16 results on '"Gils, Hans Christian"'
Search Results
2. Interaction of hydrogen infrastructures with other sector coupling options towards a zero-emission energy system in Germany
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Gardian, Hedda, and Schmugge, Jens
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REMix ,integrated energy systems ,optimisation ,energy system modelling ,hydrogen ,sector coupling - Published
- 2021
3. BEHAVIOUR-DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING DECISIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON DEMAND RESPONSE FLEXIBILITY FOR THE INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN GERMANY
- Author
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Wulff, Niklas, Steck, Felix, van den Adel, Bent, Hoyer-Klick, Carsten, Gils, Hans Christian, and Anderson, John Erik
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charging ,flexibility ,energy system modelling ,Energiesystemanalyse ,battery electric vehicles ,energy systems ,charging behaviour ,optimization ,energy system analysis ,behaviour ,electric vehicles - Abstract
The expected increase in battery electric vehicles poses both, opportunities and risks for the decarbonisation of future power systems. While electric mobility may technically serve as a source of flexibility, it increases the overall power demand and may as well increase the demand for power in peak load hours. While electric mobility in national and continental scale energy system optimization is often treated in an aggregated fleet, user behaviour and charging decisions play a crucial role in the availability of vehicles' batteries for balancing electric load and renewable energy feed-in. Michaelis, Gnann & Klingler (2018) find that reduction of peak load and RE surplus electricity stemming from plug-in vehicles in Germany may be as high as 2.2 GW and 1.8 TWh respectively for 2030. However, they assume constant charging stations' power of 3.7 kW that seem conservative. Also, the authors don't explicitly describe to what effect user behaviour limits vehicle charging. By linking the modular energy system optimization model REMix with the vehicle stock model VECTOR21 and the charging decision simulation tool CURRENT, we aim to determine a more realistic demand response potential for future electric vehicles compared to previous studies. All three models are developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and have been applied and validated in different project contexts. We for the first time integrate hourly profiles determined by individual charging decisions as input for an energy system optimization model. We determine the reduction potential of peak load, renewable energy (RE) curtailment as well as RE capacity expansion for the different cases of controlled charging versus uncontrolled charging for Germany for 2030. Thus, we provide both methodological and quantitative insights into the effects of coupling power and transport sector that are of value to the scientific discussion.
- Published
- 2019
4. Consideration of disruptive elements in energy system models - Findings from the RegMex project
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Gils, Hans Christian
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energy system modelling ,optimization ,disruption ,innovation - Published
- 2018
5. Model experiment on comparative modelling of Germany's electricity supply in 2050
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Gils, Hans Christian and Pregger, Thomas
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REMix ,sector integration ,energy system modelling ,model experiment ,sector coupling - Published
- 2018
6. Improvement of model-based energy systems analysis through model comparison and speed-up
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Cao, Karl-Kiên, and Wetzel, Manuel
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REMix ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,energy system modelling ,model experiment ,linear programming - Published
- 2018
7. Energy sector integration - opportunities and challenges arising from an electrification of heating and transport sectors
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Gils, Hans Christian
- Subjects
sector integration ,REMix ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,MuSeKo ,energy system modelling ,Energy sector integration ,Sektorenkopplung ,energy scenarios ,sector coupling - Published
- 2018
8. Targeting a 100% renewable energy system: The Cases of Brazil and the Canary Islands
- Author
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Simon, Sonja, Gils, Hans Christian, and Fichter, Tobias
- Subjects
REMix ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Normative energy scenario ,Energy system modelling ,Canary Islands ,Renewable Energy ,MESAP-PlaNet ,Brazil - Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the development of normative energy scenarios. The focus is on cross-sectoral transformation pathways towards a completely renewable energy supply. By using the REMix energy model, which is temporal and spatially highly resolved, the least-cost power supply structure is assessed. The model also calculates additional storage and grid capacity necessary for the target year 2050. By analyzing the interactions of different technologies and sectors we provide a basis for the backcasting of a transformation pathway. This is carried out by a simulation model within the MESAP-PlaNet environment, covering the heat, transport & power sectors. We present and compare feasible transformation pathways towards a 100% renewable energy supply for two case studies, the Canary Islands and Brazil.
- Published
- 2017
9. Potential contribution of advanced district heating and electric heat pumps to the integration of renewable power generation in Europe
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian
- Subjects
Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,energy system modelling ,heat pumps ,CHP ,thermal energy storage ,district heating - Published
- 2016
10. Methods to improve computing times in linear energy system optimisation models – (first) lessons learnt from the BEAM-ME project
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Gils, Hans Christian, Cao, Karl-Kiên, and Cebulla, Felix
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energy system modelling - Published
- 2016
11. Ausgleich fluktuierender erneuerbarer Stromerzeugung durch Lastmanagement und thermische Energiespeicher
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian and Thess, André (Prof. Dr. rer. nat.)
- Subjects
Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,333.7 ,Erneuerbare Energien ,Demand Response ,Thermische Energiespeicher ,Erneuerbare Energien , Wärmespeicher , Elektrizitätsbedarf , Fernwärmeversorgung ,Thermal Energy Storage ,Demand Side Management ,Lastmanagement , Energiesystemmodellierung ,Demand Response , Thermal Energy Storage , Renewable Energy , Energy System Modelling , District Heating ,Energy System Modelling ,Lastmanagement ,Renewable Energy ,Energiesystemmodellierung - Abstract
Balancing of intermittent renewable power generation from wind and solar energy is one of the central challenges within the energy system transformation towards a more sustainable supply. This work addresses the potential role of flexible electric loads and power-controlled operation of combined heat and power (CHP) plants in meeting increasing balancing needs in Germany. It conducts an enhancement of the cross-sectoral REMix model, which is designed for the preparation and assessment of energy supply scenarios based on a system representation in high spatial and temporal resolution. The analysis is composed of three fundamental parts. The first part is dedicated to the quantification of theoretical potentials for demand response (DR), district heating (DH) and industrial CHP in Europe. Special attention is given to the geographic distribution of potentials, as well as the derivation of hourly heat and electricity demand profiles. In the second part, the linear optimization model within REMix is extended by DR and the heating sector, enabling economic assessments of the balancing function of flexible electric loads and power-controlled heat supply. In the third part, REMix is applied to assess the future energy supply in Germany, making use of the model enhancements and identified potentials. In order to account for different renewable energy (RE) and grid capacity development paths, as well as transport and heat sector structures, nine scenarios are considered. For each scenario, least-cost dimensioning and operation of DR capacities, as well as heat supply systems are evaluated. According to the REMix results, the application of DR is mostly limited to short time peak shaving of the residual load. This implies that its focus is on the provision of power, not energy. As a consequence of different cost structures, the exploitation of available DR potentials is attributed almost exclusively to industrial and commercial sector loads, whereas those in the residential sector are hardly accessed. The model results indicate that the temporal availability of DR potentials, as well as their characteristic intervention and shift times are particularly suited for a combination with PV power generation. In the simulations, power-controlled heat supply has proven to be an effective measure to increase RE integration. It is achieved by a modified operation pattern of CHP and - to a lower extent - heat pumps (HP) enabled by thermal energy storage (TES) on the one hand, and an utilization of surplus power for heating purposes on the other. Due to the greater potential and thus longer storage times of TES, as well as the comparatively low investment costs of electric boilers, an enhanced coupling between power and heat sector is found to be especially favorable in combination with wind power utilization. Load shifting across all sectors provides substantial amounts of positive balancing power, which can substitute other firm generation capacity. The highest load reduction is achieved by controlled electric vehicle charging, lower contributions come from adjusted HP operation and other DR. As a consequence of higher RE integration, load shifting and power-controlled heat supply can contribute substantially to CO2 emission reductions in Germany. However, this is only the case if the additional balancing potentials are not applied as well for an economically motivated shift in power generation from low-emitting to high-emitting fuels. Furthermore, load flexibility and enhanced power-heat-coupling can enable energy supply cost reductions, arising from the substitution of back-up power plant capacity on the one hand, and a more cost-efficient power and heat supply on the other. The model application reveals that electric load shifting and power-controlled CHP operation are not competing but complementary measures in the realization of higher RE integration and lower back-up capacity demand. Negative interferences between both balancing options are found to be very small. On the contrary, they even promote each other, for example in the reduction of RE curtailments. Based on the REMix results it can be concluded that both DR and power-controlled heat supply enabled by TES are important elements in a future German energy system mainly relying on renewable sources., Der Ausgleich der fluktuierenden Stromerzeugung aus Wind- und Solarkraftwerken stellt eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der Energiewende dar. In dieser Arbeit werden die möglichen Beiträge des Lastmanagements (LM) und des stromgeführten Betriebs von Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungs-Anlagen (KWK) zur Deckung des zukünftigen Lastausgleichsbedarfs in Deutschland untersucht. Die Analyse basiert auf einer Erweiterung des sektorenübergreifenden Energiesystemmodells REMix, welches die Bewertung von Versorgungssystemen in hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung ermöglicht. Die Analyse erfolgt in drei wesentlichen Schritten. Der erste Teil der Arbeit ist der Bewertung der theoretischen Einsatzpotenziale des LM, sowie der netzgebundenen und industriellen KWK gewidmet. Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der räumlichen Verteilung der Potenziale und der Ableitung stündlicher Wärme- und Strombedarfsprofile. Im zweiten Teil erfolgt eine Erweiterung des Optimierungsmodells in REMix um LM und den Wärmesektor. Diese ermöglicht eine ökonomische Bewertung der verschiedenen Lastausgleichsoptionen. Im dritten Teil wird das erweiterte REMix-Modell auf eine Untersuchung der zukünftigen Energieversorgung Deutschlands angewendet. Dabei werden neun Szenarien in Betracht gezogen, die sich im Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien (EE), Speichern und Stromnetzen, sowie den Versorgungsstrukturen im Wärme- und Verkehrssektor unterscheiden. Für jedes Szenario erfolgt eine kostenminimierende Optimierung des Ausbaus und Einsatzes der verschiedenen Lastausgleichsoptionen. Die REMix-Ergebnisse zeigen, dass LM in erster Linie zur Senkung der residualen Spitzenlast eingesetzt wird; der Fokus liegt folglich auf der Bereitstellung von Leistung, nicht von Arbeit. Aus der angenommenen Kostenstruktur ergibt sich, dass sich die Ausschöpfung der Potenziale nahezu aus-schließlich auf die Industrie und den Gewerbesektor beschränkt, während jene in den Haushalten ungenutzt bleiben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit flexibler Lasten und deren typische Verschiebedauern besonders für eine Kombination mit Photovoltaikstrom geeignet sind. Stromgeführte Wärmeerzeugung erweist sich als eine wirkungsvolle Maßnahme der EE-Integration. Diese wird einerseits durch einen dem EE-Dargebot angepassten Betrieb von KWK und Wärmepumpen mit thermischem Speicher, und andererseits durch die Nutzung von Überschussstrom zur Wärmeerzeugung bewirkt. Aufgrund der längeren Speicherdauern und größeren Einsatzpotenziale thermischer Speicher und der geringen Investitionskosten elektrischer Kessel erscheint eine verbesserte Kopplung zwischen Strom- und Wärmesektor vor allem in Regionen hoher Windenergienutzung zielführend. Über alle Sektoren hinweg kann Strombedarfsflexibilität für die Bereitstellung positiver Ausgleichsleistung genutzt werden und somit die Vorhaltung von Kraftwerken ersetzen. Die höchste Bedarfsreduktion ergibt sich dabei durch das gesteuerte Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen, bei geringeren Beiträgen durch einen angepassten Wärmepumpenbetrieb sowie weiteres LM. Durch die Vermeidung der Abregelung von EE-Anlagen können LM und stromgeführter KWK-Betrieb einen Beitrag zur Senkung der CO2-Emissionen leisten. Dies gilt jedoch nur wenn sie nicht vorwiegend für eine Steigerung der Stromerzeugung aus günstigeren, aber kohlenstoffintensiven Brennstoffen genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus können die zusätzlichen Lastausgleichstechnologien durch einen geringeren Bedarf an Reservekraftwerken, sowie günstigere Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung auch die Energieversorgungskosten senken. Die REMix-Fallstudie zeigt, dass sich LM und stromgeführte KWK in der Erwirkung einer höheren EE-Integration und der Reduktion des Kraftwerksbedarfs ergänzen. Gegenseitige Beeinträchtigungen zwischen beiden Lastausgleichsoptionen sind gering; vielmehr begünstigen sie einander sogar z.B. hinsichtlich der Vermeidung von EE-Abregelung. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass LM und eine verbesserte Kopplung zwischen Strom- und Wärmesektor wichtige Elemente einer überwiegend auf erneuerbaren Quellen basierenden Energieversorgung Deutschlands sind.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. High-detail energy system modelling to support VRE technology representation in IAMs
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Scholz, Yvonne, and Pietzcker, Robert Carl
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Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Energy System Modelling ,Power System Integration ,Integrated Assessment Modelling ,Variable Renewable Energy - Abstract
In order to model variable renewable energy (VRE) integration into the power system, Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) need aggregated information on VRE availability and balancing requirements. We present exemplary applications of the high resolution energy system model REMix designed to support the representation of VRE technologies and integration costs in IAMs.
- Published
- 2015
13. Commercialization of hydrogen energy in Baden-Württemberg – Framework and perspectives
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Bünger, Ulrich, Michalski, Jan, Zerhusen, Jan, Borggrefe, Frieder, Pregger, Thomas, Gils, Hans Christian, Kleiner, Florian, Pagenkopf, Johannes, and Schmid, Stephan
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hydrogen ,energy system modelling ,renewable energy - Published
- 2015
14. 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Brazil-The Role of Sector Coupling and Regional Development.
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Simon, Sonja, and Soria, Rafael
- Subjects
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *BIOMASS energy , *WATER power , *CARBON offsetting , *WIND power , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
With its abundance of renewable energy potentials, not only for hydropower and bioenergy, but also for wind and solar, Brazil provides good prospects for a carbon neutral energy system. The role of an enhanced coupling of the power, heat and transport sectors in such systems is not yet fully understood. This paper analyses the least-cost composition and operation of a fully renewable power supply system as part of a carbon neutral energy supply in Brazil. It relies on the application of the high-resolution energy system model REMix. Our analysis reveals that the expansion of wind and solar power is more cost-efficient than the construction of additional hydroelectric plants. This is favoured because the existing hydroelectric plants offer large capacity of dispatchable power to compensate for fluctuations, and thus no additional storage is necessary. Furthermore, the REMix analysis indicates that varying shares of solar and wind power technologies as well as the spatial distribution of power generation have only a small influence on supply costs. This implies that the transformation strategy in Brazil can be primarily based on other criteria such as regional development, public acceptance, environmental impact or industrial policy without major impacts on system costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Integrated modelling of variable renewable energy-based power supply in Europe.
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Scholz, Yvonne, Pregger, Thomas, Luca de Tena, Diego, and Heide, Dominik
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *FLUCTUATIONS (Physics) , *ENERGY policy , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
Variable renewable energy (VRE) resources increasingly add fluctuations to power systems. The required types and capacities of balancing measures, amounts of curtailment, and costs associated with system integration need to be assessed for advising policy makers and economic actors. Previous studies mostly exclude storage from model-endogenous capacity expansion and omit concentrated solar power (CSP) completely. In this study, we stress the need for grid and backup capacity by investigating an integrated market in Europe, allowing for additional short-term as well as long-term storage and considering CSP as a dispatchable backup option. The Renewable Energy Mix (REMix) energy system model is introduced and applied to assess the capacity expansion and hourly dispatch at various levels of photovoltaic and wind power penetration. The model results demonstrate combinations of spatial and temporal balancing measures that enable net photovoltaic and wind supply shares of 60% and 70% of the annual demand, respectively. The usage of storage and grid can keep curtailments below 20% of the demand for theoretical VRE shares of up to 100%. Furthermore, we determine that the VRE supply structure has a strong impact on the least-cost allocation of power plants across Europe but only a limited effect on supply costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands.
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Gils, Hans Christian and Simon, Sonja
- Subjects
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CARBON offsetting , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ARCHIPELAGOES , *HEAT transfer , *ELECTRIC vehicle batteries - Abstract
As many other small islands and archipelagos, the Canary Islands depend to a high degree on energy imports. Despite its small surface, the archipelago has a high potential for renewable energy (RE) technologies. In this paper, we present a scenario pathway to a 100% RE supply in the Canary Islands by 2050. It relies on a back-casting approach linking the bottom-up accounting framework Mesap-PlaNet and the high resolution power system model REMix. Our analysis shows that locally available technology potentials are sufficient for a fully renewable supply of the islands’ power, heat, and land transport energy demands. To follow the pathway for achieving a carbon neutral supply, expansion of RE technology deployment needs to be accelerated in the short-term and efforts towards greater energy efficiency must be increased. According to our results, an extended linkage between energy sectors through electric vehicles as well as electric heating, and the usage of synthetic hydrogen can contribute notably to the integration of intermittent RE power generation. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of power transmission in RE supply systems. Supply costs are found 15% lower in a scenario considering sea cable connections between all islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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