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The automation of dairy farms attaches great importance in developed countries. They implement many preferential policies, technical and economic measures to prompt new automatic equipments , so as to reach a new stage of dairy farm development. Intelligent automatic milking controller has been applied widely and maturely in foreign countries whereas it falls behind relatively in our country. Along with the development of the information technology, it will be an irresistible trend of dairy farms to realize the digital management. The controller which is the core equipment of automatic dairy farm is studied in this paper. The controller uses the AVR microcomputer as its core and the software programming uses the C+ + language. This controller can also realize the infrared data communication with the higher computer. With the characteristics stood above, the controller can be applied to the existing milking machines of the dairy farm and it has a wide application prospect.

Zheng HaiyanWeifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, Chinaemail: 55311612@qq.comKeywords: Street lamp,intelligent control,ultrasonic testing,infrared communicationAbstract. To satisfy the street lamp-control requirement of medium-and-small-sized towns and remote areas, ultrasonic sensor controlled by MCU realizes the monitoring of pedestrians and vehicles on road.It makes use of infrared ray to communicate between two street lamps and 4 lamps are kept on lighting,that not only ensures the safety of pedestrians or vehicles,but also saves energy.

Using C51 SCM, a set of simple infrared communication system has been designed through combining with the infrared devices, and infrared wireless communication has been implemented in short distance within the function. It is different with the general infrared remote controller that doesn’t use coding and decoding chip to realize the coding and decoding of the sending and receiving, but through the SCM encoding and decoding procedures to achieve the sending and receiving of infrared signal, so as to realize the communication function of infrared remote control.

With the development of world science and technology, people's quality of life and living standard is also improving gradually, so the technology of remote access and control system will be born. The household appliances are carried out the remote access based on infrared communication technology, to construct the infrared communication coding protocol procedures, it can pass through the procedures to achieve the related functions of various electrical appliances with the organic coordination, in order to remote access for the household appliances. At the same time through the timing function of the infrared communication technology, it can be form a complete access and the control system, and can be the formation of the received infrared communication and emission flow diagram, in order to achieve the largest household appliance function and use, effectively guide people better infrared communication technology to be widely and effectively used.

The technology of infrared wireless communication offers us a wireless connection and communication mode that is low cost, high speed and short distance. IrDA infrared data association brings forward IrDA infrared communication protocol that is the base of a large number of equipments, interlink with infrared data interface. This paper introduces IrDA standard and the frame structure of IrDA standard. An improve analysis is presented linking processor of IrLAP.

In this paper, we applied CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) with infrared communication on leader-follower robot system via hierarchical communication. We define a simple protocol for communication between robots in the system. A home security system with many security modules installed in a house and a group of leader-follower mobile robots in charge of patrolling and monitoring was simulated for the communication. When fire or any accident happens, the leader robot will command the follower robots to the location.

The design for multi-function self defense device can strengthen the protection for females, also provide automatic alarm and trace the location of the device (user).Traditional defense devices can not combine defense function with automatic alarm at the same time. GPS system, infrared communication and single chip microcomputer were used .The device can be used when people go out alone. It can spray pungent water, emit strong light, call the user’s relatives as well as send out current location massage in a secret way. The implement of the device demonstrate that the device could be employed satisfactorily when the users need effective help in emergency.

Train-Ground communication system is mainly used to complete the communication between the train and the ground, the data which is produced by security computer system is vital to safe operation. The paper focus on the reliability and security technologies of embedded computer system and evaluates the reliability of TMR (Triple Modular Redundancy), which is based on the existing research of security computer and aimed on the equipment of CBTC Train-Ground communication system. The technology of CBTC Train-Ground communication is studied and the structure of the TMR for Train-Ground communication system is designed in the paper. Furthermore, the fault - safety circuits，electromagnetic compatibility technology and rail traffic-related safety standards are analyzed. Finally, the Train-Ground infrared communication security transponder system based TMR is applied to Shanghai People's Square Line 8 subway train’s double-door control system.

Researchers at the ZSW Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany have developed a mobile certification system to ensure that gaseous hydrogen refueling equipment is in compliance with international standards. The unit allows them to check for compliance with pressure and temperature limits, the infrared communication link between vehicle and refueling station, and the dispensed amount of hydrogen.

This paper describes the design, development, and testing of a Flexible Tag Datalogger (FTD) for improving food and goods logistics during transport, storage and vending. This miniaturized device integrates three sensors (temperature, humidity and light) and a microcontroller, which manages the sensors in a power safe mode and records the ranges of the measures on its memory. The transmission of data is based on an infrared communication (as alternative to the RFID technology), making the device able to communicate with the most common personal devices, such as Smartphone or PDA with integrated infrared port.

In this paper we study a problem of navigation in networked multi-robot systems. The robots are deployed in a confined area, where they move around and solve tasks. They communicate with each other through an infrared communication device, so that an ad hoc network is formed among them. Due to the limited range and line of sight nature of the infrared communication, this network has intermittent connectivity. The question we address is how a particular robot can use this network to find a target location that is indicated by another robot (e.g., the other robot has identified a task to be serviced by the searching robot). All other robots are involved in tasks of their own, and do not change their movements to help the searching robot find its destination. However, they do offer support by forwarding messages over the network. We propose a new algorithm based on routing in ad hoc and delay tolerant networks that can run on the network formed between the robots and provide navigation information to the searching robot. We evaluate the validity of our approach both in simulation and through an implementation on a group of 16 e-puck robots.

Infrared light communication is a kind of communication method that uses infrared ray to transmit information including voice, text, data, images and so on. In this paper, a kind of wireless communication device based on infrared light is designed, which uses the near-infrared band of 950nm to transmit voice information. The device is composed of infrared emitting device and infrared receiving device, and the relay transmitting device to make the signal be transmitted further. The infrared communication has the characteristics of large capacity, strong confidentiality, good immunity, simple structure, small size, and is widely used in toys and security.

Two electronic systems for indoor use were tested as a way-finding aid by 25 visually impaired people. The Blind Orientation System (BOS) is a system with talking sign posts that point to a selection of destinations; the Easy Walker (EW) is a talking route system that guides the user to the destination which is entered into the personal receiver at the start. Both systems make use of ceiling-mounted beacons and infrared communication between the beacons and the personal receiver. Results were compared to the way-finding performance after a verbal route description by a passer-by. The walking speed was slower (0.74x) using BOS and faster (1.18x) using EW than after a verbal route description. EW was easy to use in combination with a guide dog. The number of times that additional information was needed or correction was given was about equal with the verbal route instruction and BOS, but about three to four times less with EW. Statements on items of appreciation of the systems were scored in favor of EW by ...

The rapidly increasing demand for higher bandwidth and data rates in wireless communication systems over the past several decades is well known. Over the last 12 years, terahertz (1012 Hz) frequency systems have emerged as a new paradigm to transmit data wirelessly. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of wireless terahertz communications for which terahertz waves are the free-space carrier of data. This chapter describes the motivation for terahertz wireless communications, the effect of atmospheric propagation, modeling of communications channels, and hardware.

This article deals with the calculation of the minimum required emitting infrared (IR) signal power at the presence of background ambient light, taking into account thermal noise and receiver input amplifier noise. A baseband PCM wireless IR system is assumed and results are obtained for both directive and diffuse IR transmission channels.

We describe the design, implementation, and experimentation with a collection of robots that, starting from an amorphous arrangement, can be assembled into arbitrary shapes and then commanded to self-disassemble in an organized manner. Each of the 28 modules in the system is implemented as a 1.8-inch autonomous cube-shaped robot able to connect to and communicate with its immediate neighbors. Two cooperating microprocessors control each module's magnetic connection mechanisms and infrared communication interfaces. When assembled into a structure, the modules form a system that can be virtually sculpted using a computer interface. We report on the hardware design and experiments from hundreds of trials.

Since the communication channel is the backbone of any information system, special and careful attention has to be given to the selection of the correct channel medium for use in coal mines. This paper discusses four channels, infrared, optical fibre, radio and powerline carrier, that were investigated. Based on underground tests, the advantages and the disadvantages of the different channels for use in a coal mine were determined and are presented, together with a mathematical model developed for use in designing infrared communication channels. Using the information on the different channels, as well as the mining and technological conditions of a mine, a typical application for the different channels in a South African coal mine is presented.

Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Impairment and Treatment.- Audiology: The Measurement of Hearing.- Hearing-aid Principles and Technology.- Induction-loop Systems.- Infrared Communication Systems.- Telephone Technology.- Alarm and Alerting Systems for Hearing-impaired and Deaf People.- Dual Sensory Impairment: Devices for Deafblind People.- The Final Product: Issues in the Design and Distribution of Assistive Technology Devices.

The paper gives an overview of the field trials and deployments and also explains the pro's and con's of infrared (IR) beacon communication for road traffic management. During the early eighties, first concepts for dynamic route guidance systems appeared in Europe, the US and Japan. In Europe, after successful performance of the LISB field trial in Berlin, EURO-SCOUT-using IR beacon communication-was developed. In Japan, field trials with microwave (MW) beacons (in RACS) as well as RF communication (in AMTICS) were carried out and recently, the Japanese National Police Agency (NPA) has opted for short-range communication using IR beacons. NPA sponsors today a large scale field trial with 3000 IR beacon heads and 500 participating vehicles. In Germany, the newly founded private company for route guidance and driver information services COPILOT has already deployed IR beacons in Stuttgart and Berlin. Operational field tests with IR beacons are also being performed in the US. Furthermore, in the German electronic toll collection field trial, qualified technologies compete in a multi-lane, free-flow, and high speed environment. Siemens participates with its ChipTicket System relying on IR communication between roadside and vehicles.

s In our hospital, two buildings are separated by public road and was communicated each other using 2 Mbps public cable network. Recently inter-building communication with 100 Mbps infrared has been established for PACS. Gigabit network has been established in the main building. To evaluate usefulness of infrared communication, actual data transfer rate was checked. When 2 Mbps public cable was used, actual data transfer rate using 32 Mbytes text file was 193.9 Mbps. After infrared communication was established, effective network speed between two link heads of infrared was 45 Mbps. Actual data transfer rate with 32 Mbytes text file was 4.98 Mbps. Average transfer rates was also checked each 10 times using compressed medical images of each modalities from CR (4 Mbytes), ultrasound (200 Kbytes), CT (250 Kbytes), MRI (77.6 Kbytes) and fluoroscopy (1 Mbytes), and using a raw data of CR (28 Mbytes). Total average transfer rate was 4.91 Mbps. To compare data transfer rate in the separated building with them in the main building, the rate with a 14 Mbytes CR was checked 10 times at the each building. Average data transfer rate was 6.93 Mbps in the main building and 4.05 Mbps in the separated building. In conclusion, when two hospital buildings are separated, an infrared networking can be replaced for fiber-optic cable networking in PACS environment. Keywords: PACS, wireless, infrared