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This paper presents a method for testing of a grid-size battery energy storage system and its interaction with the grid. The method uses a real installation with relatively small storage capacity which is combined with a simulation model of the grid. The storage is cycled based on measurements from the potential grid location and desired application. A scaling factor is used to relate the physical installation capacity and power ratings with the grid-size storage in the simulation model. Such a hybrid method allows evaluating grid-size storage installations without disturbing the grid. The physical behavior of the battery and control algorithm can be evaluated under realistic conditions without the need to construct a full grid-size storage installation. An experiment is described in this paper were the method is applied to an actual grid and battery storage installation.

The Cryocycling of Energetic Materials Project was executed in the period FY`94-96 as a Life Cycle Engineering activity in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on advanced conventional munitions. This MOU is an agreement between the Departments of Energy and Defense (Office of Munitions) that facilitates the development of technologies of mutual interest to the two Departments. The cryocycling process is a safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective means of rubblizing bulk energetic materials so that they can be easily reused in a variety of new products. For this reason, cryocycling of excess solid energetic materials is one of the recycle/reuse strategies under study for demilitarized munitions in the Departments of Energy and Defense. These strategies seek to minimize the environmental damage associated with disposal of decommissioned energetic materials. In addition, they encourage technologies that can be used to derive economic benefit from reuse/reapplication of materials that would otherwise be treated as hazardous wastes. 45 refs., 38 figs., 7 tabs.

The Cryocycling of Energetic Materials Project is sponsored by the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on advanced munition technologies. This MOU is an agreement between the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense (Office of Munitions) that facilitates the development of technologies of mutual interest to the two Departments. The cryocycling project is one of several that focus on demilitarization aspects of conventional weapons and weapon systems. During FY94 the project pursued the development of analytical and numerical models that can be used to describe and optimize the cryocycling process for preparing energetic materials for recycle and reuse. In addition, the demilitarization stockpile of the Department of Defense was analyzed to identify candidate munitions for the process, and pilot scale cryocycling operations were begun at an industrial contractor. When a material is cryocycled, it is repeatedly subjected to cycles of rapid cooling in a liquid nitrogen bath at 77 K followed by warming to ambient temperature. In laboratory and pilot scale demonstrations, the authors have shown that cryocycling can dramatically reduce the size of a variety of propellant grains and a number of cast and plastic bonded explosives.

This report provides a total cost analysis of the organic work force within the Aeronautical Systems Division's, DCS for Integrated Engineering and Technical Management. This study details all costs relative to obtain a total cost, including all overhead functions, to the government of these engineers and the relationship of that cost to Federally Funded Research and Development Center personnel. The costs are base lined to a common cost factor of the Member of Technical Staff, which is the cost of one year of technical support to an effort.

This investigation was primarily conducted to review probability projections of crashes of Air Force cargo aircraft as developed in 1971. The 1971 effort resulted in considerable changes to the air cargo operations. This included a lowering of restraint criteria to 3Gs with an auxiliary 9G net system. The objective of this effort was to determine if further reductions could be made through removal of the auxiliary 9G net, in addition to both aircraft and spacecraft cargo restraint criteria. Restraint and aircraft modifications were also examined. This effort viewed probabilities, based on the original data from January 1960 to July 1971, and an expanded base to July 1976 for a total of 40.4 million hours. Further, the original study viewed only major accidents; minor accidents have been added to this review. The probabilities developed in 1971 were conservative relative to actual occurrence over the past few years. Further, new probabilities were developed that show removal of the barrier net is feasible and appropriate changes are recommended to the current criteria. Commercial experience with barrier nets was also investigated and accidents where barriers were impacted are detailed.

A major change in Air Force air cargo restraint criteria has been enacted. The revised criteria, which are based on technical report AFFDL-TR-71-139, Air Cargo Restraint Criteria, and their implementation are presented. An extract of AFFDL-TR-71-139 is included as Appendix I. The initial investigation was conducted to determine probabilities of encountering various forward crash load factors; to determine if cargo restraint procedures could be improved for better operational capability. Safety and cost factors were viewed in relation to current air transportability requirements. In determining the probabilities, data from January 1960 to Jul 1971, covering all major USAF cargo aircraft accidents with a total flying time in excess of 31 million hours, was used. The results showed that the risk to passengers on cargo flight is statistically rare and that a change in air cargo restraint procedures would provide a safety system than previously available with an overall cost savings to the military services.

Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously.