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Dinas Kepemudaan dan Olahraga (DISPORA) Kota Salatiga merupakan salah satu organisasi pemerintah yang berfokus pada peningkatan prestasi olahraga dan potensi pemuda. Kesinambungan strategi bisnis dan TI adalah suatu proses yang selaras dan berkelanjutan. DISPORA sendiri saat ini belum sepenuhnya menerapkan sistem informasi yang saling terintegritas pada semua bidang yang ada. Perencanaan arsitektur enterprise dapat mengintegritaskan sistem saat ini dengan sistem yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan adalah TOGAF ADM dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan observasi. TOGAF ADM adalah suatu metode yang terdiri dari langkah-langkah dalam perancangan arsitektur enterprise untuk perusahaan atau organisasi. Tahapan yang dilakukan hanya sampai fase Opportunities and Solutions. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya kesinambungan antar bidang agar kegiatan proses bisnis berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan menghasilkan blueprint usulan SI/TI guna menjadi landasan strategi kegiatan proses bisnis Dinas Kepemudaan dan Olahraga Kota Salatiga.

The rapid processes of global motorization, which Ukraine has not avoided, have a growing impact on various aspects of modern society, on the formation of a new urban environment and transport system. At the same time, to create favorable conditions for Ukraine's integration into the EU needs to address infrastructural issues: the systematic organization of facilities for storing cars in general in cities with the provision of their architecture- accessibility, versatility, economy, energy efficiency and more. First of all, this applies to the largest cities, where about 45% of the total urban population of the state live. An acute urban and transport problem is the problem associated with the allocation of areas for transport facilities: parking lots (garages), gas stations, service stations and other car service facilities. In the absence of free space, the cost of urban land increases. Based on this, there is an urgent need to develop modern methods and techniques that allow more efficient use of land resources. One of the possible methods of solving the problem of organizing parking lots is to build them into the lower floors of public buildings for various purposes. The generalization of foreign and domestic design and construction practices made it possible to determine that one of the first examples of built-in parking lots (garages) are two 60-storey residential and office centers in Chicago (USA) on the shores of Lake Michigan, called Marina City (1964). The construction of these centers gave impetus to the architectural and planning organization of buildings and structures for the rational solution of parking in the lower above-ground floors of residential buildings and public buildings and structures. The article summarizes foreign and domestic practice of designing and building such parking lots. It is determined that with a high density of buildings in Ukrainian cities, the method of embedding in the lower floors of public buildings and structures is developing. This reception will be in demand especially in the transition of vehicles to electric vehicles. At the same time, the analysis of domestic regulations on the placement of parking lots revealed the absence of provisions on the possibility of embedding them in the lower above-ground floors of public buildings and structures. However, in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries and in the developed countries of the world, such provisions exist, which helps to increase the level of comfort of public services and allows rational and intensive use of the city. Based on the results of research and suggestions, it should be noted that the practice of design and construc- tion reveals the possibility of applying the existing requirements of current state building codes of Ukraine for underground garages, which should be extended and for car parks (garages) located on the lower above-ground floors of other buildings, in particular public buildings. This requires changes and additions to the current urban planning, typological and fire regulations, which are planned to be developed on the basis of this study.

El flujo de conocimiento de una industria basada en riesgos (aeroespacial) hacia otra encargada de producir objetos habitables terrestres, es necesario para ilustrar la función democrática de la arquitectura- En ese orden, el objetivo de este artículo es determinar cómo esa dinámica ilustra la acción liberadora de la profesión, usando una metodología de análisis que toma los conceptos autenticidad, policromía, exactitud, responsividad y habitabilidad (estrategias seminales aeroespaciales); aplicados a la planificación arquitectónica. Como resultado, se descubren principios originarios, componentes intangibles (informadores) y tangibles (formadores) que hacen de la arquitectura un campo eficaz para expandir libertad intelectual.

Siting, reconstruction, modernization of libraries in the unadapted premises has always been and remains till now a challenging practical problem in the global librarianship, which in each case obtains unique, unconventional solution. Soviet architects involved in the design of libraries — F.N. Pashchenko, L.Z. Amlinsky, V.G. Gelfreikh, A.R. Zimonenko and others — contributed to the development of this problem. They laid the modern and progressive theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary section of library science — architecture and construction of library buildings which is actively developing in the 21st century, making the transition from the long-standing concept of the library as a repository for books to understanding it as a constantly changing, flexible and technological information space for all its subjects — visitors, readers and employees. Actualization of the complex task of creating a comfortable environment for the reader and librarian in the adopted for this purpose architectural space has come to the fore. The purpose of the article is to present an original approach in the pre-project study of the University library located in the Palace building in the form of an individual matrix of ideas and solutions. For the key conceptual ideas in the matrix of possible redesigning of the University scientific library the authors chose human centrism, openness, mobility and uniqueness. The paper presents architectural plans of the library, performed by master’s students of the St. Petersburg State Art and Industry Academy named after A.L. Stieglitz under the guidance of the architect-artist, Professor V.P. Timonin, as well as the matrix of ideas and possible solutions for the transformation of the material space of the library of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture, prepared by Professor M.N. Kolesnikova. The results of this work are of practical interest from the point of view of architectural design of libraries in the premises of historical buildings, that is an urgent global problem, as well as of theoretical interest for the development of modern library science in its sections related to library design, material and technical base of libraries and library imageology.

The furnaces of Salamanca were built during the period in which the British Tobacco Company operated in this area of the Region of Coquimbo in Chile (1960's to 1990's). A semi-industrial model of tobacco production was inserted, in which local farmers received technical training and materials to grow tobacco plants. During a first period the company bought green tobacco leaves, while later encouraging the sale of dried tobacco. This meant that local producers had to build their own furnaces, under the company's technical instructions. These instructions were delivered through architectural plans produced by the company, which were interpreted by local farmers according to their own vernacular construction knowledge. This combination resulted in a huge variety of constructive techniques – primarily based on earth – represented in one only architectural form. A cadastre accomplished by the authors in 2019 registered examples of furnaces built with adobe, quincha, tabique and a combination of several of these building systems. Similar systems also present variations - expressed especially in the use of different earthquake-resistant devices. These attend to variable economic conditions and constructive cultures of the local farmers. This article presents the register of 24 furnace ensambles located in 7 areas of Salamanca, characterized according to their construction type and state of conservation. These entries provide information on the richness of vernacular construction of the area and the efficiency of case-specific building solutions.

The village of Pageraji is one of the village governments located in the western capital of Banyumas Regency. The process of administration services in Pageraji Village still uses conventional systems. Based on the analysis of the problem, researchers will make planning the enterprise architecture to know in detail the business process and the stages in the Pageraji Village hall. The method used is TOGAF ADM by using four stages, namely architecture stage of vision, business architecture, information system architecture, and technology architecture. The overall analysis of the results of 4 phases of TOGAF ADM obtained the conformity between architectural needs and the recommended architecture seen from the results of analysis of requirement management with the four stages of TOGAF ADM. The results of this study are architectural planning companies.

The article deals with the factors that influenced the architectural planning structure of small historical cities of Podillya. The features of influence of historical events of XIV-XVII centuries, colonization processes on the development of the region and reflection of this influence in the architectural and planning structure of small cities of Podillya are considered. The significant influence of Polish culture on the intensity of development of small towns of Podillya in the period XIV - XVII centuries is highlighted and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of connecting the urban planning process in the region to the pan-European architectural process through the introduction of the latest architectural and planning technologies and construction techniques. The role of Polish ethnoculture in shaping the architectural and aesthetic image of Podillya has been determined., У статті розглянуто процес розвитку міського середовища Поділля , що пов’язаний із економічними, соціальними, культурними особливостями регіону. Важливим аспектом формування та розвитку малих історичних міст України, зокрема Поділля, є неоціненний спадок тисячолітнього історичного шляху регіону і вкладу різних етносів у формування поселень, а у подальшому їх розвитку у категорію міст. У статті розглядаються фактори, що вплинули на формування архітектурно-планувальної структури малих історичних міст Поділля. Розглянуті особливості впливу історичних подій XIV-XVII століть, колонізаційних процесів на розвиток регіону та відображення цього впливу в архітектурно-планувальній структурі малих міст Поділля, формуванні мережі міст і містечок, що ідентична сучасному розміщенню, чому сприяла політика польського уряду в колонізації Поділля, а також розбудова міст на Магдебурзькому праві. Висвітлена роль польських магнатів, які залучали до відродженні старих поселень польських переселенців і створювали нові поселення як висілки існуючих міст і містечок і як окремі маєтки. Висвітлено і проаналізовано суттєвий вплив польської культури на інтенсивність розвитку малих міст Поділля у період XIV – XVII століть. Розглянуто типи міст і містечок, що виникли на тлі історичного розвитку регіону під впливом польської етнокультури та привнесення принципів забудови по типу «ідеального» міста доби Ренесансу. На прикладах малих міст Поділля XVI-XVII ст. проаналізовано їх формування під впливом містобудівної культури Речі Посполитої, результатом впливу якої були реалізовані містобудівні проекти часів Відродження на території Поділля та зростання ролі західноєвропейської архітектури і місто-формуючого процесу на українських землях, що стало одним із яскравих виявів активного входження Поділля в загальноєвропейське культурне середовище цього історичного періоду через привнесення новітніх архітектурно-планувальних технологій і будівельних технік. Визначено роль польської етнокультури у формуванні архітектурно-естетичного образ Поділля. Означено її вклад в розвиток архітектури та містобудування регіону через застосування загальноєвропейських методів архітектурного планування та техніки будівництва в архітектурно-будівельному процесі.

Thermal comfort studies have been a subject of research since the 1930s. Thermal comfort conditions which are of great importance for human health, are also important for energy. Todays due to climate changing and a decrease in energy resources, there is a change in indoor thermal comfort conditions in historic and contemporary buildings. Thermal comfort conditions are the most important factors affecting the use of buildings. So places and spaces where thermal comfort conditions aren’t good are tried to improve to optimal. The historical buildings constitute the majority of the city's building stock in addition to their original and aesthetic architectural qualities, the value for the city. From the planning to the construction process in historical buildings it is observed architectural plan schemes are shaped by considering various environmental and climatic factors such as sun and climate thus it can be said energy uses is taken into account. It is important to use historical structures and to re-function when they are not available with their original function. With re-use, the new details and additional applications that are applied can affect the thermal comfort properties of the building positively or negatively. This study focuses on the thermal comfort properties that come with the restoration of a historic building. In this context, Ali Gav Madrasah which is located in castle borders in the historical city center of Konya in Turkey and restored with a contemporary additional feature that is considered worthy of being examined in terms of thermal comfort. Thermal analysis of the reconstructed Ali Gav Madrasah, which has undergone restoration through integration based on historical documents and excavations and has a top cover made of modern materials, was carried out in August 2018 and January 2019. According to these analyzes, today's thermal conditions are inadequate for all places in Ali Gav Madrasah of thermal comfort conditions. Comments are made on the connection of this insufficient thermal comfort with the restoration/reconstruction. From this point of view, Before the restoration procedures for historical buildings, required feasibility studies and necessary solutions about buildings thermal conditions are investigated. And then architectural details should be produced for this.

The article provides a brief overview of the geometric prerequisites for the selection of architectural and planning solutions of the Crimean Tatar housing in the XVIII − XIX centuries. in the mountainous, foothill and steppe regions of the Crimea. Identified some of the geometric features of architectural and planning decisions of the organization of the Crimean Tatar housing. Over a number of epochs, the complex evolution of ethno-cultural traditions, which are based on ancient layers of the history of culture, is reflected in the architecture of the Crimean Tatars. Not the last place in such a hierarchy is occupied by questions of geometric order, in a certain way characterizes the morphology of architecture of the Crimean Tatars. The development of architecture in modern society is a rather complicated process. On the one hand, there is an obvious tendency towards universal globalization, which threatens to level national cultures. On the other hand, there is a growing tendency in the world to preserve and enhance national cultural values, to strengthen the self-awareness of each nation, to ensure the flourishing of its culture, to revive the origins of folk art and architecture. Under these conditions, it is necessary to recall the relevance of the process of reviving the Crimean-Tatar architecture. One of the constituent features of the composite organization of the Crimean Tatar housing of the XVIII − XIX centuries. in the mountainous, foothill and steppe regions of the Crimea, there is a system for applying geometric bases both in the planning organization of housing and in other aspects: orientation to the cardinal points, insolation, lighting, and the like. The purpose of the article is the establishment of geometric prerequisites for architectural planning decisions of the Crimean Tatar dwelling, and their importance for the formation of architecture in the Crimea in the 20th century . in the context of the reconstruction of the prerequisites, patterns and peculiarities of the development of the Crimean Tatar architecture. Conclusions. The study of the geometric premises of the architectural and planning organization of the Crimean Tatar housing allowed to determine that geometric prerequisites and geometric means of design and construction are important for the architectural planning organization of the Crimean Tatar housing. Geometric prerequisites include: important positions of rational use of geometric features of the relief, principles of rational geometry, which are based on natural, ethnic and extreme influences. Geometry is used: to determine spatial forms; to create forms that are considered harmonious, and accordingly for the planning of buildings and their environment in accordance with mathematical, aesthetic and sometimes religious principles; to decorate buildings with mathematical objects, such as tessellation; and to address environmental issues, such as minimizing the swirling winds at the bottom of the skyscrapers. It is proved that the formation and development of the Crimean Tatar architecture is inextricably linked with the evolution of its architectural and planning characteristics, which are directly related to the geometry. The study allowed to establish some geometric features of architectural and planning decisions of the organization of the Crimean Tatar housing in the XVIII − XIX centuries. in the mountainous, foothill and steppe regions of the Crimea.

Boomtowns are the product of unique flows of development characterized by relatively rapid population growth and land conversion, and the sudden appearance of functional and place-making fe...

The decline in the quality of the global environment has become the most popular problem in this century. One of them is caused by modern architectural planning that is not environmentally friendly. Islam has been explained in the Qur'an QS. Al Baqarah 2: 11-12 that to improve the quality of human life, it has caused damage to the earth. This research is looking for evidence from the verses contained in the Quran regarding environmentally friendly architecture and the causes of destruction for humans on earth by buildings. The results can be proven that in the Al Quran there are verses regarding the development of the function of the building as a place for human activities that are environmentally friendly and the existence of the building can be proven.

Architectural planning, engineering, and building are the major areas in the complex, process-driven, field of construction. When it comes to large housing projects in contemporary times, the speed of construction is given paramount importance. Among the emerging technologies in mass housing projects, formwork system happens to be the favourite for two reasons: completing the project in less time and obtaining good concrete finishing without change in the investment. Thanks to the phenomenal rise in building of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings and structures, formwork system is in great demand. Formwork system also owes its great demand due to record building of mega infrastructure projects such as transport infrastructure (R&B), water resources engineering works, sports buildings, stadiums, and so on. Fast-track construction largely depends on formwork system. For example, Mivan, a modern method consisting of an aluminium-based formwork system, is found widely used in the building of housing units and mass residential projects. Suitable to Indian conditions for its low maintenance feature and cost-effectiveness, it is aluminum formwork that can be tailormade to suit various requirements. This paper attempts to compare the technology cost of aluminium-based Mivan formwork with that of conventional construction formwork technology. It works on the hypothesis that Mivan technology is more cost-effective, qualitatively superior, and time-saving as compared to conventional formwork technology.

This paper presents a method that combines visibility graph and isovist analyses to investigate the spatial and social properties of architectural plans for aged care facilities. The potential of the combined method is examined by measuring the properties of three sets of plans for residential aged care facilities. The first set is a pair of hypothetical, idealized plans, which allegedly reflect the “best practice” in the industry. The second set comprises a pair of plans for recent Australian designs, and the third set is a pair of plans for South Korean facilities. Results of the computational analysis of these six plans suggest that social and cultural factors may shape the design of aged care settings and partially explain their international differences. The application of this methodological approach contributes to the understanding of the relationship between spaces and their cultural and social properties in the design of aged care facilities.

The research question addressed in this paper is as follows: how can planners create municipal-scale urban design plans? The authors analyze the San Francisco Urban Design Plan, the first comprehensive urban design plan for a major American city, as a case study to answer this question. Adopted in 1971, the plan focused on design objectives for the city and the social roles of urban design in people’s lives. It was a policy document, and included implementation techniques, but no guidance on architectural design. It was a departure from urban design planning practice at the time, which focused more on guidance for architecture and large-scale master plan models.

Many of the original buildings have gradually declined because of the development of society and the adjustment of industrial structure. Protecting the classical architecture and restoring the original luster of a building to maintain its own youth has become a hot issue in the current architectural planning. In this paper, the performance of the core idea of building conservation in the specific design and planning was discussed through the in-depth understanding of William Sumner Appleton's architectural concept in building protection planning area. Moreover, the profound influence of the idea of building conservation in building conservation was summarized. The current pace of urbanization development process is rapid, thus, many of the original buildings are severely damaged because of many factors. The concept and thought of William Sumner Appleton were re-interpreted based on the design and planning method of World Expo industrial clusters in Shanghai. This study is of great significance for the promotion of historical building protection and concrete practice in our country.

Muhsinzade’ Khan is located in Hobyar Neighborhood of Fatih (Eminonu) District in Istanbul. It is dated to the second half of the 18th century based on its waqf deed. Despite the first floor, the second floor has porticoes. The features of the facade and architectural plan of Muhsinzade’ Khan have had big changes because of the natural disasters and the repairs and renovations, which have had been as a result of intensive commercial activities in the neighborhood. The original spacial planning and organization of the building were not maintained since the walls between the rooms were demolished for creating larger rooms. Due to repairs and renovations, the level of the inner courtyard was lowered to the level of the depots. Thus, today the building has become a three story structure and lost its originality. This article aims to present a restitution study that shows and interprets the original features of the building with the help of today’s architectural features and the charter of its waqf.

This paper analyzes discussions and controversy surrounding the architecture competitions that have been part of a large-scale waterfront redevelopment plan called the Fjord City plan in Oslo, Norway. Particular attention is given to the architectural competition for the new Edvard Munch Museum. The Fjord City waterfront development plan is organized through an entrepreneurial mode of planning and with clear neoliberal underpinnings. The paper looks at how architectural competitions are used and how they function within the context of contemporary planning.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати основні тенденції у сучасній архітектурі на прикладі тимчасових літніх павільйонів художньої галереї Серпентайн, розташованої у Кенсінгтонських садах Гайд-парку у Лондоні, до створення яких протягом 2000–2018 років залучались найвідоміші архітектори з усього світу. Методи дослідження. Використано методи синтезу, порівняння, узагальнення, а також історичний підхід із залученням вивчення наукових праць провідних теоретиків історії архітектури й аналізу проектної практики. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що у статті вперше здійснено спробу проаналізувати сучасні тенденції в архітектурі виставкових павільйонів з виявленням нових підходів у архітектурному проектуванні, формоутворенні, застосуванні нових будівельних матеріалів з урахуванням стилістичних трансформацій і творчого почерку автора. Висновки. Ретроспективний огляд вісімнадцяти павільйонів галереї Серпентайн у Лондоні дозволяє виділити низку тенденцій у сучасній архітектурі. Спочатку до створення павільйонів залучалися видатні архітектори старшого покоління, переважно представники стилю деконструктивізм. Останнім часом запрошуються порівняно молоді авангардні архітектори, які поєднують у своїй творчості як технологічні інновації, так і автентичні етнічні мотиви. Окрім архітекторів у творчому процесі активну участь беруть художники, скульптори, ландшафтні дизайнери й інженери, які на час створення унікального об’єкту об’єднуються в мережеву форму організації архітектурного проектування. У формотворенні спостерігається тенденція перетікання внутрішнього простору у зовнішній, трактування споруди як арт-об’єкта. Поряд із застосуванням традиційних для павільйонного будівництва матеріалів (сталеві, дерев’яні конструкції), використовується скловолокно і полімерна плівка., The aim of the research is to analyse basic tendencies in modern architecture on the example of temporal summer pavilions of art-gallery of Serpentine, located in Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, London, into the creation of which during 2000s–2018s the best-known architects from all over the world were engaged. Research methods. The methods of synthesis, comparison, generalization, and historical approach have been used, as well as a thorough analysis of the project practice and the works of leading theorists in history of architecture. The scientific novelty is in the analysis of modern tendencies in architecture of exhibition pavilions with the discovery of new approaches in the architectural planning, formation, application of new building materials, taking into consideration stylistic transformations and creative handwriting of the author. Conclusions. The retrospective review of eighteen pavilions of Serpentine Gallery in London allows to distinguish a number of tendencies in modern architecture. At first, prominent architects of senior generation, by and large representing the style of deconstructivism, were engaged in creation of pavilions. More recently, a tendency has emerged to invite young avant-garde architects who successfully combine both technological innovations and authentic ethnic patterns in their works. Besides architects, artists, sculptors, landscape designers and engineers take part in a creative process, joining together to create a unique object. There is a notable tendency of transition from internal space into external, and interpretation of building as an object of art. Along with traditional building materials for pavilions such as steel and wooden constructions, fiberglass and polymeric foil are used.

This article views the strategy of reorganization of residential environment of first series of large scale industrial construction and town planning development of modern apartment buildings on the example of the city of Samara. The author considers construction organization, town planning solution, transport-pedestrian frame, landscape organization, functional zoning, architectural planning decision, environmental aspects and economic justification. In the article the complex approach to reconstruction is proposed. The main reconstruction principles are: building up, lifts, lettings of ground floors, people with limited mobility access, courtyard space reorganization, garages, schools and nursery schools construction. Now reconstruction of the first large scale building is the main aim of residential fund of the city renovation.

The building sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emission in urban areas. Quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint of urban buildings is needed to advance research and policy debates on building carbon emission reduction and sustainable architectural planning. This study develops a calculation methodology for carbon footprint accounting of urban buildings by taking Xiamen as a case study. Also, a scenario analysis is performed for examining emission reduction potential. It is shown that the carbon footprint of urban buildings increased from 8.95 million tons in 2005 to 13.57 million tons in 2009 in Xiamen, with an average annual growth rate of 12.87%. The carbon emissions from building material production and building energy use contributed 45% and 40% of building carbon footprint respectively. With the implementation of low-carbon strategies in building sector, such as increased energy efficiency design for new buildings and energy-saving retrofit for existing buildings, there would be a significant influence on carbon emission reduction. The growth rate of energy consumption from urban buildings would decrease 2.98% by 2020, with an energy saving of 1.66 million tce and a carbon emission reduction of 3.15 million tCO 2 e, in a low-carbon development scenario.

Creative Construction Conference, CCC 2017 -- 19 June 2017 through 22 June 2017 -- -- 137308, In construction projects architectural drawings are the main documents which show how a structure has to be built. In this sense, most of the data necessary for project management are prepared based on these drawings. Therefore, architectural drawing errors will adversely affect the constructability and hence, the time and cost of a construction project. On the other hand, although the structures are built 3D, architectural drawings are prepared 2D. This circumstance complicates the detection of drawing errors during the design phase. In other words, drawing errors are mostly encountered during the construction phase. In fact, drawing errors are risks which can be detected during the planning phase in nature. In this study, it was argued that to detect drawing errors in planning phase architectural and engineering drawings should be prepared 3D instead of 2D. In this context, drawings of an official approved hotel project were redrawn by means of BIM to determine whether there exists drawing errors. The results of the study revealed that drawings involved many errors and 3D drawings enable early detection of them. © 2017 The Authors.

The life cycle of a building begins with the planning process. The planning or pre-planning stage is when the most effective decisions are made. Both in terms of time and financial resources, changes made to certain design solutions at this stage are less costly compared to later stages of architectural design, not to mention during the construction process itself. The success of a building's architectural planning solutions, how convenient the site and the building are to use and the economical indicators of constructing the building depend mostly on decisions made during the planning stage. BIM can be used for building spatial planning. This would allow architects to assess the planned building, its influence on the environment and the influence of the environment on the building even earlier and more comprehensively. The paper proposes a model and algorithm for the planning stage of building using BIM. Creating a spatial model for a building using the proposed algorithm will produce a model for specific building and site solutions. The entirety of the solutions used in the building and site design has been considered in compliance with all of the requirements of national law and compulsory regulatory technical documents. The model can then be used for further architectural design.

Buildings primarily provide shelter and acceptable comfort for its intended occupiers and they should also provide adequate protection in case of hazards. Unfortunately, in case of seismic events it is observed that in many cases earthquakes caused considerable damage to residential and commercial buildings, public facilities and infrastructures with substantial casualties due to inadequate engineering and faulty in construction practices. In this study, a reinforced concrete residential building that collapsed in 1999 Kocaeli Turkey Earthquake (MW 7.4) is focused and investigated using current seismic code. Afterwards, building is virtually retrofitted considering architectural plan and using common retrofitting methods for satisfying current seismic code requirements. These retrofit alternatives are then evaluated from structural, cost and environmental aspects and outcomes are discussed. Since structural components that are used in retrofitting the building consumes natural resources and responsible for energy consumption, sustainability criteria should be directly included in the retrofitting requirements. Consequently, structural engineers are able to use natural resources efficiently and reduce the environmental impacts in retrofitting. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for diagramming a base camp or space for emergency workers and a staging area to be used during sorting, storing, loading, and unloading of relief goods in a humanitarian logistics base airport. Design/methodology/approach A method is developed based on a synthesis of the relevant literature and current practices of airports. This provides a means for estimating the area required for each facility and visualizes the layout of the base through an adjacency diagram and a bubble diagram. The method is applied to the Shizuoka Airport in Japan as a case study. Findings The proposed method can be used to determine the approximate size and layout of a humanitarian logistics base in an airport based on the affected population and the number of emergency workers. Research limitations/implications Airport operation regulations and mathematical models from architectural planning need to be reflected further. Practical implications The method provides potential operational improvements for policies and standards for airport operations and enables government officials and humanitarian logistics organizations to identify concerns in facilitating and managing constraints in existing airports. Originality/value This study addresses the detailed phases in a diagramming for a humanitarian logistics base airport by integrating an architectural approach and airport disaster management. The results highlight the importance of managing the flexible use of space to improve effective humanitarian logistics.

During the last decades, many destructive earthquakes occurred in Algeria, particularly in the northern part of the country (Chlef (1980), Constantine (1985), Tipaza (1989), Mascara (1994), Ain-Benian (1996), Ain Temouchent (1999), Beni Ourtilane (2000), and recently Boumerdes (2003), causing enormous losses in human lives, buildings and equipments. In order to reduce this risk and avoid serious damages to the strategic existing buildings, the authorities of the country, aware of this risk and in order to have the necessary elements that let them to know and estimate the potential losses in advance, with an acceptable error, and to take the necessary countermeasures, decided to invest into seismic upgrade, strengthening and retrofitting of those buildings. To do so, seismic vulnerability study of this category of buildings has been considered. Structural analysis is performed based on the site investigation (inspection of the building, collecting data, materials characteristics, general conditions of the building, etc.), and existing drawings (architectural plans, structural design, etc.). The aim of these seismic vulnerability studies is to develop guidelines and a methodology for rehabilitation of existing buildings. This paper presents the methodology, based on non linear and seismic analysis of existing buildings, followed in this study and summarizes the vulnerability assessment and strengthening of one of the strategic buildings according to the new Algerian code RPA 99/version 2003. As a direct application of this methodology, both, static equivalent method and non linear dynamic analysis, of composite concrete masonry existing building in the city of "CONSTANTINE", located in the east side of ALGERIA, are presented in this paper.

The urgency of creating the typology of houses on water is justified. The article examines the problem of the development of coastal areas in the Netherlands. The ways to protect areas from flooding used in the Netherlands are discussed. The basic regulatory, economic, architectural planning and engineering requirements for the design and construction in coastal areas in the Netherlands are analyzed. The examples of buildings in the coastal areas are described. The architectural planning and engineering features of the house design on water are revealed. The authors present the classification of the factors affecting the design and construction of the houses on water.

Architects began using computers to create architectural drawings in the 1960s. Since then, the development of computer-aided design (CAD) programs and, more recently, building information modeling (BIM) software in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries have changed the way architects create drawings, store information, and communicate intentions. This historical analysis will address information in the architecture industry and consider the development of CAD and BIM in the changing use of information in architecture by drawing on architectural theory and industry publications. The adoption of various computer technologies for architectural practice since the 1960s highlights how the ability to effectively manage and communicate complex information remains a central responsibility of an architect.

Getting the possibility to participate in an actual design process of a Hungarian national sports center is a unique chance to demonstrate and investigate the potential of the dynamic simulation supported building design research program. The research is based on synchronous energy simulations and architectural planning. Energetic and climatic simulations are made during the whole design process. All possible simulated building climate- and energy parameters of the planned versions are compared to each other. In this way it is possible continuously develop the energy and climate characteristic of the designed building. The goal is to reach an accurate design method to be able to predict and minimize the total energy needs of the building as early as the design stage. In the first phase of this process the simulation models of the plan variations are compared, which helps to locate the possible weaknesses of the proposed building geometry and structures or its setting method to develop he building structur...

The article discusses one of the most urgent problems of Russian cities - the lack of green areas in urban environment. In urbanization process with the growth of large cities and an increase in the population, the ecological state of the environment is transformed, and the concepts of “dwelling - environment” are also changed. One of the effective and rational steps towards solving the problem of the lack of green areas in Russian cities is the green roofs use. At the moment, there is a certain typology, as well as many different design solutions using modern building materials for the organization of green roofs. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of roof gardening in detail, also considers the existing regulatory and legal framework governing their structure. Describes the functions of normative documentation on green roofs at all building life cycle stages.

This chapter provides a formal introduction to automotive plant closings using an iconic building and manufacturing facility, the Packard Plant in Detroit, as an example. Designed by the legendary industrial architect Albert Kahn, it was famous for being the first reinforced concrete automobile factory in the USA, well known for a number of other structural innovations, and widely considered a world-class facility in its time. The factory ceased production in 1958; now, only the shell of the building remains. Using the Packard Plant as an exemplary case study, we highlight the conditions that had been developing for some time that led to its obsolescence, and we examine struggles to develop a coherent plan for the reuse of this 3.5 million-square-foot complex sprawling across 40 acres. We close the chapter by describing the abiding interest in this site, analyzing architectural plans and models for the plant that have been generated by various architecture competitions.

The old masonry buildings in India are terribly vulnerable to lateral loads especially the buildings lying in the high seismic zones of lower Himalayas. This paper deals with evaluation of the seismic performance of an old unreinforced rubble stone masonry building situated in Uttarakhand. CSIR-CBRI conducted a study on the structural soundness of “Pant Sadan,” the official residence of the Chief Justice of Uttarakhand. After a preliminary survey of the building, architectural plans of the building were developed. A finite element analysis was performed using commercially available SAP2000 software. Linear and nonlinear analysis is performed to assess the present strength of the old structure by computing different stresses in the building under earthquake load. In the modeling, it is assumed that the masonry structure is homogeneous and the material behavior is nonlinear. Subsequently, the static analysis results (stresses) are compared with the values given in masonry code (IS 1905:1987). Pushover analysis and time history analysis for Uttarkashi earthquake (1991) is also performed to assess the performance of building under a Himalayan earthquake. The analysis results show that building response is satisfactory under vertical loading and shows some weak zones for the previous seismic activities. The results of the finite element modeling will help to predict the local and global collapse mechanisms and will reduce the seismic risk by adopting the proper retrofitting strategy.

Smart Home has achieved remarkable developments over the past few decades. In the ICT(Information and Communications Technology) field, ‘app ecosystem’—a collection of multiple devices such as mobile phones and tablets, software (operating system and development tools), companies (manufacturers, carriers, app-stores, etc.) and the process through which data is transferred/shared by a user from one device to another device or by the device itself—has come into wide use since the advent of the smart phone. Due to the synergy effect of the ‘app ecosystem’, it has been applied to various fields such as televisions and automobile industries. As a result, both the Smart TV and connected vehicle have developed their own ecosystem. Although much research has been conducted on these two ecosystems, there is a lack of research regarding ‘App Ecosystem based Smart Home’ (AESH). This research focuses on the building scenarios based on ‘Tracking, Analyzing, Imaging, Deciding, and Acting (T.A.I.D.A), a future prediction method process. Rather than taking an approach from the perspective of providing and applying advanced technology for research on building future scenarios, this paper focuses on research from the perspective of architectural planning. As a result, two future scenarios of AESH are suggested.

Design und Build-Vergaben sind fur Bauherren insbesondere dann interessant, wenn kurze Ausfuhrungsfristen fur die Fertigstellung und Inbetriebnahme von Gebauden realisiert werden mussen und die Bauvorhaben einen erhohten Komplexitatsgrad aufweisen. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen entscheiden sich Bauherren des Ofteren dafur, getrennte Planungs-, Vergabe- und Ausfuhrungsablaufe mit den erforderlichen Schnittstellenkoordinationen aus Effizienzgrunden in einem Paket zu vergeben. Beim Neubau einer dreistockigen Messwarte mit angeschlossenen Laborgebaude fur eine neue Produktionsanlage von Toluoldiisocyanat (TDI) am Standort Ludwigshafen hat die BASF SE daher die HOCHTIEF Building GmbH mit einem Design und Build-Projekt beauftragt. Die Planung wurde dabei federfuhrend durch die Abteilung Consult IKS Energy der HOCHTIEF Engineering GmbH am Standort Frankfurt durchgefuhrt. Die Planung umfasste dabei teilweise die Entwurfs- und Genehmigungsplanung sowie die vollstandige Ausfuhrungsplanung fur alle bautechnisch erforderlichen Planungsgewerke, angefangen von der Objektplanung uber die Tragwerksplanung und Fassadenplanung bis hin zu bauphysikalischen Nachweisen und der TGA- und Laborplanung. Daruber hinaus musste der auf einer Pfahlgrundung in Massivbauweise errichtete Gebaudekomplex druckwellenfest ausgelegt werden. Bei der Gebaudeauslegung und Planung waren fur den Notfall zusatzlich Anforderungen zur Gasdichtheit inklusive einer gebaudeinternen Atemluftversorgung zu berucksichtigen. Design-and-Build Project: Design and construction of a control room with laboratory Design and build contracts are of particular interest for clients if tight schedule requirements for the completion and commissioning of buildings have to be considered and the projects have a high level of complexity. With these preconditions clients rather decide to award separate planning, procurement and construction processes with all necessary interface coordination to one contractor for reasons of efficiency. BASF SE has awarded a design and build contract to HOCHTIEF Building GmbH for a three-storey control room building with laboratory for a new production plant of toluoldiisocyanat (TDI) at the main BASF site in Ludwighafen, Germany. The planning was performed by the department Consult IKS Energy of the HOCHTIEF Engineering GmbH in Frankfurt. The scope of planning included partially the design engineering and the approval planning as well as the full detail planning for all disciplines (architectural planning, structural and facade engineering, building physics, HVAC engineering and laboratory planning). Furthermore, the reinforced concrete structure built on a pile foundation had to be designed blast wave resistant. In addition the requirement for gas tightness had to be considered in the building design, including the execution of an internal air supply in the case of emergency.

Because hotels contain the cultural and artistic information of an era and plays a role as an iconic building to experience the unique regional culture, they are more than just a building. In recent years, as Jeju is emerging as a popular tourist city, a multi-functional and systematic plan for hotels is needed. Therefore, this study provides basic design data for hotel construction in the future by analyzing the public space of the luxury tourist hotels on Seogwipo-si. The public space of hotels, divided into service, food and beverage, banquet, leisure and convenience space, are categorized in terms of the cross combination type, entrance space form, plan type, unit space form to understand their relativity in the public space of hotels. This study reviewed the hotel construction based on the reference and literature, and, visited the sites to determine the current general status of hotels and then analyzed the architectural planning factors and spatial composition types.

The purpose of this research is to propose architectural planning methods for rainwater usage by applying 'Biomimcry', the imitation of lessons learned from nature. Rainwater usage related case studies that show biomimetic properties were analyzed and methods that activated the architecture were examined. This research has been carried out through the following process. First, the outline of case study analysis was formed based on theoretical studies related to biomimcry and rainwater usage, and research on how water is being utilized in nature. The total of 27 rainwater usage case studies demonstrated the implementation of rainwater during the initial stage of architectural planning. The properties of biomimetic application were analyzed, and cases were classified by evaluating the relevance of biomimetic qualities. Moreover, each case was examined on how biomimetic properties are applied in order to suggest a direction on applying biomimicry methods for rainwater usage planning in buildings in the future. Suggested biomimicry methods can be divided into macro and micro levels based on the range of application and the scale of applied mechanisms learned from nature. The result of this study will help architects who are interested in getting ideas or guidance for planning buildings that use rainwater.

This study aims to explore a room for improvement for future townhouse development in Jeju, especially in terms of architectural planning and design. For this purpose, 14 Jeju townhouse cases built before or proposed after 2014 were scrutinized to find out current problems commonly disclosed. The notable shortcomings were summarized as follows: the lack of 'guesthouse' concept, poor guidelines for community space planning, inadequate establishment of communal estate management system and finally the lack of versatile plan to accommodate various types of resident groups. At the end, it is suggested to establish 1) institutional criteria for promoting the desirable townhouse development in Jeju and 2) short-term rotating tenancy system enabling residents to move easily to another tenancy of their favorite area. Concurrently, the use of local resources is recommended in order to incorporate low-energy consuming design concept for future sustainability.

The main purpose of the paper is describing the origins as well as characterizing the architectural design of hospitals built in Europe before World War II. The authors have made an attempt to point out the concepts represented by common design patterns which have been positively verified over the last decades. However, most attention has been focused on facilities contributing to the general architectural landscape of contemporary urban structures.

The political changes in Poland after 1989 have resulted in a whole range of dynamic processes including the transformation of space. Until that time the established institutional framework for spatial, urban and architectural planning policy was based on uniform provisions of the so-called planned economy. The same applied to the training of architects, which was based on a unified profile of education provided at the state's technical universities. The effects of the political system change are reaching far beyond the political and economic arenas. The existing urban planning tools lost their value because of factors such as liberalization of regulations and scale of investments. Poland witnessed the phenomena of suburbanization and the uncontrolled transformation of space. In addition to legislative action, education is the tool that can improve this situation, especially in the field of spatial development. The article discusses education in the field of architecture as an important tool that could improve the existing state of uncontrolled transformation of landscape and spatial disorder in the built environment. The analysis is based on examples of different fields where architectural education takes place and affects the future form of the built environment. The articles ask question about architectural education: What are the hopes placed on it, what are the already visible effects and the expectations of the long-term effects? This analysis focuses on a number of aspects of architectural education: the fields for education of future architects and the lifelong learning of architects already active in the market. There is also a need to mention the importance of the architectural education of future recipients of architecture, namely children and young people involved in different actions on the national and local level.

Purpose: The definition and factors of passive design being the sustainable method of building plan through the preceding research is deducted and the effect of passive design within the public library by applying the deducted factors in the case of built public libraries and further the realization plan of green library aimed to be reviewed in this research. Method: This study is to induce common elements of architecture plan for public library and passive design, and assess application level of re-classified elements of sustainable public library in order to analyze present condition of passive design applied on facilities of public library. First, related laws and planning standards of public library will be reviewed, then the definition of passive design will be considered using advanced research. Through advanced research related to planing elements and passive design for library induced from various plans for library standards, a common ground of induced passive design element will be transformed into assessment items and practices to be analyzed. Result: Libraries which are and are not preliminarily certified by G-SEED will be compared with each other in order to analyze the effects of passive design on G-SEED. Even though various passive elements such as load reduction of air conditioning and energy efficiency exist, there are no assessment tool within G-SEED. The fact that there are only standards for temporary methods such as utilization of construction material and installation of equipment highlights the challenges in quantitative evaluation.

This study is about the architectural activities of royal architectural bureau of Yiwangjik during the period of Japanese occupation. The activity of royal architectural bureau of Yiwangjik is composed of the building construction and building repair. In the building repair activities, that is maintenance management, most of annual budget were planned for shrine and housing facilities, and the rest were planned for administration facilities and public parks such as Changgyeongwon and Deoksugung. The main building construction activities were the reconstruction of Changdeokgung Naejeon in 1918-1920, the construction of tokyo residence in 1927-1930, and the construction of Deoksugung palace art museum in 1936-1937.

In the article features are exposed and the methodical going is certain near organization and realization of the elementary training of future architects to the professionally-oriented computer technologies on basis CAD Allplan. The reference thematic structure of the specialized educational course is offered.

An increase of single and/or two-people households with decrease on typical three or four people households (which was defined as sizes for nuclear family) has led to varieties in family formations and lifestyles. It is not just a reduction on number of family members but generates several issues. Apartment, which has been the typical contemporary housing type in Korea, have a difficulty to satisfy emerging demands of various residents, due to standardized unit plans and mass supplies. Based on remodeling cycles of apartments, it becomes a time period that requires a significant number of remodeling on degraded apartments. Recently, as an alternative, development of urban small housing has been encouraged in national level as a solution to meet increasing needs of small housings and increasing needs for improving living environments in degraded residential areas. Years of consistent massive volume of housing supply policies, which was to ease the housing problem by quantitative way, was pointed out to be a leading problem of providing poor living environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an architectural planning guideline for degraded apartment remodeling that able to accommodate need of residents with variety of lifestyles and ensure better residential environment. In this paper, we first determine the changes in life styles of residents and public housings through the statistical data analysis then investigate architectural planning method for apartment remodeling in terms of low-fertility and aging population.

The purpose of this study was to reinterpret the structures of Sungnyemun and Paldalmun through the analysis of the royal ritual. Both buildings were gates of the main cities in the Joseon dynasty which was used as a ruling place by the king in the late 18th century. For this alter of use, it turned out that Sungnyemun utilized its existing structure but had limitations while on the other hand, Paldalmun was thoroughly planned from the start on top of earlier experiences. The results of the analysis are as follows; firstly, as a result of differences in the circulation systems Sungnyemun used the lower floor as the ruling place while Paldamun used the upper floor, secondly, the opening size of the upper floor of Paldalmun was influenced by both Sungnyemun and Donhwamun. This enabled the lower floor to be uninfluenced by the king and led to reinforcing the offensive functions in frontal parapets of Paldalmun. Thirdly, Paldalmun gained the center alignment between the outer stairway and the side entrance. Fourthly, the inner staircase of Paldalmun was made under the principles of confucian and practicalism. Fifthly, the knee-brace-type-beam structure was adapted by most of multi-floored gates because of its usefulness of installing the inner staircase. Lastly, while the exterior model of Paldalmun can be defined as Sungnyemun, the model building that influenced the interior space planning is assumed to be Donhwamun.