1,354,246 results
Search Results
302. Evaluation of thermal comfort and air permeability properties of Lyocell blended drapery fabrics
- Author
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Karakan Günaydın, Gizem, Çeven, Erhan Kenan, and Çeven, Nejla
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
303. Structure analysis of double comb about jet spinning machine based on CFD
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Haifeng, Fang, Zhang, Jun, Sun, Hanlin, and Cai, Lihua
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- 2024
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304. Optimization design of custom pattern based on microclimate heat transfer
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Zhang, Yijie, Guo, Ziyi, Wei, Jiangang, and Li, Yijun
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- 2024
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305. Nonlinear observer-based impedance control of a fully-actuated hexarotor for accurate aerial physical interaction
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Wang, Chang, Jiao, Ran, and Zhang, Jianhua
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- 2024
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306. Real-time collision detection based on external torque mutation suppression and time series analysis
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Zhang, Tianyi, Luo, Haowu, Liu, Ning, Min, Feiyan, Liang, Zhixin, and Wang, Gao
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- 2024
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307. Multi-robot navigation based on velocity obstacle prediction in dynamic crowded environments
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Chen, Yimei, Wang, Yixin, Li, Baoquan, and Kamiya, Tohru
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- 2024
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308. The role of neuromorphic and biomimetic sensors
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Bogue, Rob
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
309. Attitude oscillation suppression control of a XK-I spherical robot
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Lin, Rui, Wang, Qiguan, Yang, Xin, and Huo, Jianwen
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
310. Design and optimization of lower limb exoskeleton based on multi-axis knee joint
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Yun, Jintian, Zhang, Deqiang, Cui, Weisheng, Li, Shuai, and Miao, Guan
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
311. Qualitative properties and approximate solutions of thermostat fractional dynamics system via a nonsingular kernel operator
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Ayari, M. Iadh and Thabet, Sabri T.M.
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- 2024
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312. Classical solutions for the generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equations
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Georgiev, Svetlin, Boukarou, Aissa, Bouhali, Keltoum, and Zennir, Khaled
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
313. Structure theorem for Jordan algebra bundles
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Kumar, Ranjitha
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
314. An analog of Titchmarsh's theorem for the Laguerre–Bessel transform
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Rakhimi, Larbi and Daher, Radouan
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
315. 3D composite printing: study of carbon fiber incorporation to different construction thermoplastic matrices in regard to dilatation characteristics
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Dvorak, Karel, Zarybnicka, Lucie, Ševčík, Radek, Vopalensky, Michal, and Adamkova, Irena
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
316. A novel design model of flow channel paths for additive manufacturing
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Li, Dongfei, Wang, Hongtao, and Dai, Ning
- Published
- 2024
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317. Multi-objective optimization of parts construction direction by scaling-enumeration method in L-PBF process
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Zhao, Xi and Wang, Tong
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
318. Original article: fermented pulp and paper bio-sludge as feed for black soldier fly larvae
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Robert Norgren, Anders Jonsson, and Olof Björkqvist
- Subjects
Pulp mill ,Larva ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Bioconversion ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Pulp (paper) ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Nutrient ,Dry weight ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Fermentation ,Food science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study evaluates the use of fermentation to increase nutrient availability in pulp and paper bio-sludge (PPBS) as feed for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Rearing of BSFL on fermented PPBS was carried out in a climate chamber in order to assess nutrient availability and larvae survival and growth. The PPBS used came from a chemo-thermomechanical pulp/groundwood pulp mill. The PPBS was fermented at 35 °C and 55 °C, respectively, at initial pH of 10. The effects of sediment and liquid from fermented PPBS on larvae dry weight, survival rate until the prepupae stage, bioconversion, and reduction rate of PPBS were measured. The bioconversion of the liquids (4.1–6.6%) was substantially higher than for both the sediments and untreated PPBS (≤ 0.4%). The survival rate, on the other hand, was substantially lower (26.3–30.9 %) than for the sediments and untreated PPBS (49.5–52.6%). Neither the sediments nor the liquids had significant effects on the larvae weight or on the PPBS reduction rate. The sediments had no significant effect on the survival rate or the bioconversion. This study demonstrates that fermentation dissolves a part of the PPBS and that dissolved substances in the fermentation liquid readily convert to larvae biomass. However, the bulk of the lignocellulose is not dissolved, and most of PPBS nutrients remain unavailable for growth of the larvae. Further research should focus on improved pretreatment of PPBS to increase availability of nutrients and thereby improve the feasibility of BSFL as a recycling method for PPBS.
- Published
- 2021
319. Removal of Heavy Metals using the Isolates of Aspergillus sp. Isolated from Contaminated Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge
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M. Ezhilvanan S. F. Lesley Sounderraj and Nancy Lesley
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Aspergillus ,biology ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Paper mill ,Heavy metals ,engineering.material ,Contamination ,business ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
320. Camellia oleifera shell as a potential agricultural by-product for paper production
- Author
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Wenhua Gao, Zhihui Lei, Luyao Huang, and Zhiwei Wang
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Environmental Engineering ,Softwood ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,Camellia oleifera ,food and beverages ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,engineering ,Lignin ,Hemicellulose ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Steam explosion - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a potential biorefinery process to realize the high utilization of Camellia oleifera shell (COS), which is an agricultural by-product mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Before treatment by steam explosion, the COS was impregnated with water, 3.0 wt% NaOH solution, or 3.0 wt% H2SO4 solution. The morphological structure and chemical composition of the steam-exploded COS pulp were investigated. The results indicated that the impregnation treatments increased the cellulose content of the steam-exploded COS pulp and decreased the hemicellulose and lignin content. The morphology of steam-exploded COS fiber was short, coarse and stiff. Hydrophobic and colorful handsheets were fabricated by mixing proportional bleached softwood fiber. This study demonstrated that COS was a potential material for the papermaking industry, and the combination of water impregnation and steam explosion treatment for COS was a good pulp process.
- Published
- 2021
321. Copper on chitosan-modified cellulose filter paper as an efficient dip catalyst for ATRP of MMA
- Author
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Saeed Tavangar, Mojtaba Mahyari, Elham Feiz, and Hamid Reza Ghaieni
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inorganic chemicals ,Materials science ,Science ,Dispersity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Nanoscience and technology ,Cellulose ,Methyl methacrylate ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Filter paper ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Copper ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polymerization ,Medicine ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Achieving an efficient catalyst in the ATRP system with a simple design, preparation from available materials, and high recyclability is a significant challenging issue. To attain the goal, herein, we used chitosan (CS)-modified cellulose filter paper (FP) as a green support for the synthesis of dip catalyst. The preparation of this catalyst involved surface treatment of the FP strips by CS coating through a dipping method, which increased the affinity of the substrate for adsorbing copper ions in the next step. The Cu@CS-FP catalyst was prepared without the requirement of any ligands. The synthesized dip-catalyst, in the form of the strips, was employed for the first time in the ATRP reaction of methyl methacrylate to assay catalytic activity. Catalytic insertion/ removal (ON/OFF) experiments were carried out during the polymerization. A reasonable control over the molecular weight with high conversion (68%) and polydispersity index of 1.32 under mild reaction conditions were obtained. Significantly, because of the facile separation of the catalyst, the amount of copper that remained in the polymer was very low (2.7 ppm). Also, the recyclability of the catalyst was investigated for five runs. The conversion in the final run was 64% without a loss of catalyst efficiency.
- Published
- 2021
322. 8th International Conference on Material Science and Smart Materials (MSSM) - Selected Papers
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Mohamad Ramadan, Abdul Ghani Olabi, Mohamad Ramadan, and Abdul Ghani Olabi
- Subjects
- Building, Building materials, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental engineering, Highway engineering, Industrial engineering, Mechanical engineering, Physics, Railroad engineering, Science, Technology--Environmental aspects
- Abstract
Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Materials Science and Smart Materials (MSSM 2022)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Materials Science and Smart Materials (MSSM 2022), July 11-13, 2022, London, United Kingdom
- Published
- 2023
323. The Effect of Production of Paper and Paper Products and Gross National Product on Electricity Consumption
- Author
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AKAY, Özlem
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gross domestic product ,Mühendislik ,lcsh:S ,consumption of electricity ,lcsh:S1-972 ,paper and paper products ,panel data ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Engineering ,Consumption of electricity,Gross domestic product,Paper and paper products,Panel data ,lcsh:Technology (General) ,lcsh:T1-995 ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Elektrik tüketimi,Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla,Kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri,Panel veri - Abstract
Energy isan important in put for economic and industrial development and anindispensable production input for the continuation of the production process.In a very large part of economic and social life, electrical energy is widelyused because of its easy usage and other advantages. The aim of this study isto investigate the effect of the production of paper and paper products and thegross national product, which is an indicator of economic growth, on theconsumption of electricity by panel data analysis. For this purpose, a paneldata set was established for 20 OECD countries between 2006 and 2016 fromEurostat and Wordbank. Cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity andautocorrelation assumptions were tested for the model and deviations from theassumptions were observed. Parameters were estimated using the Driscoll-Kraayestimators, which are resistant to these deviations. As a result of theanalysis, it was found that an increase of 1% in the production of paper andpaper products increased the electrical energy consumption by 0.22%, the increaseof 1% in the per capita gross domestic product increased approximately 0.62% inelectricity consumption., Enerji,ekonomik ve endüstriyel kalkınma için önemli ve üretim sürecinin devamı içinvazgeçilmez bir üretim girdisidir. Kolay kullanım ve diğer avantajlarısebebiyle ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamın oldukça geniş bir bölümünde yaygın olarakelektrik enerjisinden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kağıt ve kağıtürünleri üretimi ve ekonomik büyümenin bir göstergesi olan gayri safi millihasılanın elektrik enerjisi tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi ileincelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Eurostat ve Wordbank’tan elde edilen2006-2016 yılları arasında 20 OECD ülkesi için panel veri seti oluşturulmuştur.Model için yatay kesit bağımlılığı, değişen varyans ve otokorelasyonvarsayımları sınanmış ve varsayımlardan sapma olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sapmalaradirençli Driscoll-Kraay tahmin edici kullanılarak parametreler tahminedilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri üretiminde meydana gelecek%1’lik bir artış elektrik enerjisi tüketimini %0.22 oranında, kişi başıgayri safi milli hasıladaki %1’lik bir artışın ise elektrik tüketimindeyaklaşık olarak %0.62 dolayında arttırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
- Published
- 2019
324. Study on technology of greaseproof paper for dry food packaging
- Author
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Van Son Cao, Thanh Tu Do, Thi Quynh Hoa Le, and Thi Thu Nguyet Do
- Subjects
Food packaging ,Engineering ,business.industry ,business ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
This paper presents the research results that established the main technological conditions in the production of greaseproof paper, used as the packaging of dry food as the proportion of pulp types, the degree of the beating of pulp, the use of chemicals and oil and greaseproof resistant agent to the properties of the paper on a laboratory scale. At the same time, experimental production and technology conditions were regulated on a 3 ton/day capacity line. The paper quality produced is equivalent to the imported paper products of the same type which is consumed in the market: basis weight: 42.5 g/m2; tensile breaking length: MD (Machine Direction): 7,520 m, CD (Cross Direction): 3,740 m; tear index: MD: 6.8 mN.m2/g, CD: 5.4 mN.m2/g; burst index: 5.6 kPa.m2/g; Cobb60: 17.2 g/m2; KIT rating: 8; ensuring food safety and hygiene.
- Published
- 2021
325. Virtual analyzer of extractive content in Eucalyptus wood based on hybrid modeling approach for the pulp and paper industry
- Author
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Brenda Novais Viana and Karen Valverde Pontes
- Subjects
040101 forestry ,0106 biological sciences ,Spectrum analyzer ,Forest inventory ,Pulp (paper) ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Eucalyptus ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Wood processing ,010608 biotechnology ,Content (measure theory) ,Principal component analysis ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science - Abstract
This paper is aimed to develop a hybrid model (PCA-ANN) to predict the extractive content in eucalyptus wood clones. The input variables to the virtual analyzer are planting parameters available from the forest inventory, therefore the prediction does not rely on laboratory analysis of the wood samples, affording a quick estimate of the extractive contents. This study further bridges the literature gap on the investigation of the cause of variability of extractive content in eucalyptus wood. The PCA-ANN was identified from experimental data to predict and monitor the extractive content, since laboratory measurements can take several days and become available only after wood processing. The experimental data contained information on ten species of eucalyptus clones from five regions in the extreme south of Bahia, Brazil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) firstly assessed the impact of planting variables on the extractives content. The variability of the data was represented by eight principal components and the variables that mostly contribute to the extractive content are: potential acidity, iron, saturation of aluminum, magnesium, pH, base saturation, remaining phosphorus, zinc, manganese and copper. The artificial neural network (ANN) with the 8 principal components in the input layer showed that the PCA could effectively reduce the dimensionality of the data. For practical purposes, though, the ANN with 10 input variables and 16 neurons in the hidden layer, presenting an average relative deviation of 1.5%, is recommended. The prediction of the extractive content is essential to allow preventive management practices toward the improvement of yield and quality of the cellulosic pulp.
- Published
- 2021
326. New approach for selecting a suitable recycling collection program for recovered paper and pulp recyclables using AHP-TOPSIS techniques
- Author
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Omer A. Bafail and Reda M. S. Abdulaal
- Subjects
Solid waste management ,Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,Analytic hierarchy process ,TOPSIS ,engineering.material ,Solid Waste ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,Pollution ,Manufacturing engineering ,Decision Support Techniques ,Refuse Disposal ,Waste Management ,engineering ,Recycling ,Cities ,Decision analysis - Abstract
In the past decade, the use of multiple-criteria decision analysis technology has dramatically increased in solving complex real-world problems in solid waste management. Likewise, many municipalities have paid attention to finding feasible solutions for disposal and recycling of solid waste due to the increase in waste generation rates worldwide. Therefore, policy-makers must determine which recycling program to be implemented among various recycling program options. In this paper, a new approach to select a recycling program for recovered paper and pulp recyclables was proposed using analytic hierarchy process–Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS) techniques. A set of essential parameters of the decision-making system were identified, and a numerical case to illustrate the procedure was conducted. Our findings show very encouraging results to use a combined model between AHP and TOPSIS to select a suitable recycling program for different recovered recyclable materials.
- Published
- 2021
327. Preparation of a novel poly (ether ether ketone) self-reinforced paper appropriate for harsh conditions
- Author
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Jiacheng Zhang, Chunhui Xiang, Guibin Wang, Shengdao Wang, Yanchao Yang, Jiannan Ren, Xin Cong, Zhenxiang Yu, Xuzhao Gai, and Jiashuang Luan
- Subjects
Chemical resistance ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Composite number ,engineering.material ,Aramid ,Mechanics of Materials ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,Peek ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,Composite material ,Polyimide - Abstract
It remains a challenge to prepare special engineering paper with excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance and chemical resistance. The emergence of high-performance fiber provides support for the technical progress of special engineering paper. Herein, a novel method to obtain a novel self-reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composite paper (SR-DI-PEEK/paper) by vacuum filtration, impregnation and hot pressing. Specially, PEEK fibers were used as the skeleton fiber and a small amount of aramid pulp was added as the decanted fiber. By optimizing the process of SR-DI-PEEK/paper preparation, the best mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was presented. Compared with the composite paper prepared with Phenolic solution (PF-PEEK/paper) and Polyimide solution (PI-PEEK/paper), the mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was significantly improved. In particular, when the concentration of impregnation was 3 wt%, the tensile index of SR-DI-PEEK/paper reached 51.10 N m g−1 (tensile strength 47.16 kN m−1), which is 16.48 times than that of the un-impregnated PEEK/paper (2.86 kN m−1). SR-DI-PEEK/paper also exhibited excellent chemical resistance among acid, alkali, and polar solvents, while the tensile index maintained 96.3% after 40 wt% H2SO4 treatment. Besides, SR-DI-PEEK/paper showed superior thermal performance, while the temperatures corresponding to the weight loss of 5% were 574 °C.
- Published
- 2021
328. Processes and problems of pulp and paper industry: an overview
- Author
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Chhavi Sharma and Puneet Pathak
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Engineering ,business.industry ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,business ,Pulp and paper industry ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is a highly energy-intensive and water-consuming industry. This industry is known for the utilization of a wide range of raw materials, containing cellulose fibers (generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues), for the production of various grades of paper. There are several processes involved in the conversion of raw materials to the paper product such as raw material preparation, pulping, pulp washing and screening, bleaching, stock preparation, papermaking and chemical recovery. All the processes are facing issues regarding process efficiency, product quality, energy & water consumption, and cost and environment. There is a need for further improvement and upgrading the technologies but the scale of operations, technological obsolesce and cost of implementing new technologies are some of the major issues. The main thrust areas of pulp and paper processing require major interventions in the adoption of green and clean technologies.
- Published
- 2021
329. Using plant extractives as eco-friendly pulp additives: Mechanical and antifungal properties of paper sheets made from linen fibers
- Author
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Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Wael A. A. Abo Elgat, Yahia G. D. Fares, Ayman S. Taha, and Said I. Behiry
- Subjects
Antifungal ,Control treatment ,Environmental Engineering ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Aspergillus niger ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Eucalyptus ,Eucalyptus camaldulensis ,Ultimate tensile strength ,medicine ,engineering ,Fusarium culmorum ,Food science ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
In this study, extractives from Pinus rigida heartwood (PRW), Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa aerial parts (ECL), and Eucalyptus flower buds (ECF) were used as additives in paper sheets produced from the pulp of linen fibers, and their effects on the mechanical and antifungal properties of the paper sheets were studied. The highest tensile and tear indices were 31.5 Nm/g, and 17.3 mNm2/g as pulp treated with PRW (4%), and ECL (1%), respectively. All the pulp additives yielded lower burst index values compared to the control (2.24 KPa.m2/g); the nearest value was 2.23 KPa.m2/g (ECL 4% pulp additive). The brightness percentages (ISO%) ranged from 65.7% to 70.2%, which were lower than the control treatment (70.3%). The paper sheets produced from pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, and with 4% ECL suppressed Aspergillus niger growth on the paper disc; pulp treated with 2% or 4% PRW, 4% ECL, and with 2% or 4% ECF completely suppressed A. terreus growth. However, all pulp extract additives did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium culmorum.
- Published
- 2021
330. Multi-response Characteristics Optimization of a Paper-based Composite using Taguchi Method and Particle Swarm Optimization
- Author
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Rizca Tri Wulandari, Phengky Pangestu, Ekty Nabilah, Eko Pujiyanto, and Azizah Hadny Qurrota Ayun
- Subjects
business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Composite number ,Particle swarm optimization ,Structural engineering ,engineering.material ,Taguchi methods ,Flexural strength ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,Orthogonal array ,business ,GLUE ,Mathematics - Abstract
Our dependency towards wood has reduced the number of forests especially in Indonesia. Hence, many people tried to use another material as a replacement of wood. One of them is composite. Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret has developed paper-based composite using newspaper waste in Praktikum Perancangan Teknik Industri (PPTI) II. Unfortunately, the quality of composite is not so good. This paper tried to understand the effect of factors to responses and discover the best combination of factors to obtain the best responses. The responses of this experiment are tensile strength, bending strength and impact value. The factors of this experiment are paper pulp, PVAc glue and water. Taguchi method is used to find the appropriate orthogonal array and Particle Swarm Optimization method to find the optimum combination of the factors. Orthogonal array used in this experiment is L9 (34). Through analysis, all of the factors are significant to tensile and bending strength, but they are not significant to impact value. The best combination of factors is 175 grams paper pulp, 130 grams PVAc glue and 175 ml water. Optimum results obtained for tensile strength is 0.7595 N/mm2, bending strength is 4.873 N/mm2 and impact value is 0.0138 J/mm2.
- Published
- 2021
331. Prospects for Paper Sludge in Magnesium Phosphate Cement: Composite Board Properties and Techno-Economic Analysis
- Author
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Stephen Amiandamhen, Johann F. Görgens, Luvuyo Tyhoda, and Anderson Chimphango
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Cement ,Magnesium phosphate ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Silica fume ,Central composite design ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Pulp (paper) ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,010608 biotechnology ,Fly ash ,visual_art ,Newsprint ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing paper sludge (PS) as feedstock in the production of composite boards that are lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. PS samples were collected from recycled newsprint (RN), corrugated recycled (CR) and virgin pulp (VP) pulping mills in South Africa. The PS was dried and mixed with magnesium phosphate cement to produce boards in a central composite design. Three different fillers including fly ash, calcium carbonate and silica fume were also added to the mix as binder replacement. The PS was characterized before use, and the produced composite board was evaluated for mechanical and physical properties. The boards produced had medium to high density (0.52—1.12 g/cm3) that could be used for non-structural interior applications. The results showed that boards containing RN had the highest mean value for modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 769 MPa. The mean MOE for boards containing CR- and VP-PS was 357 and 411 MPa, respectively. Calcium carbonate had the best effect on the board properties. Techno-economic analysis was simulated for four different types of feedstock scenarios at different locations including a combined scenario. Sensitivity analysis revealed that decreased feedstock cost resulted in decreased minimum required selling price. The analysis also revealed that the combined scenario proved to be the most cost-effective and profitable option for the future.
- Published
- 2021
332. Resource efficiency improvement: zero waste discharge planning in a pulp-and-paper firm under uncertainties
- Author
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Raymond R. Tan, Shiou-Yun Jeng, Chun-Wei Lin, Korbkul Jantarakolica, and Ming-Lang Tseng
- Subjects
Waste management ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Pulp (paper) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Zero waste ,Resource efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,Discharge planning ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing - Abstract
PurposeThis study develops an integrated zero waste discharge planning approach for improving resource efficiency in a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of this study are to (1) identify the environmental, technical and social metrics in resource efficiency; (2) utilize fuzzy multi-objective programming and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the fuzzy problem; and (3) develop an assessment for resource efficiency improvement in an industrial case study.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate the superiority of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm in generating optimal results for a pulp-and-paper manufacturing firm.Originality/valueResource efficiency is a multi-objective problem in an uncertain environment. In particular, zero waste discharge planning involves minimizing the total cost and maximizing the waste material recovery rate, wastewater reuse, and waste heat recovery.
- Published
- 2021
333. Co-digestion of industrial recycled pulp and paper sludge with vinasse wastewater: experimental and theoretical study
- Author
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A. Zguani, A. Hammadi, H. El Bari, Fadoua Karouach, and Mohammed Bakraoui
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Alkalinity ,Vinasse ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Wastewater ,Bioenergy ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mesophile - Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge from recycled pulp and paper industry (RPPS) with vinasse effluent from alcohol distilleries (VW) was performed under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) at laboratory scale, using one-liter continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). The physicochemical parameters were monitored during the process. The average pH and alkalinity were 7.7 and 1000 mg CaCO3 Kg−1, respectively, indicating that the process is working well without the risk of acidification. The methane yield and biodegradability of this mixture were determined. The methane yield was about 112 (NmL CH4 g−1 VS added) and biodegradability reached 73%. Nevertheless, in monodigestion of RPPS, the methane yield was 94 (NmL CH4 g−1 VS added) and biodegradability 65%. The anaerobic co-digestion of (RPPS) with (VW) at a proportion of (70:30) improved methane production by 16% and biodegradability by 11%. Bioenergy recovery from industrial (RPPS) is promoted by co-digestion with (VW), and the removal efficiency of 73% indicates the performance of the process adopted. A kinetic study was performed using five models Richards, modified Gompertz, Logistic, Cone, and first order. The results show that Richards' was the most appropriate model for adjusting methane production from (RPPS) and (VW) co-digestion.
- Published
- 2021
334. Challenges faced by small enterprises in Bangladesh: the case of JNA Pulp paper business
- Author
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Meshbaul Hassan Chowdhury, Niza Talukder, Jashim Uddin Ahmed, and Asma Ahmed
- Subjects
Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Business ,engineering.material ,Industrial organization - Abstract
This practitioner paper presents the case of a small paper business named JNA Pulp, initiated with the vision to provide high-quality imported paper to the market. The paper discusses several hurdl...
- Published
- 2021
335. Decreasing of water absorptiveness of paper by coating nanofibrillated cellulose films
- Author
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Tijana Lazić, Jovana Milanovic, Ivona Častvan-Janković, Mirjana Kostic, Milena Milosevic, and Irena Živković
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Optical properties ,Water absorptiveness ,engineering.material ,TEMPO-oxidized cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Cellulose ,Contact angle ,Surface morphology ,Nanofibrillated cellulose films - Abstract
Nanofibrillated films based on TEMPO-oxidized cotton linters were applied to reduce the hydrophilic properties of paper. For this purpose, aqueous dispersions of nanofibrillated cellulose of different composition: 1 and 3% of nanofibrillated cellulose, up to 13% of CaCO3 and/or Al(OH)3, up to 20% of propane-1,2-diol (glycol), and up to 21% of TEMPO-oxidized cotton linters were coated on the model paper, without additional adhesive. The pristine model paper and papers coated with nanofibrillated cellulose-based composite films were characterized in terms of water absorptiveness by COBB method and water drop contact angle measurements. The surface appearance was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface chemistry by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR). Additionally, optical properties, i.e. measurement of reflection curves and CIE degrees of whiteness, were determined according to appropriate standards. For all papers coated with nanofibrillated cellulose-based films, depending on the composition of the dispersions, a decrease in sorption properties was achieved, without changes in optical properties and surface morphology of the paper compared to the pristine paper.
- Published
- 2021
336. Data Protection by Design: Promises and Perils in Crossing the Rubicon Between Law and Engineering
- Author
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Rommetveit, K., Tanas, A., van Dijk, N., Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Sakarovitch, Jacques, Series Editor, Goedicke, Michael, Series Editor, Tatnall, Arthur, Series Editor, Neuhold, Erich J., Series Editor, Pras, Aiko, Series Editor, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Series Editor, Pries-Heje, Jan, Series Editor, Whitehouse, Diane, Series Editor, Reis, Ricardo, Series Editor, Furnell, Steven, Series Editor, Furbach, Ulrich, Series Editor, Winckler, Marco, Series Editor, Rauterberg, Matthias, Series Editor, Hansen, Marit, editor, Kosta, Eleni, editor, Nai-Fovino, Igor, editor, and Fischer-Hübner, Simone, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
337. Globalization of Science and Engineering Research: A Companion to the Science and Engineering Indicators 2010. NSB-10-3
- Author
-
National Science Foundation
- Abstract
As part of its mandate from Congress, the National Science Board oversees the collection of a very broad set of quantitative information about U.S. science, engineering and technology, and every 2 years publishes the data and trends in its "Science and Engineering Indicators" ("Indicators") report. On occasion, the data reveal trends that raise important policy concerns that the Board believes should be brought to the attention of the President, Congress, and the public as a "companion" policy statement to the "Indicators" report. Data presented in "Science and Engineering Indicators 2010" (NSB-10-01) illuminate trends and directions in global science and technology. The U.S. has long been a world leader in S&E (science and engineering) research and high-technology industry, but comparative international data in "Indicators 2010" underscore the sometimes rapidly growing competitiveness of other economies in these important areas. While increased global S&E research capacity holds great promise for the advancement of scientific knowledge and collaboration in science and engineering across international borders, the U.S. government must be attentive to developments in S&E capacity around the world, and take proactive steps to maintain this nation's competitive strength. In this companion piece to "Indicators 2010, Globalization of Science and Engineering Research", the National Science Board examines currently available data and trends and recommends the following Federal actions: (1) To ensure that the U.S. remains a world leader in S&E research, the National Science Foundation--the only non-mission-oriented Federal agency that funds S&E research--should assess its two merit review criteria for funding of S&E research to ensure that the criteria encourage the proposing and support of truly transformative research, and should modify the criteria and/or merit review process if the assessment finds modifications necessary to accomplish this goal; (2) The Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President, through the National Science and Technology Council mechanism, should engage all Federal agencies involved with S&E research to: (a) develop means to assess or continue to assess the quality of their agency's supported research against international activities, and (b) identify and as appropriate make adjustments necessary to ensure that their agency's research is world-leading; and (3) The Office of Science and Technology Policy should call for a President's Council on Innovation and Competitiveness as described in the COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Act. Issues for discussion would include: (a) relationships between U.S. and foreign-supported R&D to ensure continued vitality and growth of U.S. technical strength, (b) safeguarding national interests in intellectual property, (c) ensuring that the U.S. economy benefits from R&D supported abroad, and (d) assessing critical research areas for which the U.S. should be the global R&D leader. (Contains 5 figures and 1 table.) [For the related reports, see "Key Science and Engineering Indicators: 2010 Digest" (ED514059) and "Science and Engineering Indicators 2010" (ED514060).]
- Published
- 2010
338. Advanced Technology and Prospect of the Ink-jet Printing (I) : Ink Characteristics and Ink-jet Paper
- Author
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Yong-Kyu Lee and Kyoung-Mo Jeong
- Subjects
Coated paper ,Offset (computer science) ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Emerging technologies ,Image quality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Coating ,Media Technology ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Quality (business) ,Process engineering ,business ,Inkjet printing ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,media_common - Abstract
The aim of this review is to introduce the information concerning advanced technology of ink-jet printing regarding characteristics and ink-jet paper. It is believed that ink-jet paper having suitable liquid absorption characteristics and drying techniques are required to improve image quality on high-speed inkjet printing. Although the development of high quality ink-jet paper is important, the demand or the dual-purpose coated paper that can be used with offset and ink-jet printing is expected to increase for the time being. Meanwhile, it is important to get cost down and raise the productivity of the inkjet paper to secure competitiveness comparable to that of offset coated paper. For those objectives we think that the development of new technologies is required for pigment development, composition design of the coating ingredients, and rheological characteristics analysis of coating colors.
- Published
- 2020
339. Reactivity of cellulose-containing materials in technologies of artificial fibers and pulp and paper production
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Paper production ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,engineering.material ,Cellulose ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Анализ результатов многочисленных исследований показывает, что регулирование свойств волокнистых полуфабрикатов, а также стабильность качества бумаги и картона возможны при условии учёта специфики процессов структурообразования в дисперсных системах, дисперсионной средой в которых является вода или её растворы на каждом этапе в многоступенчатых системах переработки целлюлозосодержащих материалов. В результате исключения изтеоретических основ технологии и практики целлюлозно-бумажного производства понятия об индивидуальности природных волокон целлюлозы, предназначенной для производства бумаги, все исследования физико-химических свойств целлюлозы производились на образцах целлюлозы, предназначенной для дальнейшей химической переработки. При этом представления о гидрофильности волокон гидратцеллюлозы были перенесены и на волокна природной целлюлозы. В связи с этим отрицалась мозаичность поверхности растительных волокон и, следовательно, исключалась возможность реализации гидрофобных взаимодействий в системе «целлюлоза-вода». Характер и степень изменения параметров взаимодействия волокон с образованием фазовых связок в структуре волокон и между волокнами в листе бумаги рассматривает физико-химическая механика дисперсных систем, а выявленные закономерности учитываются в методах золь-гель технологии модифицирования поверхности волокон целлюлозы. Обобщение научно-технической информации на основе единого подхода к проблеме структурообразования в системе «целлюлоза-вода», базирующегося на представлениях физико-химической механики дисперсных систем и физико-химии полимеров, показало, что данные вопросы требуют тщательного и углубленного изучения с целью регулирования и достижения требуемых свойств целлюлозосодержащих материалов. Analysis of the results of numerous studies shows that the regulation of the properties and stability of the quality of paper and cardboard is possible subject to the specifics of the processes of structure formation in dispersed systems, the dispersion medium in which is water or its solutions, at each stage in multi-stage systems for processing cellulose-containing materials. As a result of excluding the concept of the individuality of natural cellulose fibers intended for paper production from the theoretical foundations of pulp and paper production technology and practice, all studies of the physical and chemical properties of cellulose were performed on samples of cellulose intended for further chemical processing. At the same time, ideas about the hydrophilicity of hydrate cellulose fibers were transferred to natural cellulose fibers. In this regard, the mosaic surface of plant fibers was denied and, consequently, the possibility of hydrophobic interactions in the «cellulose-water» system was excluded. The nature and degree of changes in the parameters of the interaction of fibers with the formation of phase bonds in the structure of fibers andbetween fibers in a sheet of paper is considered only by physical and chemical mechanics, and the revealed regularities are taken into account in the methods of Sol-gel technology for modifying the surface of cellulose fibers. Generalization of scientific and technical information based on a unified approach to the problem of structure formation in the "cellulose-water" system, based on the concepts of physical and chemical mechanics of dispersed systems and physical chemistry of polymers, showed that these issues require careful and in-depth study in order to regulate and achieve the required properties of cellulose-containing materials.
- Published
- 2020
340. CONFERENCE TIME IN THE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES. PART 1: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AND PROCEEDINGS (CONFERENCE) PAPER
- Author
-
KOLESNYKOVA, Tetiana O.
- Subjects
Engineering ,publication activity ,conference proceeding ,business.industry ,library and information science ,proceedings paper ,Library science ,virtual conference ,hybrid conference ,business ,conference paper ,Information science ,university library - Abstract
Objective. This study aims 1) to acquire new information on alternative conference formats, including in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS), which have arisen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on physical communication; 2) to clarify the role of such a communication channel as Conference proceedings within the scientific ecosystem, as well as the concepts "proceedings paper" and "conference paper".Methods. Examining the new conference formats and special features of the Conference proceedings involved the content from the web-sites of international conferences in the field of LIS and related sciences, the analysis of subject-specific papers and data from the bibliographic and abstract databases such as Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS).Results. It has been proven that over the year 2020 the online and hybrid events have become an alternative format of physical conferences. It has been confirmed that the Conference proceedings from the influential international conferences refer to the types of publications categorized as "high-quality papers". The peculiarity of LIS university researchers is that, in addition to studying problems focused only on the library activities, there is a need to conduct research into various subjects that are major for their institutions. Conference proceedings can be published as a book (a series of books), in a journal, or as a serial publication. Papers from them may be indexed by WoS (as "proceedings paper") and/or by Scopus (as "conference paper"); however, the impact factors of the publications themselves are not available in these databases.Conclusions. In the year 2020, the new pandemic reality, representing a circumstance of irresistible force, stimulated the flourishing of creative and technological solutions for online conferences. For international conferences, it is mandatory to publish the materials presented by their participants. Proceedings paper (conference paper) in journals are similar to standard journal articles in their structure but they have a less rigorous review process, they are published faster at a lower scientific impact (citation level).
- Published
- 2020
341. TEXTURE OF PAPER WITH THE ADDITION OF CELLULOSE PULP FROM THE BARK OF MULBERRY BRANCHES
- Author
-
Mansur Mekhridinovich Abdunazarov, Ikrom Ibrokhim ugli Ismoilov, Zulfiya Kamilovna Galimova, and Khalima Abishevna Babakhanova
- Subjects
Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Sorption ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,Cotton paper ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Bark ,Wetting ,Texture (crystalline) ,Absorption (chemistry) - Abstract
The article to study the texture of paper, in the composition of which the cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branches bark is added, studies the paper’s absorbency and sorption properties. The absorbency of the paper was determined by the volume of water absorbed by the paper surface while wetting one side of the test sample. It was found that the addition of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark to the cotton paper pulp contributes to the strengthening of the structure which is confirmed by the values of mechanical strength and surface absorbency during one-side wetting with water. To study the physical structure of a paper sheet water vapor sorption was investigated in a high-vacuum sorption plant with mercury valves and quartz balances. On the basis of S-shaped sorption isotherms it is determined that the paper sample where the composition contains only cellulose pulp from the inner layer of the mulberry branches bark has the highest sorption properties which indicates the presence of disordered amorphous areas where the accessibility for water molecules is higher. It has been established that in order to obtain paper the structure of which ensured selective absorption of low-molecular fluid it is enough to add 10–20% of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branches bark to the paper pulp; and further addition will result in misalignment of the paint contour during printing due to significant deformation of paper size.
- Published
- 2020
342. Effect of nanofibrillated cellulose made from enzyme-pretreated bamboo pulp on paper strength
- Author
-
Su Ho Kim, Hae Min Jo, Ji-Young Lee, and Yeon Hui Lee
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Nanocellulose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Kraft process ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,Hardwood ,biology.protein ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
The applicability of bleached bamboo kraft pulp (Ba-BKP) was explored as a raw material for the manufacture of nanofibrillated cellulose (EN-NFC) made of enzyme-pretreated pulps and the effects of the EN-NFC on enhancing paper strength. The Ba-BKP was pretreated using an endo-glucanase enzyme at 50 °C and pH 6, after which the EN-NFC was made by micro-grinding. Bleached hardwood kraft pulp (Hw-BKP) was used as a control, and the non-enzymatic refining pretreatment of BKPs was compared with the enzyme pretreatment. The EN-NFC was incorporated into handsheets, and the sheet strengths were measured. The physical properties of the NFC made from the Ba-BKP were similar to those made from the Hw-BKP. The NFC prepared following enzyme pretreatment were smaller and more uniform than those pretreated with refining. The EN-NFC made from the Ba-BKP was effective at enhancing tensile index by 52.7%, and burst index by 210.2% when 2% of EN-NFC was added in the furnish, and those of handsheets containing the EN-NFC made from Hw-BKP showed the similar improvement. Therefore, Ba-BKP can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of EN-NFC that confers similar physical properties and strength enhancement to paper as those made from Hw-BKP.
- Published
- 2020
343. Valorization of Wheat Straw for the Paper Industry: Pre-extraction of Reducing Sugars and Its Effect on Pulping and Papermaking Properties
- Author
-
Gyanesh Joshi, Shuank Malik, Praveen Kumar Gupta, Ashish Sharma, and Vikas Rana
- Subjects
business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Papermaking ,food and beverages ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pre extraction ,Article ,Renewable energy ,stomatognathic diseases ,Chemistry ,stomatognathic system ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Cleaner production ,business ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Cleaner production of sugars and pulp from renewable feedstocks has captured significant scientific attention in the recent past because they can be used for various end applications. In the papermaking industry, a major fraction of hemicellulosic sugars is lost during the pulping. The present study aims at retrieving these hemicellulosic sugars through alkali-, hot-water-, and acid-mediated extraction prior to pulping, which otherwise would have been lost during pulping and washing of pulp. These retrieved sugars can be used as feedstocks for renewable energy and value-added products. Different pretreatments were applied, aided with varying temperature, chemical concentrations, and time. Substantial amounts of total reducing sugars (TRSs) up to 21.98, 13.2, and 15.01% were extracted prior to pulping by acid, alkali, and hot-water pretreatments. Compositions of mono sugars present in the treated liquor were also characterized and confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The morphological changes in the wheat straw after pre-extraction were studied using the field emission gun scanning electron microscopy technique. Pulping of untreated and pretreated wheat straw was carried out at different alkali charges (12, 14, and 16% NaOH). Among all, acid-pretreated straw showed an increase in pulp yield by 10.9% at a 16% alkali charge. Physical strength properties of different pulps were further examined. Alkali- and hot-water-pretreated straw pulp retained 94.26 and 83.16% tensile indices and 92.43 and 87.02% burst indices, respectively. An increase in tear index up to 4.32, 2.01, and 2.30% for alkali-, hot-water-, and acid-pretreated straw pulp was achieved, respectively. Hot-water- and alkali-pretreated wheat straw was observed to be conducive for paper production. The integrated use of wheat straw for extraction of underutilized sugars and pulp production in this way may serve as a key stepping stone for future biorefinery designs in pulp and paper mills.
- Published
- 2020
344. Cellulose Pulp from Mulberry Branch Bark for the Paper Industry
- Subjects
Lint ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Grinding ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,SILK ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Bast fibre ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,Bark ,Cellulose ,Mathematics - Abstract
Uzbekistan is bare of forests and it takes the fifth place in the world in terms of cotton production, and the third place in terms of silk production after China and India. According to the government program the expansion of the land area for mulberry plantations boosts the growth of silk production causing an increase in the total amount of wastes, i.e. branches of mulberry trees industrially useless after the removal of leaves. Their use as a raw material for the cellulose pulp production is relevant, since it is aimed at solving not only the resource, but also the environmental problem. The bark was cut off from the mulberry branches and soaked in water for some time after which its exterior hard layer was scraped off and divided into the rough exterior layer and the softer inner layer. The inner layer was boiled for several hours. The boiled bast, after washing with water, was grinded in a laboratory grinding machine under the following conditions: mass concentration – 1 %, temperature – 22 °С. A given amount of lint cotton cellulose (grinding degree – 45 °SR) was added to the grinded bast. Paper molds with the mass of 80 g/m2 were obtained in laboratory conditions using a sheet-making apparatus. It was found out that the obtained paper that contains cotton cellulose pulp and inner layer of mulberry branch bark has low whiteness which depends on whiteness of the added fibers. It has been established that adding the cellulose pulp of the inner layer of mulberry branch bark at a grinding degree of 30 °SR contributes to the production of strong paper. It is recommended to add up to 30 % of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark to paper pulp as further addition adversely affects the paper whiteness.For citation: Babakhanova Kh.A., Galimova Z.K., Abdunazarov M.M., Ismailov I.I. Cellulose Pulp from Mulberry Branch Bark for the Paper Industry. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 5, pp. 193–200. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-193-200
- Published
- 2020
345. Starch-based nanospheres modified filter paper for o/w emulsions separation and contaminants removal
- Author
-
Pixin Wang, Kun Xu, Ying Tan, Yungang Bai, Xiaopeng Pei, Baichao Zhang, Yinchuan Wang, Fan Zhang, Kankan Zhai, and Chao Wang
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Starch ,Portable water purification ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,Biochemistry ,Water Purification ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Structural Biology ,Superhydrophilicity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Filter paper ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Environmentally friendly ,Separation process ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,engineering ,Emulsions ,0210 nano-technology ,Filtration ,Nanospheres - Abstract
There is a pressing need around the world to develop novel functional biodegradable materials to separate oil/water mixtures and emulsions completely. Recently, superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity materials have been attracted attention due to their high efficiency in oil/water separation. However, it is still a challenge to prepare materials that combine oil/water separation and water purification in an environment-friendly way. In this work, biodegradable starch-based nanospheres (SNPs) coated filter paper was prepared in a low-cost, simple, and environmentally friendly manner. The SNPs coating could not only help to change the wettability of the substrate material but also build the hierarchical micro and nano structures which are conducive to separation and purification process. After modification by coating SNPs, the filter paper exhibited excellent performance in a wide range of oil/water mixtures or emulsions separation and the wettability of the filter paper could be regulated by adjusting the pH value. The modified filter paper presented good recyclability after several separation process. Furthermore, the as-prepared filter paper could also remove water-soluble contaminants during the oil/water separation process, thus realizing to combine separation and purification process in one single step. This biodegradable starch-based separating material with good separation performance, stability and recyclability has significant application potential in practical separation and purification process.
- Published
- 2020
346. A review on cationic starch and nanocellulose as paper coating components
- Author
-
Artur J.M. Valente, António P. Mendes de Sousa, Paulo Ferreira, Mohit Sharma, Roberto Aguado, and Dina Murtinho
- Subjects
Paper ,Flocculation ,Materials science ,Starch ,Context (language use) ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Biochemistry ,Nanocellulose ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Structural Biology ,Cationic starch ,Cellulose ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Paper coating ,0303 health sciences ,Printing quality ,Papermaking ,Cellulose nanocrystals ,Cationic polymerization ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Nanostructures ,chemistry ,engineering ,Cellulose nanofibrils ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Starch and derivatives thereof have proven their usefulness in paper coating processes. Among these derivatives, cationic starch has been widely used in the paper industry as a flocculation, dispersion and ink fixing agent. In another context, nanoscale cellulosic materials have been shown to improve the strength, retention of fillers, the barrier properties of packaging paper products, and printing qualities. This review summarizes the recent studies on the general components used in paper coating, describes the conventional and alternative synthetic processes of cationic starches and nanocellulose, and deals with their current and potential applications in papermaking, focusing primarily on surface treatments. Moreover, environmental applications have been considered to expand the understanding and usefulness of these materials. Further research on modified polysaccharides is encouraged to replace, in a feasible way, petro-based components of coating formulations, and to provide paper surfaces with new properties.
- Published
- 2020
347. TOGA feature selection and the prediction of mechanical properties of paper from the Raman spectra of unrefined pulp
- Author
-
Zahra Poursorkh, Najmeh Tavassoli, Edward R. Grant, and Paul Alexandre Bicho
- Subjects
Discrete wavelet transform ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Pulp (paper) ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Feature selection ,02 engineering and technology ,Limiting ,engineering.material ,Covariance ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,engineering ,symbols ,Process control ,Paper Makers ,0210 nano-technology ,Process engineering ,business ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Process-monitoring laboratories in the pulp and paper industry generally use a combination of wet chemical analyses and physical measurements to certify the fitness of a production pulp for a specific end-use. These laboratory tests require time and the effort of trained personnel, limiting their utility for real-time process control. Here we show that Raman probes of unrefined cellulosic pulps, well-suited to the online measurement of in-process materials, can predict the quality attributes of manufactured papers. The accuracy of prediction improves when the covariance is modelled in a reduced measurement space selected by a data-driven, feature-selection technique referred to as a Template Oriented Genetic Algorithm (TOGA). TOGA, combined with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), isolates functional-group features that correlate best with mechanical properties paper derived from refined pulp. Paper makers refine market pulps to build sheet strength using a beating process that decreases freeness as it increases fibre-fibre bonding. Methods demonstrated here predict manufactured sheet properties obtainable after any specified degree of refining from the Raman spectrum of an unrefined pulp. This analysis capacity will enable both vendors of market pulp and makers of sheet paper to specify in advance the amount of beating required to produce a desired product, thereby saving cost and conserving resources.
- Published
- 2020
348. An Overview on Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process and its Waste Treatment
- Author
-
Aravind. G, Harimuthiah. S, S.Sangeetha Gandhi, Arshiya. C, A.Ajay Arokiyaraj, and T.A. Saufishan
- Subjects
Waste treatment ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,engineering.material ,business ,Pulp and paper industry ,Paper manufacturing - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry has a great impact in the world. It has been manufactured for ages and ages, it is still booming up as industry in small scale and large scale levels. Despite the fact that they produce printing and writing papers, paper rolls, packaging material etc. they also produce large amount of waste materials from their Industry by Manufacturing. This when left untreated leads to environmental pollution, harsh contamination and so on. As every industry has its own waste water treatment methods to recycle, reuse and reduce pollution. This Industry also has its own criteria to carry out the process of waste water treatment, yet it lags in being efficient in it. By the sources collected and compared with other kinds of industries it is listed that pulp and paper manufacturing industry is one of the top most industries to produce large volumes of waste water which has degradable organics at higher level. Hence this paper aims to study the manufacturing process, waste water components released and its effect on environment, the treatment methods carried out and how it can be improvised efficiently in forthcoming days
- Published
- 2020
349. USE OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE IN PAPER INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
- Author
-
Mansur Mekhridinovich Abdunazarov, Zulfija Kamilovna Galimova, and Khalima Abishevna Babakhanova
- Subjects
Paper sheet ,Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Sorption ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Grinding ,Biomaterials ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,engineering ,Pharmaceutical waste ,Cellulose ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Porosity - Abstract
The article gives the consideration to the properties of paper with the addition of pulp mass from the waste of the pharmaceutical industry, namely licorice root after removing extraction. Licorice roots were dried to air-dry state after extraction, cleaned of wastes and cut into fragments 10–30 mm long, then subjected to pulping with 2–4% NaOH solution at a hydro module 1 : 5, at a temperature of 95–98 °С for 60–90 minutes. After washing with hot water, they are bleached in an alkaline medium with a solution of hydrogen peroxide at a consumption of 3–4% of the mass of absolutely dry cellulose, hydro module 1: 5, temperature 70–95 °C for 60–90 minutes. After washing, grinding to a gristing degree of ~60°ShR, prepared castings weighting 80–90 g/m2 on a leaf-casting mashine. Physical, mechanical and optical properties of experimental castings are determined. Revealed that the addition of malt mass of the cotton contributes to the formation of dense orderly structures of the paper sheet, as short fibers of licorice filled the gaps between the long fibers of cotton pulp, thereby reducing the pore volume and reactive surface availability and receipt paper with the highest mechanical strength. Adding malt mass to cotton mass at a ratio of 10 : 2 is optimal, further replenishment contributes to an increase in sorption absorption, that is, to obtain paper with a porous structure, which is not desirable for high-quality reproduction.
- Published
- 2020
350. Micro-nanofibrillated cellulose preparation from bleached softwood pulp using chemo-refining approach and its evaluation as strength enhancer for paper properties
- Author
-
Puneet Pathak, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and Varun Kumar
- Subjects
Softwood ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Sodium ,Sodium chlorite ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hardwood ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Cellulose ,Pulp (paper) ,Papermaking ,Cell Biology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
An industry compatible chemo-refining approach was tested for preparation of micro-nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) from bleached softwood pulp using sodium meta-periodate and sodium chlorite as oxidizers followed by refining in Valley beater. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed micro-nano scale fibrillation and chemical functional group modification in laboratory prepared MNFC, respectively. The water retention value, carboxyl content and viscosity of MNFC were found comparable with imported NFC as reference (R-NFC). To evaluate MNFC as strength enhancer for paper properties, 5% MNFC addition to bleached mixed hardwood pulp showed 6% reduction in bulk with 36%, 24% and 97% increment in breaking length, burst index and double fold of the handsheets, respectively without affecting tear index and optical properties than the control. Surface properties were also improved. Pulp drainability (37°SR) after MNFC addition was found suitable for papermaking. These laboratory results confirmed the potential of MNFC as a suitable strength additive for paper quality improvement.
- Published
- 2020
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