analyzed. These information, together with urban planning parameters (floor area ratio, building coverage ratio, aspect ratio, etc.) are then fed into energy simulation models, to investigate the role of occupant behavior in low carbon oriented residential community planning. The results show that the energy demand of old couple family is more affected by community planning. Aspect ratio is more important than height in terms of space cooling and heating demand. The optimal aspect ratio strongly depends on the type of occupants and HVAC system. In general, aged occupants need more heating energy, thus are better located in buildings with lower aspect ratio. Communities with district heating system and decentralized cooling system need lower aspect ratio than that with other types of HVAC systems. The results have important implications to low carbon oriented residential community planning.

In this paper, a method for a multi-objective and simultaneous optimisation of building energy systems and retrofit is presented. Tailored to be suitable for the diverse range of existing buildings in terms of age, size, and use, it combines dynamic energy demand simulation to explore individual retrofit scenarios with an energy hub optimisation. Implemented as an epsilon-constrained mixed integer linear program (MILP), the optimisation matches envelope retrofit with renewable and high efficiency energy supply technologies such as biomass boilers, heat pumps, photovoltaic and solar thermal panels to minimise life cycle cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Due to its multi-objective, integrated assessment of building transformation options and its ability to capture both individual building characteristics and trends within a neighbourhood, this method is aimed to provide developers, neighbourhood and town policy makers with the necessary information to make adequate decisions. Our method is deployed in a case study of typical residential buildings in the Swiss village of Zernez, simulating energy demands in EnergyPlus and solving the optimisation problem with CPLEX. Although common trade-offs in energy system and retrofit choice can be observed, optimisation results suggest that the diversity in building age and size leads to optimal strategies for retrofitting and building system solutions, which are specific to different categories. With this method, GHG emissions of the entire community can be reduced by up to 76% at a cost increase of 3% compared to the current emission levels, if an optimised solution is selected for each building category.

An algae-based closed-loop system in a sustainable residential community that integrates waste stream management with energy generation is modeled. The sustainable material and energy cycle of microalgae for a residential building community is analyzed by schematic flow diagrams. A process simulation model for this integrated system is developed to evaluate the sustainability of the conceptual algae-based closed-loop residential community using system dynamics. The model reveals that this smart self-sustainable pattern through waste-to-energy microalgae technology - anaerobic digestion and renewable energy crops – can achieve sustainability in providing treated water, fertilizer, animal feed and energy for use, as well as reducing waste water emissions, resource consumption and environmental impacts in waste management.

In addition to earthquake-induced structural collapse, hazards related to falling exterior non-structural components of buildings have also been recognized as a significant safety problem. A novel simulation method is proposed herein to reduce such type of hazard, which has rarely been studied in the existing literature. Using a multi-story concentrated-mass shear model and specific falling criteria for exterior non-structural components, the hazard ranges of falling objects in a building group are simulated. The uncertainty of ground motion is considered via the incremental dynamic analyses. Thus, the distribution probabilities of falling objects during the design life of a building group can be predicted. A residential community area is considered as a case study for calculating the distribution probabilities of falling objects over a design period of 50 years and for selecting a suitable and safe site for an emergency shelter. This study is expected to provide a useful reference for emergency and disaster management.

This study proposes an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator operation mechanism in a residential community. The EV charging and discharging operation behaviours are scheduled to maximise the EV aggregator revenue, while EV aggregator provides reserve service for the grid. This study not only considers the energy and information interactions between three stakeholders: EV aggregator, EV owners, and power grids, but also the economic interests of aggregator and owners are considered. The aggregator-owner economic inconsistency issue (EV owners get higher charging cost in aggregator scheduling than self-scheduling) is presented. In order to mediate this issue, a rebate factor is proposed. In the first stage, the objective is to minimise the day-ahead (DA) charging cost of EV owners. Then the second stage is to maximise DA aggregator revenue with different rebate values. Finally, in the third stage, a real-time scheduling strategy is proposed to maximise aggregator revenue using the optimal rebate value. In addition, the battery degradation in influencing scheduling is formulated. Scheduling results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, e.g. economic inconsistency of different parties can be mediated. Significant reduction of EV owners' cost from self-scheduling can be achieved while the revenue of EV aggregator is maximised under the proposed strategy.

Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) site selection occupies a prominent position in the development of the electric community to solve the hard problem of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. However, two critical issues have not been solved by the existing research. Firstly, the scope of EVCS site selection only considers the whole city, which deviates from the actual situation. Secondly, the uncertainty and hesitation of decision information is not well expressed. To handle the above problems, this paper builds a comprehensive EVCS site selection decision framework for Residential Communities (EVCSRC) with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). First of all, the distinctive index system of EVCSRC site selection factors including economy, social, environment, planning and feature portrait of residential communities is established. Then, the TIFNs is utilized for decision makers (DMs) to express the indeterminate information. Furthermore, a fuzzy Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (Fuzzy-VIKOR) is approach is utilized to rank the alternative EVCSRC sites. Finally, a case of Beijing is studied to demonstrate the validity of the proposed site selection framework. The result shows the EVCSRC site located at Sijiqing community in Haidian district should be selected as the optimal site. This paper presents a feasible and easy-to-use decision-making framework for investors.

According to statistic analysis of consumer fireworks-related injuries (CFRI) of domestic and overseas, the risk factors causing injuries are determined. Two methods are used to solve problem. Firstly, all the risk factors leading to injures are expressed by the Causality Diagram. Then this Causality Diagram is transferred into hierarchical structure model of AHP for quantitative analysis. By working out the model, the weight of each factor could be obtained. Thereby the significance of each factor is determined. Finally, the hinge factors leading to CFRI can be figured out as the terms of the risk-based supervision model that based on the important aspects to be focused on within self-protection and supervision for consumers in the residential community both of rural and urban, as well as industrial workers of the enterprises.

This paper, taking the application of Cuolok Scaffolding and steel tubular scaffold with couplers in large span beam structure support of the chamber building in Ningxin residential community in yanji, jilin province as an example, introducing thedesigning scheme,and measures to guarantee the technology quality . Meanwhile, doing the calculation analysis calculating method,Through the inspection about the sub-projects of scaffold, template, and concrete structure, the construction quality meets the requirements of specification acceptance standard in China, so this approach can be applied to similar project.

A residential community in the urban area is important to a city’s construction and development. The existing evaluation standard for green buildings in China is an approach of post-assessment and partial-evaluation for a community. It is essential to formulate an assessment for rating the low carbon community coving its whole life process. This paper articulates the standard for rating a low carbon community through the whole process of its project feasibility, planning, construction, and operation. The aim of it is to promote the low carbon development by applying this standard to such projects of community construction.

Many residential communities are claimed to be “intelligent”, but their level of intelligence noticeably varies corresponding to the functionality and operational efficiency of the installed intelligent systems. This raises the need for having an effective and practicable method that would allow decision-makers to measure the degree of intelligence of one residential community against another. To achieve this objective, this paper elicits a general list of intelligence indicators of residential communities in China by means of system modeling as a base. Then, focusing in particular on the importance of these intelligence indicators’ weights, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-strategic weighting method to facilitate the evaluation of intelligent residential communities. The analytic network process (ANP), entropy method and their combination are proposed as three weighting strategies to meet the need of evaluation at different stages of intelligent residential community's development in China. An experimental case study has been presented to demonstrate how to use the multi-strategic method to confront real-world design tasks. The research aims to provide a practical method to enable the evaluation of intelligent residential communities on more fair ground.

The developmental trend of the future cities is to create a low-carbon and energy-saving city, and the development will boost the design of current residential community planning. By a case study of Yilongwan Community in Changzhi City, technical requirements for construction of low-carbon ecological community are analyzed from the aspects of planning and layout, landscape construction and low-carbon technology in this paper. The analysis presents some shortages in the construction and they are described in details by this paper. Finally, the development strategy is proposed in this paper.

Through questionnaires and household interviews, the author sorted out assumptions and requirements of the elderly in hardware facilities (e.g. residential monomer, external environment, and supporting facilities, etc.) of a residential community. Based on the single factor analysis on above aspects, multi-factor analysis of different regions, different ages of the senior people were also launched to discuss corresponding planning means of hardware facilities in residential community planning.

The level of performance of intelligent community is greatly promoted by the development of networking technologies. Some researchers obtained the achievement of intelligent community by utilizing complex algorithm and advanced equipment that makes the solution very expensive. Our research aims to find out a way to intellectualize residential community that is easy to implement, highly reliable and cost-effective. In this study, we present a system which consists of three layers based on the ring topology. For reliability and the ease of maintenance, we propose an automatic fault detection and handling function that is able to quickly detect any fault of the circuit and automatically eliminate the issue. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system is extremely efficient, intelligent, and environmentally friendly while being highly reliable and affordable.

The commercial plaza situated near the entrance of residential district is commonly used in residential planning. This paper states the advantage of this method, and discusses the square special shape design methods include the form of the combination of business and square、Square scale 、the style and scale of architecture、roads and parking 、square landscape above these five aspect. It takes new concept for commercial space in residential district entrance.

In the recent twenty years, with the rapid development of china’s economy and city construction, residential projects development becomes more prosperous than ever before. The speed of Chinese residential projects development is higher than any period in history. It brings many problems, such as house price went up too quickly, resources consumed over much and so on, due to the development speed was too high and the developers seeking high profit unilaterally. Therefore, we must seek a proper balance between endless requirements and limited resources supply and aim at to construct a keep zoology balance, increase the efficiency of energy and other resource, and share comfortable healthy and most cost-efficient residence as a final goal. Constructing sustainable residential community is the important embodiment of scientific development concept and the necessary requirement to change production mode and economy increase mode in the region of residential construction. It has great theoretical and practical value to improve the resident quality and level, construct best resident environment city and wealthy society. Based on previous reasons, the thesis try to provide a basic point for the whole industry to correspond via the evaluation and research on durative of Chinese residential project, to guide developers to follow a uniform high standard while developing residential projects, heighten the integral level of residence development.

One major challenge faced by Beijing is dealing with the enormous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated, which contains a high percentage of food waste. Source separation is considered an effective means of reducing waste and enhancing recycling. However, few studies have focused on quantification of the mechanism of source separation activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish a mathematical model of source separation activity (MSSA) that correlates the source separation ratio with the following parameters: separation facilities, awareness, separation transportation, participation atmosphere, environmental profit, sense of honor, and economic profit. The MSSA consisted of two equations, one related to the behavior generation stage and one related to the behavior stability stage. The source separation ratios of the residential community, office building, and primary and middle school were calculated using the MSSA. Data for analysis were obtained from a 1-yr investigation and a questionnaire conducted at 128 MSW clusters around Beijing. The results revealed that office buildings had an initial separation ratio of 80% and a stable separation ratio of 65.86%, whereas residential communities and primary and middle schools did not have a stable separation ratio. The MSSA curve took on two shapes. In addition, internal motivations and the separation transportation ratio were found to be key parameters of the MSSA. This model can be utilized for other cities and countries.

In pace with a growing focus on environmental protection, geophysical techniques to characterize abandoned hazardous sites contribute necessary information for remediation. Study of physical property distribution in the subsurface allows insight relevant to the successful investigation of such sites. Resistivity image profiling (RIP) is one of the most effective and stable geophysical techniques for contaminated land investigations where it is generally desirable to minimize ground disturbance. A former gas factory and carbide waste disposal site in Hsin-Hua County of southern Taiwan was being investigated. The site is located next to a low-density residential community and was previously considered unattractive. It is now being developed for domestic infrastructure and has to be cleaned. Records of dumping activities are poor. In order to estimate the budget of future remediation, RIP works were used to determine buried carbide geometry such as the thickness of fill and the spread of waste carbide. In ad...

With the development of urbanization, there are a large number of residential communities have appeared in the cities. Nowadays, residents are concerned more and more about the safety, comfort ability, and convenience of the communities. The hotspot of current research is to realize intelligent integration of the communities in planning managerial aspect. Using GIS to inquire and analyze the spatial data and attribute data. This article is based on researching the application and development of geographic information system software from domestic and overseas, to introduct a kind of intelligent residential community which is using the Map Objects mapping software as a platform to construct and its application of planning, management, security, there is certain reference significance for the other districts of city information system construction.

Studies have identified institutional or programmatic interventions that can be implemented to address lack of fit and related individual variables that may impact success and retention in engineering programs, especially among underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. One such intervention is a living-learning community (LLC). Informed by best practices in the literature, inVenTs is a new interdisciplinary residential community offered at a Research I university that is designed to encourage the development of innovative and entrepreneurial thinking skills while at the same time offering programming that is linked to retention and success. Linked to the activities being offered in this residential community, our research is examining what curricular and co-curricular initiatives have been shown to retain undergraduates and at the same time develop students' ability to be innovative. This paper discusses initial findings from assessment efforts and future assessment plans as findings are being used to inform future programmatic initiatives.

The paper presents a comparison between various approaches to the optimized operation of a Content Centric Residential Community Network (CCRCN). The evaluation basis is mostly about the energy footprint of CCRCNs, but other factors, such as content offloading and Internet Sharing, are also taken into account. From the analysis it emerges that the current approaches to operate a CCRCN are not very profitable in terms of energy. Some produce very marginal savings, whereas the behaviour of others is strongly dependent on the operational conditions, thus being scarcely predictable. We thus point out the strengths and weaknesses of each, thus paving the way for the future greening strategies of CCRCNs.

This paper will describe the process to create a demonstration project of Bioretention systems for a small residential community in the south end of Bridgeport, Connecticut. This project has the residents of Seaside Village, the City of Bridgeport and the Urban Ecology and Design Laboratory (UEDLAB) at Yale University as the primary stakeholders. This author provided technical engineering expertise for this project.

This study provides a preliminary examination of the temporal and geographic variations of sound in Cajamarca, a provincial city in the Andes of northern Peru. Sound levels were sampled in four neighborhoods of the city each representing different land-use characteristics and hypothetically distinct environmental sound profiles. The sample sites included the central plaza, the business district, a residential neighborhood, and a small residential community on the urban periphery. Sound readings were taken each hour between 6 am and 12 pm on every day of the week. Sound profiles for each location for a weekday, a Saturday, and a Sunday are presented. Distinct decibel profiles emerge, both geographically and temporally. These changing sound patterns reflect the activities of the town's residents as they move between home, work, and social/recreational activities during the course of a week. Cajamarca's sound profiles are believed to be characteristic of other provincial cities throughout the Andean region.

The sedimentation of adjacent buildings and the transmutation of supporting piles were simulated by large-scale finite element engineering software ANSYS according to a residential community foundation-pit excavation practice. Then the data was compared with monitoring data in the actual construction process, and innovative technology programs were designed. It relied on the underground engineering structure self-stiffness to provide supporting points for retaining piles, turning retaining points from cantilever components into multi-span continuous hyper static components. It greatly reduced the effect of bending moment of supporting piles. So that we can significantly reduce supporting piles' length and sectional area of the design, saving about 60% of construction cost and shorting construction period. The success of the technology research and application has accumulated experience for future similar underground construction.

Le Shui Xin Ju district lies to the northeast of Chaoyang; it is about to be planned to be a great-hearted district which contains multiple functions including office, commerce, administrative management, research, design, recreation, ecological residential community, and so on. The paper systematically reviews the conceptual detailed planning of Le Shui Xin Ju district from angles of plan survey, plan principle and idea, plan structure and spatial arrangement, spatial model research, road system, green space system, landscape system, functional district of river beach. Through the actual case, the author deems that conceptual detailed planning possesses positive significance in the aspects of spatial model research, demand behavior analysis, landscape system analysis, and so on. If designers take design result of conceptual detailed planning as beneficial supplement of statutory plans system, then statutory plans could be improved and optimized, and fit the need of new situation, new idea, and new target.

This paper takes the typical multi-storey determinant residential area of Harbin as the research object, makes an analysis of existing problems through the residential sunlight environment simulation, and proposes the optimized environment strategies from the aspects of building distance, building height and building facade styles. This paper also provides the basic analysis data to improve the quality of the implementation of local relevant laws and regulations. At the same time it has positive significance of constructing a healthy living environment and building energy-saving residential community.

The safety of mining region's environmental system is a basic prerequisite of the sustainable development of mining region's economy and society. The maintenance of mining region's environmental system safety by taking effective measures has great significance for mining regions in China function as residential community. One of the major problems facing mining region's sustainable development is how to keep the safety of mining region's environmental system. This paper constructs a Cusp Catastrophe Model for mining region's environmental safety applying Catastrophe Theory. Beneficial factors and restricted factors affecting environmental system safety are used as control parameters, while the state of environmental system safety serves as state variable in the model construction process. The Catastrophe development rule of mining region's environmental system safety is analyzed based on Cusp Catastrophe Model's bifurcation set equation, Δ = 8u3 + 27v2. Some methods of conditioning mining region's environmental system safety are also put forward.

Osusowake means to share food or other things with neighbors and is a traditional communication style in the Japanese culture. People often osusowake(share) dishes they have cooked or things they have received from others with a kind message such as "Okimochi desuga (I am happy to give you this)." Osusowake has functioned as a means of developing community. However, the tradition of Osusowake or even simple neighborhood bonding no longer exists among people living in urban areas. Sharebee is an attachment to encourage people to osusowake and help organize urban residential community.

This study analyzes the distribution impacts of high penetrations of grid-integrated renewable energy systems, specifically photovoltaic (PV) equipped SolarSmart Homes found in the Anatolia III Residential Community.

The Army's nationwide Residential Community Initiative (RCI) provides a new vision for solving an old problem. Years of funding shortfalls and resource allocation decisions created a significant deterioration in the construction repair and maintenance of housing. The Department of the Army with Congressional support started RCI in an effort to leverage private funds through a partnering arrangement to stem this decline and improve family and solider Quality of Life (QOL) overall service member satisfaction and retention in the all-volunteer Army. Congress conceived this program with legislation approved in 1996. Since that time changes in the environment like September 11, 2001 the Global War on Terrorism and Operations Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Iraqi Freedom in Iraq continue to impact all Army programs. Other new initiatives under review by the Chief of Staff of the Army also have the potential to affect the RCI program. The purpose of this paper is to examine RCI and assess program progress determine its ability to meet stated goals identify areas of concern and recommend solutions to current emerging and future challenges.

A water distribution system located in a growing residential community north of Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, was experiencing a higher rate of water leakage and pipe breaks than was considered acceptable. The main breaks appeared to be a result of continued external corrosion. Experience has shown that the frequency of main breaks would likely increase, but the municipal officials were very concerned about the potential disruption that would occur with any replacement or rehabilitation project. A feasibility study demonstrated that a trenchless alternative could be successfully implemented at a lower cost than with conventional open-cut methods. Directional drilling was selected to replace approximately 3,962 m (13,000 ft) of water mains in multiple phases; the first phase included the construction of approximately 1,585 m (5,200 ft) during 2000. This paper describes the results of the technical and economic feasibility study, the detailed design performed, and the construction program implemented.

A technique for rebroadcasting of multiple broadband services in a clustered community served by a passive optical network is introduced. The scheme uses a common regenerator and utilises the existing fibre plant and customer units, reducing the infrastructure cost.

A socio-acoustic investigation was undertaken in order to assess the impact on a residential community of noise from rifle shooting. Personal interviews with 201 residents provided data on subjective reaction to the noise. The responses given in a number of questions including ratings of annoyance and dissatisfaction, reports of activity disturbances and dispositions towards complaint action were used to derive a composite measure of an individual's overall general reaction. The dose-response function was found to be broadly similar to that reported by other researchers. The present results indicated that reaction was determined largely by psychological variables such as attitude and noise sensitivity which interact with exposure to modify the effect that the noise has on the individual. This study is seen as having implications for land-use planning around shooting ranges.

The Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, operating under contract with the Bureau of Ordnance of the U.S. Navy, set up during the war a testing laboratory for ram jet motors at Forest Grove, Maryland, short distance outside of Washington, D. C., in a location surrounded by open country. Postwar building in the neighborhood made it necessary to quiet this installation if operation were to continue at the same location, and the Kellex Corporation undertook design of the revisions. Since very large volumes of air and hot gases had to enter and leave the test cells, it was necessary to design a duct system which offered extremely low resistance to gas flow, but high attenuation to sound. This paper gives a brief description of the resulting construction which has allowed the laboratory continue operation in the midst of a residential community.