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Fe‐based anode materials with a high specific capacity, non‐toxic and abundant resources are among the ideal anode candidates for the new generation of LIBs. But their significant bulk effect causes the problems of the broken electrode structure and short cycle life that seriously hinder their practical applications. Herein, we prepared the core‐shell structure Fe3O4@C@SiO2 for the anode of LIBs by MIL‐101(Fe) derivatization using the solvent thermal method combined with the hydrolytic coating method. The porous carbon layer generated in situ by MOF pyrolysis, together with the coating of the SiO2 shell, can mitigate the volume expansion of ferric tetroxide during the cycling process. With these structural advantages, the Fe3O4@C@SiO2 anode preserves excellent performance with a specific capacity of 716 mAh/g for the 300 cycles at 1 A/g and 428 mAh/g after 2000 cycles as the density is up to 5 A/g. This work presents a promising approach for preparing SiO2‐coated core‐shell structured TMOs composite anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as important energy storage and energy supply devices. The porous design and heteroatomization modification of carbon-based anode materials are crucial for achieving high-capacity and reversible energy storage in LIBs. Sol-gel method and pyrolysis treatment were used to obtain silica/silver composite particles used as templates. Polyphosphazene-coated silica/silver composite composite carbon materials (SiO2/Ag@PZS-C) were synthesized through in-situ self-assembly and carbonization of polyphosphazene. The electrochemical behavior and lithium storage mechanism of SiO2/Ag@PZS-C was also studied. The results reveal that the composite exhibited high specific capacity, stable cycling and superior rate performance. The double modification of silver nanoparticles and polyphosphazene carbon significantly improves the conductivity of silica and reduces the volume change. Moreover, the carbon shell of polyphosphazene facilitated the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface film (SEI), preventing direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte, thereby substantially enhancing lithium storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are emerging as promising hybrid energy storage devices that combine the high energy densities of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power densities of supercapacitors (SCs). Nevertheless, the development of LICs is hindered by the kinetic imbalances between battery-type anodes and capacitor-type cathodes. To address this issue, honeycomb-like N-doped carbon matrices encapsulating Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2 heterostructures were prepared using a simple chemical blowing-vulcanization process followed by phosphorylation treatment (Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC). The Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC features a unique heterostructure engineered within carbon honeycomb structures, which efficiently promotes charge transfer at the interfaces, alleviates the volume expansion of Co-based materials, and accelerates reaction kinetics. The optimal Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC composite demonstrates a stable reversible capacity of 371.8 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1, and exhibits an excellent rate performance of 242.9 mAh g−1 even at 8 A g−1, alongside enhanced pseudocapacitive behavior. The assembled Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC//AC LIC delivers a high energy density of 90.47 Wh kg−1 (at 26.28 W kg−1), a high power density of 504.94 W kg−1 (at 38.31 Wh kg−1), and a remarkable cyclic stablitiy of 86.3% retention after 5000 cycles. This research is expected to provide valuable insights into the design of conversion-type electrode materials for future energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion insertion/deinsertion in anode at slow rates limits the power performance of energy storage devices. Here, a new pseudocapacitive electrode with high reversible capacity during cycling has been proposed for a lithium‐ion capacitor. The lithium‐fluoride garnet, namely Na3Fe2Li3F12, is obtained via precipitation from an aqueous solution at room temperature using abundant materials and exhibits a high discharge capacity of 746 mAh g−1. After the first charging cycle, the energy is stored via fast pseudocapacitive faradaic reactions which are facilitated by the nanocrystalline transport pathways with no structural modification to the electrode. The high stability window of F‐garnet allows extracting cell voltages of 2.2–3.2 V in a lithium‐ion capacitor where it is coupled with a porous carbon‐based positive electrode, with a high energy efficiency of 93 % maintained for 10000 charge/discharge cycles. This study opens a new research direction concerning pseudocapacitive anode materials for enhancing power performance and even replacing the traditional battery‐like anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOF) as a bridge between covalent organic framework (COF) and metal organic framework (MOF) possess the characteristics of open metal sites, structure stability, crystallinity, tunability as well as porosity, but still in its infancy. In this work, a covalent organic framework DT‐COF with a keto‐enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl diamine (DHBD) and triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) was coordinated with Cu2+ by a simple post‐modification method to a obtain a copper‐coordinated metal‐covalent organic framework of Cu‐DT COF. The isomerization from a keto‐enamine structure of DT‐COF to a enol‐imine structure of Cu‐DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu2+. The structure change of Cu‐DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu‐DT COF, which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li‐storage behavior of the COF skeleton. As anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), Cu‐DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance, retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu2+ is also involved in the lithium storage process. A possible mechanism for Cu‐DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT‐IR, XPS, EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis. This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dual Carbon Confined WS 2 Hierarchical Structures are constructed as an advanced anode for SIBs. • Significantly improved structural integrity and electron transport due to tight anchoring of internal hard carbon and outer N dopped carbon. • Integrated HC@WS 2 @NCs anode paired with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 cathode demonstrates high full cell performance. The growing demand for clean energy has heightened interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and significant volumetric changes in anode materials present challenges to the electrochemical performance of SIBs. This work introduces a hierarchical structure where WS 2 is confined between an inner hard carbon core and an outer nitrogen-doped carbon shell, forming HC@WS 2 @NCs core–shell structures as anodes for SIBs. The inner hard carbon core and outer nitrogen-doped carbon shell anchor WS 2 , enhancing its structural integrity. The highly conductive carbon materials accelerate electron transport during charge/discharge, while the rationally constructed interfaces between carbon and WS 2 regulate the interfacial energy barrier and electric field distribution, improving ion transport. This synergistic interaction results in superior electrochemical performance: the HC@WS 2 @NCs anode delivers a high capacity of 370 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A/g after 200 cycles and retains261 mAh g−1 at 2 A/g after 2000 cycles. In a full battery with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 cathode, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 //HC@WS 2 @NC full-cell achieves an impressive initial capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 1 A/g. This work provides a strategic approach for the systematic development of WS 2 -based anode materials for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A bimetallic sulfide/carbon heterostructure (Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC) was designed via a high-throughput template-assisted strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. • The charge–discharge mechanism of Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC based on conversion and intercalation reactions was verified by in-situ XRD, ex-situ XPS and ex-situ TEM. • The as-designed three-dimensional honeycomb ultrathin nanosheet structure improved the specific capacity and cyclic stability of the as-obtained electrode. Heterostructures endow electrochemical hybrids with promising energy storage properties owing to synergistic effects and interfacial interaction. However, developing a facile but effective approach to maximize interface effects is crucial but challenging. Herein, a bimetallic sulfide/carbon heterostructure is realized in a confined carbon network via a high-throughput template-assisted strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. The designed heterostructures not only yield abundant interconnected Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 / N -doped carbon (Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC) heterojunctions with continuous channels for ion/electron transfer but maintain excellent conversion reversibility. Serving as anode for sodium storage, the Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC framework displayed excellent sodium storage properties (reversible capacity of 480 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 A/g and 286.2 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2 A/g). Given this, this study can guide future design protocols for interface engineering by forming dynamic channels of conversion reaction kinetics for potential applications in high-performance electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium ion batteries play an important role in various energy storage technologies due to their good safety performance. As an anode material, silicon has attracted attention for its higher theoretical capacity than commercial graphite. But large volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during the cycling of silicon lead to rapid capacity decay, which limits the commercial application of silicon anode. In this article, Si/BiPO 4 anode materials were prepared by solvothermal reaction. After morphology analysis and constant current charge discharge cycle analysis of Si/BiPO 4 anode materials with different mass ratios, it was found that Si/BiPO 4 anode materials with the mass ratio of 7:3 exhibited more excellent electrochemical performance. The conversion reaction of BiPO 4 and Li generates Bi and Li 3 PO 4 , and the alloying reaction of Bi generates Li 3 Bi. Bi and Li 3 Bi reduce the internal resistance of the Si/BiPO 4 composite, and Li 3 PO 4 is distributed on the surface of Si material, participating in the formation of SEI film and improving the stability of the material. At a current density of 500 mA g−1, the first discharge specific capacity of the Si/BiPO 4 anode is 2672.1 mA h g−1. After 200 cycles, the discharge specific capacity remains at 1308.9 mA h g−1. The electrochemical impedances of pure Si and Si/BiPO 4 anode materials before and after cycling were analyzed. It was found that the resistance of the Si/BiPO 4 anode before and after 100 cycles was lower than that of pure Si materials, which further proved that the addition of BiPO 4 material helps to improve the charge transfer ability of pure silicon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In advancing sodium-ion battery technology, we introduce a novel application of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 with a NASICON structure as an anode material. This research unveils, for the first time, its exceptional ability to maintain high specific capacity and unprecedented cycle stability under extreme current densities up to 1000 mA·g−1, within a low voltage window of 0.01–2.5 V. The core of our findings lies in the material's remarkable capacity retention and stability, which is a leap forward in addressing long-standing challenges in energy storage. Through cutting-edge in situ/operando X-ray diffraction analysis, we provide a perspective on the structural evolution of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 during operation, offering deep insights into the mechanisms that underpin its superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable anode materials, including natural silica and biomass-derived carbon materials, are gaining increasing attention in emerging energy storage applications. In this research, we highlighted a silica/carbon (SiO2/C) derived from Streblus asper leaf wastes using a simple method. Dried Streblus asper leaves, which have plenty of biomass in Thailand, have a unique leaf texture due to their high SiO2 content. We can convert these worthless leaves into SiO2/C nanocomposites in one step, producing eco-materials with distinctive microstructures that influence electrochemical energy storage performance. Through nanostructured design, SiO2/C is thoroughly covered by a well-connected framework of conductive hybrid polymers based on the sodium alginate–polypyrrole (SA-PPy) network, exhibiting impressive morphology and performance. In addition, an excellent electrically conductive SA-PPy network binds to the SiO2/C particle surface through crosslinker bonding, creating a flexible porous space that effectively facilitates the SiO2 large volume expansion. At a current density of 0.3 C, this synthesized SA-PPy@Nano-SiO2/C anode provides a high specific capacity of 756 mAh g−1 over 350 cycles, accounting for 99.7% of the theoretical specific capacity. At the high current of 1 C (758 mA g−1), a superior sustained cycle life of over 500 cycles was evidenced, with over 93% capacity retention. The research also highlighted the potential for this approach to be scaled up for commercial production, which could have a significant impact on the sustainability of the lithium-ion battery industry. Overall, the development of green nanocomposites along with polymers having a distinctive structure is an exciting area of research that has the potential to address some of the key challenges associated with lithium-ion batteries, such as capacity degradation and safety concerns, while also promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy production and energy storage materials are highly in demand due to their versatility, stability, sustainability, and better conductivity. Low-cost and highly efficient electrode materials (cathode/anode) for electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs) have been highly explored in the last two decades. Herein, we have synthesized Mo 2 C via a facile, cost-efficient, and green approach (ball milling). This work provides a new route to synthesize Mo 2 C, as compared with traditional techniques, to reduce the emission of poisonous gases at high temperatures. Furthermore, a comparison of the electrochemical performance of the bulk and nanostructured Mo 2 C was also investigated. The obtained results proved that smaller particle sizes and higher surface area are the efficient edges for the competitive performance of nanostructured Mo 2 C. Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance of bulk and nanostructured Mo 2 C. Nanostructured Mo 2 C has delivered 206 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g in 3M-KOH electrolyte. Nanostructured Mo 2 C has shown ultra-long cyclic stability after 20000th GCD cycles with 92 % retention with 100 % Coulombic efficiency. These results predicted that nanostructured Mo 2 C is a good electrode material for supercapacitors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most popular anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries is still graphite. However, its low intercalation potential is close to that of lithium, which results in the dendritic growth of lithium at its surface, and the formation of a passivation film that limits the rate capability and may result in safety hazards. High-performance anodes are thus needed. In this context, lithium titanite oxide (LTO) has attracted attention as this anode material has important advantages. Due to its higher lithium intercalation potential (1.55 V vs. Li+/Li), the dendritic deposition of lithium is avoided, and the safety is increased. In addition, LTO is a zero-strain material, as the volume change upon lithiation-delithiation is negligible, which increases the cycle life of the battery. Finally, the diffusion coefficient of Li+ in LTO (2 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) is larger than in graphite, which, added to the fact that the dendritic effect is avoided, increases importantly the rate capability. The LTO anode has two drawbacks. The energy density of the cells equipped with LTO anode is lower compared with the same cells with graphite anode, because the capacity of LTO is limited to 175 mAh g−1, and because of the higher redox potential. The main drawback, however, is the low electrical conductivity (10−13 S cm−1) and ionic conductivity (10−13–10−9 cm2 s−1). Different strategies have been used to address this drawback: nano-structuration of LTO to reduce the path of Li+ ions and electrons inside LTO, ion doping, and incorporation of conductive nanomaterials. The synthesis of LTO with the appropriate structure and the optimized doping and the synthesis of composites incorporating conductive materials is thus the key to achieving high-rate capability. That is why a variety of synthesis recipes have been published on the LTO-based anodes. The progress in the synthesis of LTO-based anodes in recent years is such that LTO is now considered a substitute for graphite in lithium-ion batteries for many applications, including electric cars and energy storage to solve intermittence problems of wind mills and photovoltaic plants. In this review, we examine the different techniques performed to fabricate LTO nanostructures. Details of the synthesis recipes and their relation to electrochemical performance are reported, allowing the extraction of the most powerful synthesis processes in relation to the recent experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium-ion battery (PIB) is a potential candidate for future large-scale energy storage devices. Constructing electrode materials with fast ions and electron transport channels is an effective solution to achieve high-power-density and long-cycle PIBs. Herein, the composite composed of FeS quantum dots and nitrogen-doped porous carbon (FeS@NPC) is reported as anode material for PIBs. The unique uniform nanostructure is confirmed to be able to reduce the ion diffusion length, increase the migration rate of potassium ions, improve electronic conductivity, and alleviate volume fluctuation. These advantages deliver enhanced potassium storage properties with high capacity and excellent cycling stability. FeS@NPC-based anode obtains a specific capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 180 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 even after 1200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a replaceable energy storage technology have attracted extensive attention in recent years. The design and preparation of advanced anode materials with high capacity and excellent cycling performance for SIBs still face enormous challenges. Herein, a solution method is developed for in situ synthesis of anti-aggregation tellurium nanorods/reduced graphene oxide (Te NR/rGO) composite. The material working as the sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode achieves a high reversible capacity of 338 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and exhibits up to 93.4% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This work demonstrates an effective preparation method of nano-Te-based composites for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobium-based oxides (NMO) have attracted widespread research enthusiasm in the field of energy storage systems, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Most recently, MoNb12O33 was reported as a promising material for LIBs due to its long-term cyclability, high theoretical/practical capacities, safe operating potential, and excellent structural stability. Nevertheless, the kinetics of electrochemical reactions in MoNb12O33 is hindered by its intrinsically poor electronic conductivity and electron transfer properties. These tend to be significant flaws restricting its practical use in LIBs. In this study, we employed an electrospinning technique and subsequent hydrogenation treatment for fabricating NMO and NMO@H-Ar (@H-Ar denotes heat treatment under hydrogen and argon mixture) nanowires. The hydrogenation treatment narrows the band gap, expands unit cell volume, and creates oxygen vacancies in NMO@H-Ar. These resulted in outstanding electrochemical kinetics in the NMO@H-Ar anode, including a high reversible specific capacity of 327 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, high initial coulombic efficiency of 92.4%, excellent long-term cycling stability with capacity retention of 94.4% (capacity loss per cycle of 0.0056%) after 1000 cycles at 10 C, and good rate performance of 179.7 mAh g−1 at 10 C. In addition, the data obtained from the electrochemical impedance and cyclic voltammetry tests confirm that the hydrogenation treatment significantly enhanced the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. This study affirms that the hydrogenation treatment considerably improved the electronic conductivity and electrochemical reactions kinetics of NMO@H-Ar nanowires, which is beneficial for developing new anode materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In advancing sodium-ion battery technology, we introduce a novel application of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 with a NASICON structure as an anode material. This research unveils, for the first time, its exceptional ability to maintain high specific capacity and unprecedented cycle stability under extreme current densities up to 1000 mA·g−1, within a low voltage window of 0.01–2.5 V. The core of our findings lies in the material’s remarkable capacity retention and stability, which is a leap forward in addressing long-standing challenges in energy storage. Through cutting-edge in situ/operando X-ray diffraction analysis, we provide a perspective on the structural evolution of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 during operation, offering deep insights into the mechanisms that underpin its superior performance.

For the high content of sp-hybridized carbon atoms, carbyne based materials can express superior conductivity and ultra-high theoretical capacity, which are key factors of high-performance anode. However, the poor stability of synthetic intermediates and unwanted side reactions lead to huge challenge to synthesis carbyne alternating carbon–carbon triple and single bonds. Here, we rationally designed a smart "Greedy Snake" strategy to synthesize the alkyne rich carbon materials named Si capped alkyne rich carbon (Si-Alkyne-C) which comprised of sp-hybridized carbon atoms. The as-prepared Si-Alkyne-C generated on the copper surface through a carbon–carbon coupling, in which Si can effectively protect the intermediates generated by the reaction. The C–Si bond can constantly generate copper-alkyne intermediates to couple with other terminal alkynes to continuously elongate like "Greedy Snake", forming a long alkyne chain structure. The as-prepared Si-Alkyne-C can be applied as anode electrodes, exhibited very high reversible capacity of up to 2776 mAh/g at a current density of 50 mA/g and an average capacity around 1202 mAh/g at a high current density of 5000 mA/g for 5000 cycles, which are the best results among the reported carbon materials and better than many other anode materials. These results not only provide a facile strategy to prepare carbyne based materials, but also open a broad avenue for the preparation of high-capacity anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The demands of the upcoming energy storage technologies are ideally suited for nanomaterials with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are porous materials formed from organic linkers and metal ions offering promising properties for various applications due to their ability to construct finely tunable and homogenous pore architectures. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to synthesize MnO2 with zeolitic imidazole framework 67 (ZIF67) and investigate its electrochemical performance. Methods: Nanocomposites of MnO2@ZIF67 were successfully synthesized using a two‐step process involving the hydrothermal method followed by the precipitation method. The synthesized MnO2@ZIF67 nanocomposites were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopy techniques, including x‐ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Results: The prepared nanocomposite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 2629 mAh g−1 during the first cycle, even at a high current rate of 1C (1000 mA g−1). After undergoing 100 cycles, the MnO2@ZIF67 demonstrated good stability and a reversible capacity of 147.3 mAh g−1 at a 1C rate and a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 96%. Conclusion: The excellent electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite can be attributed to its unique composite structure, which combines porous 3D polyhedra with nanorods. Based on its greater specific capacity, superior cyclability, and improved rate performance, the MnO2@ZIF67 nanocomposite is an effective anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are widely considered a promising option for large‐scale energy storage, but their energy density is limited by the low specific capacity anode material. Herein, we synthesize a compound, namely Co2Ni(BO3)2 (denoted as CNBO), which is firstly served as an anode material in SIBs. The in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are conducted to elucidate the Na‐ion storage mechanism, which involves a conversion reaction with a theoretical specific capacity of 546 mAh g−1. As anode material for SIBs, CNBO exhibits a high initial reversible specific capacity of 544.2 mAh g−1 and maintains good cycling performance (319.2 mAh g−1 for 80 cycles at 0.2 A g−1) with remarkable rate capabilities (235.3 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). Furthermore, a sodium‐ion full cell using CNBO as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode (CNBO||NVP) can attain a maximum energy density of 146 Wh kg−1 with excellent cycle stability and rate capabilities. This work presents the possibilities for developing metal borate‐based materials for efficient sodium‐ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor conductivity of the pristine bulk covalent organic material is the main challenge for its application in energy storage. The mechanism of symmetric alkynyl bonds (C≡C) in covalent organic materials for lithium storage is still rarely reported. Herein, a nanosized (≈80 nm) alkynyl‐linked covalent phenanthroline framework (Alkynyl‐CPF) is synthesized for the first time to improve the intrinsic charge conductivity and the insolubility of the covalent organic material in lithium‐ion batteries. Because of the high degree of electron conjugation along alkynyl units and N atoms from phenanthroline groups, the Alkynyl‐CPF electrodes with the lowest HOMO–LUMO energy gap (ΔE=2.629 eV) show improved intrinsic conductivity by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the pristine Alkynyl‐CPF electrode delivers superior cycling performance with a large reversible capacity and outstanding rate properties (1068.0 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 410.5 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). Moreover, by Raman, FT‐IR, XPS, EIS, and theoretical simulations, the energy‐storage mechanism of C≡C units and phenanthroline groups in the Alkynyl‐CPF electrode has been investigated. This work provides new strategies and insights for the design and mechanism investigation of covalent organic materials in electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Mg ion batteries (AMIBs) show great potential in energy storage for their advantages of high capacity, abundant resource, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of AMIBs is limited due to the scarcity of suitable anode materials. In this study, a new polymer anode material (PNTAQ) with flower‐like nanosheet structure is synthesized for aqueous Mg‐Na hybrid‐ion battery (AMNHIB). PNTAQ possess carbonyl functional groups which can be oxidized and reduced reversibly in aqueous solution containing alkaline metal ions. PNTAQ displays a discharge specific capacity of 245 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 in 1 M MgCl2 + 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte, which is much higher than that in single 1 M MgCl2 or 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte. Even cycling at 1000 mA g−1 for 1000 times, the capacity retention can still maintain at 87.2%. A full Mg‐Na hybrid‐ion cell is assembled by employing β‐MnO2 as cathode and PNTAQ as anode material, it exhibits a specific capacity of 91.6 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. The polymer electrode material well maintains its framework structure during the discharge/charge cycling process of the hybrid‐ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite electrode of carbon nanotube CNT@Mn3O4 nanocable was successfully synthesized via direct electrophoretic deposition onto a copper foil, followed by calcination. By uniformly depositing Mn3O4 nanoparticles on CNTs, a nanocable structure of CNT@Mn3O4 can be formed, where the CNT acts as a "highway" for electrons and ions to facilitate fast transportation. Moreover, capacitive energy storage processes play a crucial role in lithium (Li) storage, especially during high scan rates. The significant contribution of capacitance is highly advantageous for the rapid transfer of Li+ ions, which ultimately results in an improved reversible capacity and prolonged cycle stability of the battery. A high specific capacity of 1367 mAh g−1 was maintained over 300 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, indicating excellent capacity retention and an extended cycle life. Furthermore, the synthesis process was facile and cost-effective, obviating the need for complex procedures such as mixing and pasting. Additionally, no binder was required, thereby enhancing battery quality efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattail-grass-derived porous carbon as high-capacity anode materials were prepared via high-temperature carbonization and activation with KOH. The samples exhibited different structures and morphologies with increasing treatment time. It was found that the cattail grass with activation treatment—1 (CGA-1) sample obtained at 800 °C for 1 h presented excellent electrochemical performance. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, CGA-1 showed a high charge–discharge capacity of 814.7 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 400 cycles, which suggests that it has a great potential for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the drawbacks of huge volume expansion upon lithiation/delithiation and surface corrosion by the electrolyte, silicon (Si) anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) suffered from rapid capacity degradation. Herein, nano-Si was simply treated with a gallic acid (GA) solution to cover the Si surface with a nanometer-thick GA-layer. During surface treatment, GA formed an irreversible cross-linking structure, and it can be bonded to the surface of nano-Si via hydrogen bonds. The resulted nano-Si@GA-1 sample (mSi/mGA = 10:1) exhibited an initial coulombic efficiency as high as 89.8% and a high charge capacity of 2979 mA h g–1 at a current density of 100 mA g–1. It can be demonstrated by the facilitated Li+ diffusion and reduced Li+ consumption by the surface GA-layer containing immense −OH and −COOH groups, acting as an artificial solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) film. Moreover, the formed GA-layer also effectively suppressed volume expansion and delamination of the Si electrode, leading to the superior stability of nano-Si@GA. A charge capacity of 1567 mA h g–1 was retained after 300 cycles tested at 1 A g–1 for the nano-Si@GA-1 electrode, among the best values of reported Si materials. Overall, our prepared nano-Si@GA via a facile route is promising for the practical application of LIBs as an anode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Si-based flexible electrodes attracted increasing research interests owing to the growing demand for high-performance flexible energy storage devices. Herein, a facile and smart self-assembly strategy is adopted to address huge volume expansion and particle aggregation issues of Si-based anodes, and a high-performance freestanding film anode (NC@Si/CNTs/N-rGO) is synthesized. The 3D-crosslinked porous graphene-CNTs networks offer abundant electric conductive pathways, high active sites, large internal space to accommodate the expansion of Si NPs, and facilitate Li+ diffusion and insertion/extraction kinetics. The synergistic effect between the well-dispersed Si/NC nanoparticles and 3D porous networks significantly enhances electrochemical performance of Si NPs. The as-prepared NC@Si/CNTs/N-rGO electrode exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 1089 mAh·g−1 at a charge–discharge current density of 1 A·g−1 after 500 cycles. Even at 2 A·g−1, the electrode still exhibits an excellent reversible specific capacity of 606 mAh·g−1 after 300 cycles. These indicate that the NC@Si/CNTs/N-rGO is a promising candidate for high-performance flexible anode material in lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high‐entropy materials (HEM) have attracted increasing attention in catalysis and energy storage due to their large configurational entropy and multiunique properties. However, it is failed in alloying‐type anode due to their Li‐inactive transition‐metal compositions. Herein, inspired by high‐entropy concept, the Li‐active elements instead of transition‐metal ones are introduced for metal‐phosphorus synthesis. Interestingly, a new ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 solid solution is successfully synthesized as proof of concept, which is first verified to cubic system in F‐43m. More specially, such ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 possesses wide‐range tunable region from 9911 to 4466, in which the Zn0.5Ge0.5Cu0.5Si0.5P2 accounts for the highest configurational entropy. When served as anode, ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 delivers large capacity (>1500 mAh g−1) and suitable plateau (≈0.5 V) for energy storage, breaking the conventional view that HEM is helpless for alloying anode due to its transition‐metal compositions. Among them, the Zn0.5Ge0.5Cu0.5Si0.5P2 exhibits the highest initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) (93%), Li‐diffusivity (1.11 × 10−10), lowest volume‐expansion (34.5%), and best rate performances (551 mAh g−1 at 6400 mA g−1) owing to its largest configurational entropy. Possible mechanism reveals the high entropy stabilization enables good accommodation of volume change and fast electronic transportation, thus supporting superior cyclability and rate performances. This large configurational entropy strategy in metal‐phosphorus solid solution may open new avenues to develop other high‐entropy materials for advanced energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural design and element regulation of the electrode materials is considered an effective strategy to improve the energy storage performance. In this paper, we developed a boron and nitrogen double‐doped carbon flower by in‐situ polymerization and high‐temperature carbonization. As an anode electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries, it shows a high first discharge capacity of 885.9 mA h g−1, and still maintained 416 mA h g−1 after 450 cycles. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent capacitance (182 mA h g−1) at the high current density (2 A g−1) and even after 3000 cycles. The unique flower structure reduces ion diffusion distance, and the boron and nitrogen atoms provide more active sites, which endow the boron and nitrogen double‐doped carbon flower with the excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, the in‐situ polymerization is a good scheme to prepare heteroatom double‐doped nanocarbon materials with the high energy capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) as rechargeable energy storages play a key role in saving oil and decreasing exhaust emissions which are used for many applications including electric vehicles and electronic devices. Lithium titanate (LTO) as a promised anode material provides not only the Li-ion extraction and intercalation reversibility but also low volume changing during Li transmission. Nevertheless, LTO has some limitations which can be improved by some strategies such as doping. Dopants as a substation in the crystal structure of LTO could result in better performance in LIBs. In this report, doping of LTO with all kinds of dopants and with different fabrication methods is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of demand for energy storage technology in various industries, it is particularly urgent to develop battery systems with higher energy density. Among the candidates, silicon (Si) has a high lithium storage capacity as anode material, but its large volume variation and low electron and ion conductivity prevent it from being diffusely used in multiple fields, such as large-scale energy storage systems. In this work, we complement the advantages of Si, metal copper (Cu), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to synthesize Si@Cu nanoparticles with core-shell structures encapsulated in a 3D CNTs network (Si@Cu/CNTs). The coating of Cu and the 3D CNTs network help to slow down the volumetric expansion of Si during the cycle and the exfoliation and pulverization which are caused by volume expansion. Meanwhile, the synergy of the highly conductive metal Cu and 3D CNTs network provides fast migration channels for ions/electrons, which is advantageous for the capacity at high current densities. The synergy of Cu and 3D CNTs network also avoids the immediate between the electrolyte and the Si nanoparticles, which is beneficial to maintaining the integrity of the SEI film, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance of the material. Si@Cu/CNTs exhibit a capacity of 2107.5 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 74.06%. Si@Cu/CNTs also have favourable rate capability, with a capacity of 2338.6 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate close to 80% when the current density drops to 100 mA g−1. This work presents a novel idea for the modification of Si materials. [Display omitted] • Si@Cu/CNTs composite anode is prepared by a metathesis reaction and creatively combine Si@Cu with CNTs. • 3D CNTs networks act as a dispersed matrix for Si@Cu to inhibit reunion, and efficiently buffers the volume expansion. • The excellent electrochemical properties of Si@Cu/CNTs anode result from copper shell and interconnected CNTs networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Two-dimensional transition metal borides have high mechanical stability, high charge carrier mobility and great electrochemical performance. The potential applications of two-dimensional transition metal borides in the direction of energy conversion and storage have not been systematically reviewed. We summarize the research on the role of two-dimensional transition metal borides in catalysis and ion batteries, and put forward the new opportunities in preparation and biotechnology. As a flourishing member of the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial family, MXenes have shown great potential in various research areas. In recent years, the continued growth of interest in MXene derivatives, 2D transition metal borides (MBenes), has contributed to the emergence of this 2D material as a latecomer. Due to the excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and electrical properties, thus MBenes attract more researchers' interest. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies have shown that they have exciting energy conversion and electrochemical storage potential. However, a comprehensive and systematic review of MBenes applications has not been available so far. For this reason, we present a comprehensive summary of recent advances in MBenes research. We started by summarizing the latest fabrication routes and excellent properties of MBenes. The focus will then turn to their exciting potential for energy storage and conversion. Finally, a brief summary of the challenges and opportunities for MBenes in future practical applications is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a viable alternative to the more costly and resource-constrained lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially in meeting the increasing need for large-scale energy storage. A significant challenge for SIBs lies in the exploration of the advanced anode materials. FeVO 4 (FVO) nanoparticles were synthesized through both wet chemical and solid-phase methods by using citric acid monohydrate and ferric nitrate nonahydrate as blowing agents. XRD and TEM characterization reveals the presence of a large (101) interlayer spacing (∼4.46 Å) that accommodates the insertion and extraction of sodium ions (Na+). As anode material for storing Na+, FVO demonstrates an impressive discharge capacity of 326.5 mAh g−1 when cycling at a rate of 0.1 A g−1 over 300 cycles. In addition, the NaFePO 4 ||FeVO 4 full cell provides a discharge specific capacity of 102.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1C (1C = 154 mA g−1). The dynamic properties of the FVO/Na battery are revealed by pseudo-capacitance analysis and GITT tests. Meanwhile, the storage mechanism of Na+ is further analyzed by XPS, TEM, in-situ XRD and density functional theory calculations. Overall, this work presents new insights into the application of FeVO 4 in SIBs and also demonstrates the competitive potential of FeVO 4 for energy storage. FeVO 4 nanoparticles were synthesized via wet chemical and solid-phase route, which can be employed as an anode material for sodium ion batteries. [Display omitted] • FeVO 4 (FVO) nanoparticles were synthesized through both wet chemical and solid-phase methods. • The large (101) interlayer spacing (∼4.46 Å) accommodated the preferable insertion and extraction of Na+. • FVO demonstrated an impressive discharge capacity of 326.5 mAh g−1. • The NaFePO 4 ||FeVO 4 full cell provided a discharge specific capacity of 102.8 mAh g−1. • In-situ characterization and DFT calculations explored the interplay between structural properties and sodium storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal is deemed as the main representative of the material for next-generation energy storage cells. Nevertheless, the problems of lithium dendrite growth and anode electrode volume expansion have become difficult problems in practical applications. Here, we introduced lithophilic CuInNiSnCd HEA-NPs on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) carbon hosts through a high-temperature redox strategy (HEA/CF). The application of the HEA/CF 3D framework can effectively decrease the non-uniform current density of the anode electrode, thereby slowing down the volume expansion of lithium metal during cycling. The introduction of CuInNiSnCd HEA-NPs improves the lithophilic of the carbon substrate and reduces the nucleation potential of lithium. Meanwhile, their evolution process was monitored in situ by the dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) with relaxation time (DRT) distribution analysis, and the introduction of the HEA was beneficial to improving Li+ migration kinetics. Consequently, the symmetric battery with Li@HEA/CF anode has an excellent cycle life of over 3000 h (10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, the anode-free HEA/CF assembled full cell has excellent rate performance with a stable CE of more than 99.2 % after 160 cycles at 1C. This research contributes to the use of high-entropy materials in advanced energy storage batteries and provides valuable guidance for enhancing the performance of lithium batteries. In this study, CuInNiSnCd HEA-NPs were synthesized on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) carbon hosts. The evolution of lithium plating/stripping process was monitored in situ using the dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) and distribution analysis of relaxation time (DRT). Due to its excellent lithophilicity and synergy with the 3D skeleton, HEA can effectively reduce the local current density and mitigate the volume expansion of lithium metal, showcasing great potential for applications in anode-free lithium metal batteries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In search of new electrode materials that improve rechargeable metal-ion batteries' performance, S-functionalized double-metal TiNbC MXene monolayer (TiNbCS 2) is designed, and its properties as an anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, Ca-, and Al-ion batteries are investigated employing density functional theory. Due to technical issues during the preparation process, the surface of MXenes is mostly terminated by –O, –OH, and –F functional groups. It is possible to modify the surface by other terminal groups to improve MXenes' energy storage performance. According to our findings, the TiNbCS 2 monolayer, thanks to its metallic behavior, high chemical stability, low diffusion energy barriers, and low open-circuit voltages of these metal cations, is a promising anode material for rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Notably, the adsorption of multilayers of Na+ and Mg2+ cations on the surface of TiNbCS 2 provides excellent capacities of 494 mA h g−1 and 988 mA h g−1 for Na- and Mg-ion batteries, respectively. Although the trivalent Al ion may offer a higher energy density, our calculations show that Al3+ ions are not adsorbed onto the surface of the TiNbCS 2 monolayer effectively. [Display omitted] • S-functionalization of TiNbC MXene monolayer improves its energy storage performance. • TiNbCS 2 's properties make it a promising anode for rechargeable metal-ion batteries. • Adsorption of multilayers of cations on TiNbCS 2 provides excellent capacities for Na- and Mg-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accordion-like V 2 CT x has been exploited as novel anode material for asymmetric supercapacitors in 2 M ZnSO 4 electrolyte, which exhibits intriguing electrochemical performance. [Display omitted] • Accordion-like V 2 CT x was successfully prepared by selectively etching Al from the V 2 AlC using NaF and HCl. • After optimizing electrolyte concentration, the V 2 CT x electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 481 F g−1 within the negative potential window and excellent cycling stability in 2 M ZnSO 4 electrolyte. • The AC//V 2 CT x ASC delivers the maximum energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 and remarkable cycling lifetime with 79% capacitance retention after 100,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Despite of great interests in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC), their performance is often restricted by unsatisfactory specific capacitance of anode materials. Herein, accordion-like V 2 CT x MXene has been prepared and exploited as novel anode material for aqueous ASC in neutral ZnSO 4 electrolyte. Profitting from the layered structure with expanded interlayer distance, the V 2 CT x electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 481F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a reasonable rate performance and intriguing cycling stability with capacitance retention of 84.3% after 60,000 cycles at 10 A g−1 in 2 M ZnSO 4 electrolyte. Furthermore, an ASC device based on the V 2 CT x as anode and activated carbon (AC) as cathode was successfully assembled in the ZnSO 4 electrolyte, which achieves a wide potential window up to 1.8 V. Remarkably, the V 2 CT x //AC ASC delivers a high energy density of 34 W h kg−1 at a power density of 954 W kg−1, as well as superb cycling stability with capacitance retention of 79% even after 100,000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. The intriguing electrochemical performance, especially the ultralong cycling life, make the V 2 CT x MXene electrode promising in aqueous energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exfoliation of tridimensional crystal structures has recently been considered a new source of bidimensional materials. The new approach offers the possibility of dramatically enlarging the library of bidimensional materials, but the number of nanolayers produced so far is still limited. Here, we report for the first time the use of a new type of material, α-germanium nanolayers (2D α-Ge). The 2D α-Ge is obtained by exfoliating crystals of α-germanium in a simple one-step procedure assisted by wet ball-milling (gram-scale fabrication). The α-germanium nanolayers have been tested as anode material for high-performance LIBs. The results show excellent performance in semi-cell configuration with a high specific capacity of 1630 mAh g−1 for mass loading of 1 mg cm−2 at 0.1 C. The semi-cell was characterized by a constant current rate of 0.5 C during 400 cycles and different scan rates (0.1 C, 0.5 C, and 1 C). Interestingly, the structural characterization, including Raman spectroscopy, XRPD, and XPS, concludes that 2D α-Ge largely retains its crystallinity after continuous cycling. These results can be used to potentially apply these novel 2D germanium nanolayers to high-performance Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous silicon has the characteristics of large specific surface area and good luminescent properties. At present, the research on porous silicon has been involved in the fields of biological and chemical sensors, drug delivery, photocatalysis, energy and so on. The pore of porous silicon can effectively reduce the volume expansion in the process of silicon lithiation, shorten the distance of lithium ion diffusion from electrolyte to silicon, and promote the charge-discharge process at high current density. Therefore, porous silicon has been widely studied and developed in the field of energy storage. However, some challenges still exist, such as preparation cost, etching mechanism, regulation of porous structure, and electrochemical performance of porous silicon, which cannot meet the requirements of commercial application. The current research on the preparation methods of porous silicon at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper, and the application of porous silicon in lithium ion battery is introduced in detail. Finally, the development of porous silicon materials in energy storage field is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The potassium‐ion battery (PIB) is regarded as a promising energy storage system to replace lithium‐ion battery, while the sluggish kinetics and large K+ size result in inferior rate performance and poor cycle stability, impeding its extensive development. Here, a carbon coated VO2/V2O3 nanoparticles (VO2/V2O3@C) was prepared by simple reflux and pyrolysis process with polyaniline as the carbon source. The C−O−V bond and the oxygen vacancy within VO2/V2O3@C can not only accelerate the charge transfer between carbon and VO2/V2O3 nanoparticles, but also increase the active sites. Therefore, VO2/V2O3@C as an anode for PIB exhibits an excellent rate (78 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and long‐cycling performance (147.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles), and the full cell PIB shows high power density and energy density as well. This work provides a pathway to design other high‐performance anodes for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica is a promising anode material for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from several problems. The main issue is low electrical conductivity, which limits its practical applications. Fabricating silica–carbon nanocomposites (C/SiO2) can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of these materials. In this work, the authors perform first principles calculations to investigate the interfacial properties and electronic structure between carbon and small Si‐based molecules. The simulations suggest that C/SiO2 and C/SiO interfaces facilitate the lithiation process, providing additional lithium storage pathways in addition to the typical phase transitions of SiO2 and SiO. In addition, a simple production and ready to scale‐up method is proposed to fabricate a nanocomposite possessing rich C/SiOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) interfaces. The resulting nanocomposite anode has a stable capacity of ~650 mAh g‐1 at a current density of 1 A g‐1 after 1500 cycles with >95% capacity retention. This work provides a better understanding of the Li ion storage mechanisms of C/SiOx. Adding carbon not only increases electrical conductivity and strength, but also provides new pathways for Li‐ion transport through their interfaces contributing to the enhanced stability and electrochemical properties of inexpensive non‐conducting/oxide‐based energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphyne, a promising carbon candidate for energy storage and conversion, has been prepared successfully via a mechanochemical route. However, inevitable graphitic carbon species generate concomitantly. In this work, we synthesize rich pyridonic-/pyridinic-nitrogen doped graphyne (NGY) employing calcium carbide and asymmetric pentachloropyridine (PCP) as precursors and find that introducing symmetric hexabromobenzene (HBB) can suppress the formation of graphitic carbon impurities. The symmetry of organic precursors is a key to the yield of NGY during the mechanochemical process, so a competitive formation mechanism between NGY and graphitic carbon species is proposed according to experimental results and theoretical calculation. Compared with the samples obtained from single asymmetric PCP or symmetric HBB, an optimized NGY (1:1 molar ratio of PCP/HBB) increases the Li-storage capacity by 11% and 52% respectively, owing to abundant Li+ adsorption and high structural stability. This work highlights organic precursor symmetry for undergoing mechanochemical cross-coupling and brings new insights to in-situ constructing heteroatom-doped alkynyl carbon frameworks. We have demonstrated mechanochemical synthesizing nitrogen-doped graphyne, affording competitive lithium storage performance, and found that the feeding ratio of symmetric organic precursors is a key for suppressing inevitable graphitic carbon species. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattail-grass-derived porous carbon as high-capacity anode materials were prepared via high-temperature carbonization and activation with KOH. The samples exhibited different structures and morphologies with increasing treatment time. It was found that the cattail grass with activation treatment—1 (CGA-1) sample obtained at 800 °C for 1 h presented excellent electrochemical performance. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, CGA-1 showed a high charge–discharge capacity of 814.7 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 400 cycles, which suggests that it has a great potential for energy storage.

The increasing need for advanced anode materials with superior performance in rechargeable batteries has driven investigations into cutting-edge energy storage systems. This study delves into the potential of P 4 Se 3 Molecular Cages (MCs) as innovative anode materials for both monovalent and multivalent ion batteries, including Na ion batteries (NIBs), Mg ion batteries (MIBs), Ca ion batteries (CIBs), Al ion batteries (AIBs), and Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) through a comprehensive Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) based investigations. The analyses encompass the electronic structure, structural stability, electrochemical performance, charge storage mechanisms, and redox properties to offer valuable insights into the potential of P 4 Se 3 as an anode. The DFT calculations unveil critical aspects of adsorption, diffusion, and reaction kinetics in P 4 Se 3 elucidating its potential as high-capacity and suitable anode material. The exothermic reactions between Na, Mg, Ca, Al, and Zn with host P 4 Se 3 highlight its suitability for the intercalation process in monovalent and multivalent ion batteries. Furthermore, calculated storage capacities for NIB, MIB, CIB, AIB, and ZIB are found as 1484.84 mAhg−1, 519.69 mAhg−1, 1410.60 mAhg−1, 593.93 mAhg−1, and 74.24 mAhg−1 respectively. The voltage profiles indicate favorable open circuit voltages (OCV) of 0.31 V, 0.27 V, 0.55 V, and 3.3 V for NIB, MIB, CIB, and AIB respectively. The study employs climbing image nudged elastic band (Cl-NEB) simulations to compute diffusion barriers faced by monovalent and multivalent ions in the host structure. The calculated minimal diffusion barriers of 0.18 eV for NIB, 0.30 eV for MIB, 0.35 eV for CIB, 0.33 eV for AIB, and 0.71 eV for ZIB indicate fast charging capabilities due to efficient ion movement. Furthermore, the respective calculated values of diffusion coefficient are found as 5.27 × 10−10 m2/s, 5.27 × 10−9, 4.0 × 10−10 m2/s, 5.27 × 10−10 m2/s and 5.27 × 10−11 m2/s and respective values of ionic conductivity σ are found as 4.13 × 10−3 S/m, 14.57 × 10−2 S/m, 30.03 × 10−3 S/m, 16.65 × 10−3 S/m and 0.20 × 10−3 S/m for NIBs, MIBs, CIBs, AIBs and ZIBs. The findings of this study point out suitability of P 4 Se 3 as anode material in monovalent and multivalent ion batteries. [Display omitted] • DFT and AIMD study of molecular P 4 Se 3 as anode. • Monovalent and Multivalent ion batteries. • Reaction kinetics of Na, Ca, Mg, Al and Zn. • Sodium ion battery offered maximum storage capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures demonstrate potential applications in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) characterized by their elevated energy storage capacity and extended operational longevity as anode materials. The structures and electronic properties of graphene/boron arsenide (Gr/BAs) heterostructures, along with the adsorption and migration of lithium (Li) atoms within the structures, are methodically analyzed through first-principles studies underpinned by density functional theory. Our calculations indicate the metallic Gr/BAs heterostructures have the structural stability, where their mechanical strength is confirmed from the elastic constant. Its diffusion barrier of Li atoms (0.25 eV) is superior among similar anode materials. The Li atoms' diffusion coefficient within the Gr/BAs heterostructure at 300 K (1.27 × 10−10 m2/s) exceeds that observed in Gr (2.0 × 10 − 11 m2/s). Besides, the presence of Gr assists in maintaining the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of Gr/BAs heterostructures in the range of 0-1 V. The theoretical specific capacity of proposed heterostructure reaches 920 mAh/g. The present calculations suggest that the Gr/BAs heterostructure could serve effectively as an anode in LIBs due to its excellent electrical conductivity, small diffusion barriers and appropriate open-circuit voltage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon spheres are appealing anode materials for advanced sodium ions batteries. However, several major hurdles to address are the stress-accumulation associated with the drastic volume change, the sluggish sodium ions diffusion kinetics, and poor electrochemically active sites inside. Herein, the von Mises stress distribution uncovers the critical role of the radial channel on the strain relaxation behavior based on the finite element method. Based on the finite element simulation, the radial porous hollow carbon spheres are proposed and synthesized by a universal strategy with a hard-template approach and dynamic graphitization. RPHCSs dominate opened micro-mesoporous features through the shell. With fast sodium ion diffusivity kinetics and much more accessible electrochemical active sites in shell, RPHCSs electrodes deliver a high specific capacity of 103.0 mAh g−1 even at 4000 mA g−1 with a high capacity contribution ratio > 0.1 V (81.1 %), suggesting its great superiority in the application of high-rate sodium ions storage. Such architecture provides a promising structural platform for the fabrication of high-performance carbon spheres material for other electrochemical energy storage systems. [Display omitted] • Radial channel in a hollow carbon sphere can effectively regulate and release the strain induced from sodiation. • Radial pores in resin-derived hollow carbon spheres can be engineered by nickel ions etching strategy. • Radial porous hollow carbon spheres show great outstanding superiority in high-rate and high-safe sodium ions batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hierarchical multi-dimensional MGO-NS/CNT was presented as anode material for LIBs. The hierarchical multi-dimensional structure is beneficial to mass transfer of lithium ion/electrolyte/electron and alleviation of the volume expansion during the charge–discharge process. The MGO-NS/CNT exhibits a specific capacity of 800 mAh·g−1 at a large current density of 2000 mA g−1. After 150 charge/discharge cycles, the cycle retention rate is 84.51 %. [Display omitted] • A hierarchical multi-dimensional MGO-NS/CNT was presented as anode material for LIBs. • The hierarchical multi-dimensional structure is beneficial to mass transfer of lithium ion/electrolyte/electron. • The hierarchical multi-dimensional structure is beneficial to alleviation of the volume expansion. • The MGO-NS/CNT exhibits a specific capacity of 800 mAh·g−1 at a large current density of 2000 mA g−1. • After 150 charge/discharge cycles, the cycle retention rate is 84.51 %. The escalating demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has led to a surge in the development of energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), already a well-established technology, play a pivotal role in today's society. Nevertheless, the limited theoretical specific capacity of graphite-based anode materials currently utilized in LIBs restricts their widespread practical applications. Therefore, in this study, the Mn 2 GeO 4 based anode materials with different morphologies (such as one-dimensional nanowires, two-dimensional nanosheet and three-dimensional irregular nanoparticles) were successfully prepared through facile hydrothermal reaction or calcination. Notably, the experimental results revealed that the two-dimensional Mn 2 GeO 4 nanosheet (MGO-NS) sample exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to the other two samples. Moreover, the MGO-NS was further modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form MGO-NS/CNT composite for enhanced stability. Upon conducting electrochemical tests, it was evident that the discharge specific capacity and cycling stability of the composite were significantly improved, holding promise for future energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnFe2O4 as an anode that is believed to attractive. Due to its large theoretical capacity, this electrode is ideal for Lithium-ion batteries. However, the performance of ZnFe2O4 while charging and discharging is limited by its volume growth. In the present study, carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 is synthesized by the sol–gel method. Carbon is coated on the spherical surface of ZnFe2O4 by in situ coating. In situ carbon coating alleviates volume expansion during electrochemical performance and Lithium-ion mobility is accelerated, and electron transit is accelerated; thus, carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 show good electrochemical performance. After 50 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1, the battery had a discharge capacity of 1312 mAh·g−1 and a capacity of roughly 1220 mAh·g−1. The performance of carbon-coated ZnFe2O4 as an improved anode is electrochemically used for Li-ion energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have become an auspicious candidate for large‐scale energy storage by cause of low cost, natural abundance, and similar working principle with lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). At present, there is an urgent need to explore superior anode materials with rapid and stable sodiation/desodiation. Herein, 3D self‐assembled VS4 curly nanosheets hierarchitectures (VS4‐CN‐Hs) are developed for SIB anodes, where VS4 possesses a large theoretical sodium storage capacity, and the building block of nanosheets has large exposed surface area to the electrolyte as well as the constructed hierarchitectures can provide abundant buffer space to alleviate the volume expansion. As a result, VS4‐CN‐Hs anode possesses excellent electrochemical performance under a wide voltage window of 0.01–3.0 V, such as high reversible capacity of 863 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, marvelous rate feature (444 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1), and extralong cycle stability (386 mA h g−1 after 1000 times at 5 A g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently available graphitic‐based anodes for lithium‐ion storage do not meet the present‐day energy requirements. Concerning the upcoming energy demands, it is necessary to discover high‐performance anode materials that are suitable for lithium‐ion energy storage systems. Herein, a CoV2O6 (cobalt vanadium oxide, cobalt vanadate denoted as CV) anode material using a simple solvothermal technique is synthesized. Furthermore, the effects of modifying the molar concentration of the precursor materials are investigated. Interestingly, there is no change in the crystal structure, but there is a morphological evolution in the materials. Due to the morphological variations, the electrochemical performances vary significantly. Among the synthesized materials, the CV‐2 compound performs the best, exhibiting excellent performance for lithium‐ion batteries as an anode. At the end of 500 cycles, the material delivers a specific discharge capacity of 391.03 mAh g−1 with a current density of 500 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rational design of ternary transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage and conversion application is highly desirable due to their synergetic effect and structural modifications. In this regards, binder‐free urchin‐like Mn substituted NiCo2O4 microspheres grown on conducting substrate by co‐precipitation method followed by calcination. Direct growth of active material on nickel foam (Mn0.1Ni0.9Co2O4/NF) results in a high reversible capacity of 1076 mAh/g at current density of 1.6 A/g and excellent stability of 350 cycles. As compared to bimetallic NiCo2O4, improved electrochemical performance of Mn substituted NiCo2O4 is mainly ascribed to the 3D structure with high surface area and abundant mesopores, which can efficiently reduce the diffusion length of ions and improve the structural stability by providing enough space for volume expansion during delithiation/lithiation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]