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Ni–Fe alloy coatings with Nb contents of 0, 4.2 at.%, 7.0 at.% and 9.0 at.% were electrodeposited on ferritic stainless steels for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect application. The oxidation behavior, scale-growth mechanisms and electrical performances of the Ni–Fe- and NiFe–Nb-coated steels were then investigated in air at 800 °C corresponding to the cathode environment of SOFC. It was found that the scales formed are mainly composed of an external NiFe2O4 layer and an inner Cr2O3-rich layer after oxidation, with some Nb-rich oxides also observed for the Nb-containing coatings. Doping 4.2 at.%Nb into the coating decreased the growth rate of Cr2O3 and suppressed the formation of voids at the scale/alloy interface, whereas excess Nb impaired the oxidation resistance of the steel. The Nb addition affects the oxide growth direction by suppressing the cation transport. All the coatings decreased the area-specific resistance (ASR) of the steel, with the NiFe–4.2 at.%Nb-coated sample exhibiting the lowest ASR value. The effects of Nb on the oxidation mechanism and electrical properties of the Ni–Fe-coated steels are discussed.

Dual layer coatings CrNx and Ni-Fe alloy have been developed for metallic interconnects application by a combined approach. The CrNx layer was deposited on ferritic stainless steel using multi-arc ion plating, and the Ni-Fe alloy coating was electroplated on the CrNx coated steel subsequently. After oxidation at 800 °C in air for 5 h, a multi-layer scale composed of NiFe2O4, Cr2O3, Ni-Fe-Cr alloy and CrNx from outside to inside was formed on the CrNx/substrate with a 1.6 μm thick Ni-32 at%Fe alloy coating. Further oxidation led to the decomposition of the CrNx layer, but no pores could be observed near the scale/substrate interface even after an oxidation of 1000 h. The CrNx layer acted as an effective barrier against the mutual diffusion of elements between the coating and the substrate either before or after decomposition. The employment of the Ni-Fe/CrNx dual layer coating decreased the growth rate of the Cr2O3 scale and thus a lower scale area specific resistance (ASR). The oxidation behavior of the Ni-Fe/CrNx coated substrate and the influence mechanism of the CrNx barrier layer were discussed. Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cell, Interconnect, NiFe2O4, CrNx, Oxidation resistance, Area specific resistance

In this paper, numerical pattern synthesis (NPS) algorithm integrated with seeded region growing (SRG) method is proposed to synthesize the array in the presence of mutual coupling. In order to obtain the mutual coupling between the array elements, active pattern technique is used to find active element patterns. A 4 × 8 microstrip antenna array is employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm including mutual coupling.

© 2002-2011 IEEE. A novel method incorporating the least-squares active element pattern expansion (LS-AEPE) into the iterative Fourier transform (IFT) procedure is presented to efficiently synthesize linear arrays including mutual coupling and platform effects. The proposed method has better pattern synthesis accuracy than the original IFT, and is much faster than the combination of LS-AEPE and the genetic algorithm. Numerical examples are given for synthesizing the patterns of two microstrip antenna arrays mounted on inhomogeneous platforms. Synthesis results show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

The risk of transportation of flammable and explosive goods by road transport cannot be ignored in the transport system. The author has established a model on route choice of flammable and explosive goods by road transport. Firstly, the author analyzed the interaction between transportation of flammable and explosive goods and sensitive targets of lines. Quantitative safety assessment method is used to calculate the extent of injury and scope of an accident during transport, which are used to assess injury severity and exposure of circuit sensitive targets (including the number of sensitive targets, type and distance and so on). Count and select sensitive targets in transport routes, make selection decisions on road transport routes of the inflammable and explosive goods provide reference for the road transport enterprises of the inflammable and explosive goods.

Recently, urban traffic congestion is becoming one of the most serious problems all over the world, which badly affects city's sustainable development and people's daily life. The measures of traffic flow leading is used in abate traffic congestions. However, the present measures are hardly to cope with the routine traffic congestion because they are instituted basically by experience. In response to this problem, the congestion and flow control method of Data Communication Network were put forward to traffic control to resolve this problem. Utilize the existing transport information collection system for real-time information collection, and the pre-leading model core devices -Controller, to carry out the similar algorithm and achieve the similar function. Controller using a combination of centralized dynamic routing with distributed dynamic routing strategy. This model is considered to be able to realize urban traffic flow pre-leading, its method for resolving congestion is effective, and it can achieve the goal of intellectual traffic control.

On the basis of catastrophe theory predecessors studied, the paper uses catastrophe theory to talk over accidents causation models of dangerous goods transport, analyzes basic elements of accident and their interrelations, all factors are concluded to be within the dangerous goods transport accident system of "human-machine-environment". According to the exploration, the risk degree of dangerous goods transport system is divided into safety, critical, dangerous state, and establish model of safety decision-making and safety measures. Construct mathematical model of safety degree and safety state. Catastrophe theory can be used to reveal safety state of dangerous goods transport and identify key risk factors, to take measures to the key risk factors which can improve the safety situation. So as to enhance the system's safety status and avoid accidents of dangerous goods transport.

The least-square active element pattern expansion (LS-AEPE) has been introduced for linear array synthesis including mutual coupling and platform effect. A new method based on combination of LS-AEPE and iterative Fourier transform (IFT) is proposed to optimize the excitation phases for sidelobe reduction and null control. Simulation results illustrate the new method outperforms the GA-FFT method base on LS-AEPE in terms of computational efficiency.