25 results on '"mercados de energía"'
Search Results
2. Modelo de requisitos para la renovación tecnológica de los sistemas de administración del mercado de energía en Colombia.
- Author
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Cañas C., Miguel Ángel, Bedoya Ramírez, Ángela María, and Agudelo, Lilliam Urrego
- Subjects
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ENERGY industries , *ENERGY consumption , *INDUSTRIAL management , *PRODUCTION standards , *ELECTRIC utilities , *STANDARDIZATION - Abstract
With the purpose of conducting a technological renewal of the systems that support the energy market management in Colombia, a new model of requirements addressing in detail the modeling of processes, together with software specifications, has been developed. The new model provides relevant guidelines to use GMPN and UML standards and is supported by the company's experience in market management processes. This article shows the results found after applying the new model of requirements intended to gain knowledge on market management process, formal representation of processes, improvement of traceability between system specifications and the process, and standardization of the understanding of processes by several stakeholders involved. This article further exhibits the results from the application of the model based on the technological renewal within the COLCIENCIAS technological research project "CNBT 833559938649, a System for Electric Energy Market Management in Colombia, Phase I." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
3. Propuesta metodológica para la renovación de los sistemas y procesos de administración de los mercados eléctricos: el caso colombiano.
- Author
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Urrego, Lilliam, Ángel Cañas, Miguel, Camilo Arbeláez, Juan, and Ceballos, Adrián
- Subjects
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ENERGY consumption , *ELECTRIC power production , *ELECTRIC power , *ENERGY policy , *SUSTAINABILITY , *INFORMATION & communication technologies , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The electricity market has been developed in Colombia since 1995, has strengthened institutionally, its development has been dynamic, and also has solved different difficulties. Management systems, that support the market administration, have evolved following this development, however some of these are isolated from each other, or have been developed on different platforms making it difficult to ensure sustainability, maintenance and to incorporate changes. As referenced with other markets in the world, great dynamics is observed in incorporating information and communication technologies, regulatory developments or customer requirements. A technological renovation that preserves the acquired knowledge is required, and that allows easily incorporate the development trends of the market. This article presents the results of the proposed methodology for technological renovation framed in Colciencias CNBT 833559938649 technological research project, in management system for electric power market in Colombia, Phase I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. VALORACIÓN DE FUENTES RENOVABLES NO CONVENCIONALES DE GENERACIÓN DE ELECTRICIDAD: UN ENFOQUE DESDE LAS OPCIONES REALES.
- Author
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Isaza Cuervo, Felipe
- Abstract
In this paper the investment opportunities in emerging power generation technologies, which are considered risky investments due to the volatility of the market price of electricity, are valuated. This analysis uses both the theoretical framework for valuing real options proposed by Dixit and Pindyck (1994) and theoretical information of investment and operational costs for the technologies being analyzed. The model allows a calculation of the value of the investment opportunity and the optimal trigger price to invest in these technologies within the Colombian electricity market conditions. Results show that under current market conditions investors should defer the investment until a required optimal trigger price is found, results which also correspond to the pattern observed in the Colombian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Blockchain technology as a tool to improve the structure and functioning of electricity markets
- Author
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Peña García, Juliana and Manrique Diaz, Oscar Gonzalo
- Subjects
Blockchain ,Cuarta revolución industrial ,Energía eléctrica ,Mercados de energía ,330 - Economía ,Startups ,Mercado ,Fourth Industrial Revolution ,Energy markets - Abstract
Ilustraciones Literary review focused on how blockchain technology is applied in the most important electricity markets around the world, since it has become one of the most influential tools in the transformation that this sector is experiencing and one of the most revolutionary within technologies framed in what is now known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This in order to identify and try to anticipate the possible impacts on the structure of the energy market in Colombia and the regulatory base on which it works, in order to particularize and take references that help to constitute the energy transition that is already underway. is giving in the country. A systematic literature search was carried out in order to collect, synthesize and analyze the studies and empirical evidence on the subject, mainly in the countries that stood out worldwide for being the most innovative, allowing a deeper interpretation of the data. According to the registered information, many startups that are dedicated to researching the subject and developing blockchain implementations in controlled energy systems were evidenced, where significant contributions have been observed in the quality, timeliness, efficiency and dynamism of the electricity market, however before to achieve large implementations it is clear that some issues must be solved and defined, for example regulatory aspects. Revisión literaria centrada en cómo la tecnología blockchain es aplicada en los mercados de energía eléctrica más importantes alrededor del mundo, toda vez que se ha convertido en una de las herramientas más influyentes en la transformación que vive este sector y una de las más revolucionarias dentro de las tecnologías enmarcadas en lo que hoy se conoce como la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Esto con el fin de identificar y tratar de anticipar los posibles impactos en la estructura del mercado de energía en Colombia y la base regulatoria sobre la cual este funciona, para de este modo particularizar y tomar referencias que ayuden a constituir la transición energética que ya se está dando en el país. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura con el fin de recopilar, sintetizar y analizar los estudios y evidencias empíricas del tema principalmente en los países destacados a nivel mundial por ser los más innovadores, posibilitando una interpretación de los datos más profunda. Según la información registrada se evidenciaron muchas startups que están dedicadas a investigar sobre el tema y a desarrollar implementaciones de blockchain en sistemas de energía controlados, en donde se han observado aportes significativos en la calidad, oportunidad, eficiencia y dinamismo del mercado eléctrico, no obstante antes de lograr grandes implementaciones es claro que se deberán solucionar y definir algunos temas por ejemplo los aspectos de tipo regulatorio. (texto tomado de la fuente) Maestría Magister en Ciencias Económicas
- Published
- 2021
6. Marco regulatorio para la incorporación de almacenamiento con baterías en centrales hidroeléctricas a lo de agua
- Author
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Lopez Gonzalez, Andrea and Marulanda Guerra, Agustín
- Subjects
Energy storage ,Almacenamiento de energía ,Proyectos híbridos ,Mercados de energía ,Hybrid projects ,Energy markets - Abstract
El presente documento analiza el potencial del almacenamiento de energía en centrales Hidroeléctricas a filo de agua en Colombia, con el objetivo de brindar flexibilidad y seguridad en la operación. La metodología utilizada inicia con el análisis de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía más adecuada para incorporar en centrales hidroeléctricas a filo de agua. Posteriormente, se identifican las aplicaciones con baterías para el híbrido: central hidroeléctrica a filo de agua y sistema de almacenamiento de energía con baterías. Luego, se realiza el análisis comparado internacional para identificar las aplicaciones de almacenamiento con baterías, los mercados eléctricos asociados y mecanismos. También se revisa la regulación y proyectos en curso del híbrido en centrales nuevas de cinco países: Chile, Alemania, Francia, Estados Unidos (Interconexión Pensilvania, Nueva Jersey, Maryland) y Australia. El resultado del estudio arroja que la tecnología de almacenamiento más adecuada para incorporar en una planta hidroeléctrica a _lo de agua es el sistema de almacenamiento de Energía con baterías. Para el mercado Colombiano actual, el potencial del híbrido: sistema de almacenamiento de energía con baterías y planta hidroeléctrica a filo de agua se concentra en las plantas despachadas centralmente, particularmente para la aplicación regulación primaria de frecuencia, regulación secundaria de frecuencia, regulación de tensión; así como para microrredes. En el escenario de mercado futuro se proyectan otras aplicaciones como inercia, arranque en negro; bajo la condición de una ampliación del mercado de servicios complementarios. Adicionalmente, se planteó un marco regulatorio que sugiere la creación de una asociación de almacenamiento de energía que une a los interesados en el almacenamiento de energía para la formulación, financiamiento y promoción de proyectos híbridos en Colombia. También plantea la definición de los posibles híbridos de almacenamiento de energía con sus respectivas aplicaciones y mecanismos de mercado. Así mismo recomienda establecer los requisitos para otorgar licencias, tanto ambientales como técnicos, entre los aspectos más relevantes., This document analyzes energy storage potential of run of the river hydroelectric plants in Colombia, focus on providing flexibility and security in the electrical system. The methodology used begins with the analysis of the most suitable energy storage technology to incorporate at run of the river hydroelectric plants. Subsequently, battery applications for the run of the river hydroelectric plants and battery energy storage system hybrid are identified. Then, the international comparative analysis is carried out to identify the battery storage applications, the associated electricity markets and the most prominent mechanisms as references for the national context. The regulation and ongoing projects of run of the river hydroelectric plants battery energy storage hybrid are also reviewed in plants in _ve countries: Chile, Germany, France, the United States (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland Interconnection) and Australia. The result of the study shows that the most suitable storage technology to incorporate in a run of the river hydroelectric plant is lithium ion batteries. For the current Colombian market, the potential of the run of the river hydroelectric plant and battery energy storage system focus on centrally dispatched plants, particularly for the application of primary frequency regulation, as well as rolling reserve in microgrids. In the future market scenario, other applications are projected such as voltage regulation, inertia, black start; under the condition of an expansion of the ancillary services market. Additionally, a regulatory framework was developed which suggests the creation of an energy storage association that unites those interested in energy storage for the design, financing and promotion of hybrid projects in Colombia. It also raises the need to define possible hybrid projects with batteries, their respective applications and market mechanisms. It also recommends to the regulator, to establish environmental and technical requirements, and some incentives to speed up the inclusion of batteries in the Colombian electricity market., Maestría, Magíster en Ingeniería Eléctrica
- Published
- 2021
7. A combined pool/bilateral dispatch model for electricity markets with security constraints.
- Author
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López-Lezama, Jesús María, Granada-Echeverri, Mauricio, and Gallego-Pareja, Luis A.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power , *POWER resources , *TEST systems , *ELECTRIC utilities , *ELECTRIC power systems , *ENERGY industries - Abstract
The secure operation of the electric power system is a challenging task for the system operator which is responsible of its coordination, control and monitoring. In most power systems security is typically handled on a multi state approach. In which case, security criteria are incorporated by means of additional constraints, modifying the initial dispatch calculation. In this paper a generation dispatch model for competitive energy markets considering security constraints is presented. The proposed approach combines the generation dispatch related to pool and bilateral markets with coupled post contingency optimal power flows into a single optimal dispatch model, avoiding economic inefficiencies that appear in conventional multi-stage dispatch approaches. The proposed model is linear, and as such, it is based on a DC model of the network. A 6 bus didactic system and the IEEE RTS-24 bus test system are used in order to show the operation and effectiveness of the proposed approach and to compare it with the basic pool/bilateral dispatch with no security constraints. Results show that the inclusion of security constraints lead to a higher dispatch cost. Furthermore, it was found that the enforcement of firmed bilateral contracts might lead to system congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
8. Modelo AC para el despacho combinado de contratos bilaterales y bolsa de energía considerando restricciones de seguridad.
- Author
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López-Lezama, Jesús María, Granada-Echeverri, Mauricio, and Gallego-Pareja, Luis Alfonso
- Subjects
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ELECTRIC industries , *MATHEMATICAL models , *ELECTRIC transformers , *ELECTRIC lines , *ELECTRIC power systems - Abstract
Reliability is a key aspect in power system design and planning. Maintaining a reliable power system is a very important issue for their design and operation. Under the new competitive framework of the electricity sector, power systems find ever more and more strained to operate near their limits. Under this new scenario, it is crucial for the system operator to use tools that facilitate an energy dispatch that minimizes possible power cuts. This paper presents a mathematical model to calculate an energy dispatch that considers security constraints (single contingencies in transmission lines and transformers). The model involves pool markets and fixed bilateral contracts. Traditional methodologies that include security constraints are usually based in multistage dispatch processes. In this case, we propose a single-stage model that avoids the economic inefficiencies which result when conventional multi-stage dispatch approaches are applied. The proposed model includes an AC representation of the transport system and allows calculating the cost overruns incurred in due to reliability restrictions. We found that complying with fixed bilateral contracts, when they go above certain levels, might lead to congestion problems in transmission lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
9. Precios, inversión y economía política de la energía eléctrica.
- Author
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Benavides, Juan
- Subjects
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ELECTRICITY , *PRICES , *INVESTMENTS , *PRACTICAL politics , *ELECTRIC utilities , *TRANSACTION costs - Abstract
This piece puts together several strands of conceptual themes that are central to the design of electricity market architectures. It starts by delineating the economic characteristics of electricity (whose wholesale markets are inherently incomplete and imperfectly competitive). The role and scope of frequent price adaptation as a welfare maximizing tool is also discussed, as well as the complementary nature of price adaptation and capacity expansion, which can be compactly expressed with the help of variational inequalities. Finally, it points out some of the real-politik constraints that emerge in the process of reforming publicly-owned electricity systems and concludes with the need of using a transaction-cost approach in the reform design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Optimization models for portfolio problems of a hydroelectric company in a power market enviroment
- Author
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Silva, Tiago Forti da, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Nepomuceno, Leonardo [UNESP]
- Subjects
Sistemas de energia elétrica ,Mercados ,Portfolio problem ,Problema de portfólio ,Stochastic optimization ,Otimização estocástica ,Mercados de energia ,Energy markets ,Otimização matemática - Abstract
Submitted by Tiago Forti da Silva (tiago.forti@unesp.br) on 2019-09-19T21:56:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Tiago.pdf: 1047221 bytes, checksum: c17554c027ffdf28c95513087cd63d3c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Celia Silva Cruz Morales (celiascmorales@gmail.com) on 2019-09-20T12:03:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_tf_dr_bauru.pdf: 1047221 bytes, checksum: c17554c027ffdf28c95513087cd63d3c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-20T12:03:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_tf_dr_bauru.pdf: 1047221 bytes, checksum: c17554c027ffdf28c95513087cd63d3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Uma companhia geradora em um sistema elétrico descentralizado pode comercializar energia através de contratos bilaterais e de futuros, além de participar de diferentes merca- dos, como os do dia-seguinte, ajustes e regulação. A companhia deve decidir sua atuação buscando uma relação de compromisso entre lucro e risco, de acordo com o seu per l de investimento, o que recebe o nome de problema de portfólio. Para o caso particular de um gerador hidrelétrico, esse problema apresenta características adicionais, como o gerencia- mento dos reservatórios ao longo do ano e a transmissão hidráulica entre as usinas, cujas implicações são pouco investigadas na literatura atual. O primeiro problema analisado neste trabalho consiste no portfólio de uma companhia hidrelétrica decidindo sua atuação nos mercados de futuros e pool para um período de 1 ano. Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo de otimização estocástica linear inteiro misto para este problema, considerando restrições hidráulicas e de mensuração de risco, sendo aplicado em um sistema de testes com 15 usinas hidrelétricas. O segundo problema considerado é o portfólio de uma com- panhia hidrelétrica planejando sua participação nos mercados do dia-seguinte, ajustes e regulação para um período de 24 horas. Foi proposto um modelo de otimização estocás- tica quadrático inteiro misto para este problema, incluindo a linearização da função de produção, restrições hidráulicas e de mensuração do risco, sendo aplicado em um sistema de teste composto por uma cascata com oito usinas hidrelétricas. An energy generation company acting in a decentralized power market have the option to commercialize its energy using bilateral and futures contracts, in addition to partici- pate in di erent trading arenas, like the day-ahead, regulation and adjustment markets. The company should decide its participation aiming at a balance between pro ts and as- sociated risk, known as the portfolio problem. Considering a hydroelectric company, this problem has additional characteristics, like the reservoir's management over the year and the hydraulic transmission between the plants in the same hydraulic cascade, whose im- plications are hardly investigated in the current literature. The rst problem analyzed in this work is the portfolio of a hydroelectric company looking for the optimal participation in the futures and pool markets through 1-year period. We propose a linear stochastic mixed-integer optimization model for this problem, including hydraulic constraints and risk measurement, which is tested in a system composed by fteen hydroelectric plants. The second problem analyzed in this work is the portfolio of a hydroelectric company planning its participation in the day-ahead, regulation and adjustment markets for a 24- hours period. We propose a quadratic stochastic mixed-integer optimization model for this problem, including the energy production curve linearization, hydraulic constraints and risk measurement, which is applied to a cascade with eight hydroelectric plants.
- Published
- 2019
11. Modelo de requisitos para la renovación tecnológica de los sistemas de administración del mercado de energía en Colombia
- Author
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Lilliam Urrego Agudelo, Angela Maria Bedoya Ramirez, and Miguel Angel Cañas C.
- Subjects
lcsh:T ,020209 energy ,BPMN ,Technological renewal ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Energy markets ,lcsh:Technology ,UML ,Mercados de energía ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Market management systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Sistemas de administración de mercados ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Renovación tecnológica - Abstract
En el marco de la renovación tecnológica de los sistemas que soportan la administración del mercado de electricidad en Colombia, se desarrolla un nuevo modelo de requisitos que aborda en detalle el modelado de los procesos junto con la especificación de software. El nuevo modelo determina lineamientos para usar los estándares BPMN y UML, y se apoya en la experiencia de la compañía en los procesos de administración del mercado. Este artículo presenta los resultados encontrados al aplicar el nuevo modelo de requisitos, que busca la captura del conocimiento del proceso de administrar mercados, la representación formal de los procesos, mejorar la trazabilidad entre la especificación de los sistemas y el proceso y unificar el entendimiento de los procesos de los diferentes stakeholders involucrados. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la aplicación del modelo enmarcado en la renovación tecnológica dentro del proyecto Colciencias CNBT 833559938649 de investigación tecnológica, Sistema para la administración del mercado de energía eléctrica en Colombia, Fase I. With the purpose of conducting a technological renewal of the systems that support the energy market management in Colombia, a new model of requirements addressing in detail the modeling of processes, together with software specifications, has been developed. The new model provides relevant guidelines to use GMPN and UML standards and is supported by the company’s experience in market management processes. This article shows the results found after applying the new model of requirements intended to gain knowledge on market management process, formal representation of processes, improvement of traceability between system specifications and the process, and standardization of the understanding of processes by several stakeholders involved. This article further exhibits the results from the application of the model based on the technological renewal within the COLCIENCIAS technological research project “CNBT 833559938649, a System for Electric Energy Market Management in Colombia, Phase I.”
- Published
- 2016
12. Determination of regulatory and economical frameworks to enable investments in energy storage systems in electricity distribution networks
- Author
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Daza, Eric Fernando Boeck, Sperandio, Mauricio, Bernardon, Daniel Pinheiro, Canha, Luciane Neves, Brigatto, Gelson Antônio Andrêa, and Santos, Moises Machado
- Subjects
Economia em sistemas de energia ,Regulação econômica ,Electricity distribution ,Energy storage systems ,Distribuição de energia elétrica ,Sistemas de armazenamento de energia ,Economics in energy systems ,Geração distribuída ,Mercados de energia ,Distributed generation ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA ELETRICA [CNPQ] ,Energy markets ,Economic regulation - Abstract
In this work, it is presented a methodology for analyzing the insertion of energy storage systems in electric energy distribution networks. This methodology consists of modeling the current regulatory policy with its various topologies as input data, and as output data, the maximum possible cost that the energy storage system may have to be considered feasible by the potential investor. The proposed method allows the validation of which energy storage technologies are feasible or not, and which technological development they need to achieve considering the regulatory framework in which they are inserted and through simulations with standard distribution networks and using worldwide economical reference values. The main contribution of the work is to consider the economic and regulatory dynamics and its high flexibility in being applied in any region or country and thus propose new regulatory frameworks to encourage the installation of energy storage systems. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia de análise de inserção de sistemas de armazenamento de energia em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Esta metodologia consiste em modelar como dados de entrada a política regulatória vigente, com suas diversas topologias, e como dado de saída o custo máximo possível que o sistema de armazenamento de energia poderá possuir para ser considerado viável pelo potencial investidor. O método proposto permite validar quais tecnologias de armazenamento de energia são viáveis ou não, ou ainda qual deve ser o desenvolvimento tecnológico que necessitam atingir, considerando o arranjo regulatório em que estão inseridas e através de simulações com redes de distribuição padrões e valores econômicos de referência mundial. A grande contribuição do trabalho está em considerar a dinâmica econômica e regulatória e sua alta flexibilidade em ser aplicado em qualquer região ou país e assim propor novos marcos regulatórios para incentivar a instalação de sistemas de armazenamento de energia.
- Published
- 2018
13. PRONÓSTICO DA DEMANDA MENSAL DE ELECTRICIDADE COM SÉRIES DE TEMPO
- Author
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Gil Vera, Víctor Daniel
- Subjects
Demanda mensual de electricidad ,Time series ,Demanda mensal de eletricidade ,Monthly electricity demand ,mercados de energía ,Mercados de energia ,modelos de pronóstico ,series de tiempo ,Modelos de prognóstico ,Forecasting models ,Energy markets ,Séries de tempo - Abstract
La alta volatilidad de los precios de la electricidad ha motivado a diseñar a investigadores y académicos modelos que permitan pronosticar la demanda de la misma en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de pronóstico de la demanda mensual de electricidad basado en series de tiempo, el cual toma como base los valores de la demanda de energía eléctrica en el Sistema Interconectado Nacional (SIN) de Colombia en el período 2008-2014. Se concluye que las series de tiempo aplicadas al pronóstico de la demanda de electricidad permiten predecir con un alto grado de exactitud demandas futuras de energía eléctrica (GWh), información que puede generar ventajas a productores, distribuidores y grandes consumidores a la hora de establecer estrategias, optimizar su operación y realizar contratos bilaterales. The high volatility of electricity prices has motivated researchers and academics to design models that will enable the forecast of electricity demand in short, medium and long terms. This paper presents a model for forecasting the monthly electricity demand based on time series. The model uses the electricity demand values of Colombia's National Interconnected System (NIS) for the 2008-2014 period as its base. It was concluded that the time series applied to the electricity demand forecast enable a high accuracy level of prediction of future electricity demands (GWh), information which can lead to advantages for producers, distributors and large consumers when establishing strategies, streamlining operations and reaching bilateral agreements. A alta volatilidade dos preços da eletricidade tem motivado a desenhar a pesquisadores e académicos modelos que permitam pronosticar a demanda da mesma no curto, médio e longo prazo. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de pronóstico da demanda mensal de eletricidade baseado em séries de tempo, o qual toma como base os valores da demanda de energia elétrica no Sistema Interconectado Nacional (SIN) da Colômbia no período 2008-2014. Conclui-se que as séries de tempo aplicadas ao pronóstico da demanda de eletricidade permitem predizer com um alto grau de exatidão demandas futuras de energia elétrica (GWh), informação que pode gerar vantagens a produtores, revendedores e grandes consumidores à hora de estabelecer estratégias, otimizar sua operação e realizar contratos bilaterais.
- Published
- 2016
14. Síntesis metodológica para el estudio y representación de dinámicas complejas de mercados eléctricos
- Author
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Valencia Calvo, Johnny, Franco Cardona, Carlos Jaime, Olivar Tost, Gerard, and Dyner, Isaac
- Subjects
Mapas de Poincaré ,Metodología, modelado y simulación ,Poincaré maps ,Switching maps ,0 Generalidades / Computer science, information and general works ,Methodology ,Modeling and simulation ,Piece wise discontinuous ,System dynamics ,Energy markets ,Comportamiento complejo ,Mercados de energía ,62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering ,Complex behavior ,Dynamical systems ,Bifurcation ,Dinámica de sistemas ,33 Economía / Economics ,Sistemas dinámicos - Abstract
En el siguiente documento de tesis doctoral, se propone un enfoque de análisis cualitativo y con este una síntesis metodológica, para definir y comprender el comportamiento complejo de un mercado de electricidad nacional. Para tal fin, se presenta una propuesta metodolo ́gica que rescata el conjunto de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias, para un modelo basado en dinámica de sistemas, cuyo propósito es reunir las principales caracter ́ısticas de un mercado de electricidad nacional fundamentado en la estrategia económica de oferta y demanda. Como se mostrará a lo largo de la tesis, el propósito de la misma se fundamenta en el aprove- chamiento y la manera en que para mercados de electricidad es posible utilizar la dinámica de sistemas y los sistemas din ́amicos con un solo prop ́osito, la formulación de elementos de política eneroéica. Abstract: In this work a qualitative analysis approach is proposed in order to define and understand the complex behavior in a national electricity market. We consider a set of ordinary diffe- rential equations that describe the main features of a national electricity market, based on demand and supply side economy strategy. Until now, no work has been reported related to this topic using bifurcations criteria. The growing interest in personal ways of self-generation using renewable sources can lead the national grid to a standstill and low investment in the system. However, it is important to preserve the national grid as a power supply support to domestic and enterprise demand. In order to understand this scenario, we include a piece wise modeling and analysis. Under this hypothesis, the market exhibits numerical, policy and mode sensibility. Also, a bifurcation appears related to a policy which involves the variation of the capacity charge. As a first important result, we found that it is possible to preserve the investments in the market since, through the capacity charge parameter, the system dynamics can be controlled. From a mathematical point of view, according to the value of the capacity charge, the equilibrium of the set of equations can be feasible or virtual; also a set of pseudoequilibria appear. Then, from a business approach, it is necessary to know the effects of the strategic policy in the system scheme. Doctorado
- Published
- 2016
15. Previsão do Consumo de Instalações Elétricas e do Preço da Eletricidade no Mercado Ibérico com base em Redes Neuronais
- Author
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Sousa, Diogo Boldt Pereira de and Vale, Zita Maria Almeida do
- Subjects
Mercados de Energia ,Redes Neuronais Artificiais ,Tarifas Dinâmicas ,Energy Markets ,Forecast ,Dynamic Pricing ,Previsão ,Artificial Neural Networks - Abstract
Submitted by Manuel Brandão (recipp@sc.ipp.pt) on 2017-12-15T11:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_DiogoSousa_2016_MEESE.pdf: 18230630 bytes, checksum: 3671505cf539f3982b9ab87a1c4b1c28 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2017-12-19T11:47:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_DiogoSousa_2016_MEESE.pdf: 18230630 bytes, checksum: 3671505cf539f3982b9ab87a1c4b1c28 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T11:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_DiogoSousa_2016_MEESE.pdf: 18230630 bytes, checksum: 3671505cf539f3982b9ab87a1c4b1c28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
- Published
- 2016
16. Methodological proposal for systems and electricity markets management processes renewal: the colombian case
- Author
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Urrego, Lilliam, XM S. A., Cañas, Miguel Ángel, Arbeláez, Juan Camilo, and Ceballos, Adrián
- Subjects
renovación tecnológica ,Systems Management ,sistemas de administración ,energy markets ,mercados de energía ,BPMN ,Technological renovation - Abstract
The electricity market has been developed in Colombia since 1995, has strengthened institutionally, its development has been dynamic, and also has solved different difficulties. Management systems, that support the market administration, have evolved following this development, however some of these are isolated from each other, or have been developed on different platforms making it difficult to ensure sustainability, maintenance and to incorporate changes. As referenced with other markets in the world, great dynamics is observed in incorporating information and communication technologies, regulatory developments or customer requirements. A technological renovation that preserves the acquired knowledge is required, and that allows easily incorporate the development trends of the market. This article presents the results of the proposed methodology for technological renovation framed in Colciencias CNBT 833559938649 technological research project, in management system for electric power market in Colombia, Phase I. El mercado eléctrico ha evolucionado en Colombia desde 1995, fortaleciéndose institucionalmente, dinamizando su desarrollo, y enfrentando grandes desafíos. Los sistemas de administración, que soportan el funcionamiento del mercado, han evolucionado a la par, aunque algunos se encuentran aislados entre sí o han sido desarrollados en plataformas diferentes, lo que dificulta la sostenibilidad y el mantenimiento, y reducen la facilidad de incorporar cambios. Al referenciarse con otros mercados en el mundo, se observa gran dinámica en la incorporación de tecnologías en información y comunicaciones, avances regulatorios o requerimientos de clientes. Se requiere una renovación tecnológica que conserve el conocimiento adquirido, y permita incorporar fácilmente las tendencias del mercado. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la propuesta metodológica para la renovación tecnológica enmarcada en el proyecto Colciencias CNBT 833559938649 de investigación tecnológica, Sistema para la administración del mercado de energía eléctrica en Colombia, Fase I.
- Published
- 2015
17. Avaliação de fontes renováveis não convencionais de geração de energia: um enfoque a partir das opções reais
- Author
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Isaza Cuervo, Felipe
- Subjects
opções reais ,renewable energies ,mercados de energia ,energy markets ,Real options ,mercados de electricidad ,Opciones reales ,energias renováveis ,energías renovables - Abstract
En este artículo se valoran las oportunidades de inversión en tecnologías emergentes de generación de electricidad, las cuales se consideran altamente riesgosas por la volatilidad del precio de mercado de la electricidad. Se utiliza el modelo propuesto por Dixit y Pindyck (1994) e información teórica de costos de inversión y operación para las tecnologías analizadas y se encuentra el valor de la oportunidad y precio óptimo de mercado para invertir en estas tecnologías en el contexto colombiano. Los resultados evidencian que para las condiciones actuales de mercado, los inversionistas requieren un precio mayor de mercado y la conveniencia de diferir la inversión, coincidiendo con el comportamiento observado en el mercado colombiano. In this paper the investment opportunities in emerging power generation technologies, which are considered risky investments due to the volatility of the market price of electricity, are valuated. This analysis uses both the theoretical framework for valuing real options proposed by Dixit and Pindyck (1994) and theoretical information of investment and operational costs for the technologies being analyzed. The model allows a calculation of the value of the investment opportunity and the optimal trigger price to invest in these technologies within the Colombian electricity market conditions. Results show that under current market conditions investors should defer the investment until a required optimal trigger price is found, results which also correspond to the pattern observed in the Colombian market. Neste artigo, sao avaliadas as oportunidades de investimento em tecnologias emergentes de geração de energia, as quais sao consideradas altamente arriscadas pela volatilidade do preco de mercado da energia. Utiliza-se o modelo proposto por Dixit e Pindyck (1994), bem como informação teórica de custos de investimento e operação para as tecnologias analisadas e constata-se o valor da oportunidade e do preco ideal de mercado para investir nessas tecnologias no contexto colombiano. Os resultados evidenciam que, para as condições atuais de mercado, os investidores requerem um preco maior de mercado e a conveniência de diferir o investimento, o que coincide com o comportamento observado no mercado colombiano.
- Published
- 2015
18. Evaluación de diferentes señales de expansión en el mercado eléctrico colombiano desde el punto de vista del inversionista
- Author
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Ramírez Arbeláez, Lina Marcela and Franco, Carlos Jaime
- Subjects
Mechanism of capacity ,Capacity payments ,Mercados de energía ,Pagos por capacidad ,Señales de Inversión ,Mecanismos de capacidad ,Reliability charge ,Inversion signal ,Energy markets ,65 Gerencia y servicios auxiliares / Management and public relations ,Cargo por confiabilidad - Abstract
Resumen: Las señales de expansión en generación, tales como los precios de bolsa y los mercados de capacidad, son elementos para incentivar a los inversionistas y asegurar la confiabilidad del sector eléctrico. Estas señales juegan un papel importante en países como Colombia, donde el sector eléctrico es poco diversificado y ante cambios climáticos como el niño, se producen desajustes importantes del lado de la oferta, que dificultan el logro del equilibrio real entre demanda y oferta. La tendencia de las señales de expansión en generación en Europa y Colombia, se basa en mercados de capacidad a largo plazo, mientras que en los Estados Unidos se basan en mecanismos a corto plazo. Donde cada mecanismo busca incentivar la generación para mantener un balance entre la oferta y demanda. De este modo, en este trabajo final de maestría se analizan y comparan las señales de expansión de varios mercado eléctricos del mundo y el colombiano, con el fin de encontrar la mejor medida que motive al inversionista, para garantizar la existencia de adecuadas reservas de generación. Abstract: Generation expansion signals, as LMP, poll prices and capacity markets, are elements for incentives the investment in generation and keep the reliability of the electricity sector. Such signals play an important role in countries as Colombia, where the electricity sector is little diversified, and under weather changes as El Niño can be produced important unbalance in the offer side, that difficult the equilibrium between offer and demand. The tendency of generation expansion signals from Europe and Colombia, are based on capacity markets to long term, while the United States are based on short-term mechanism. Where each mechanism is looking to ensure the adequate inversion in generation. In this way, in this work are analyzed and contrast the expansion signals of some electric markets in the world and Colombia, with the finality of looking for the best signal that motive to the investor, for ensure the existence of adequate reserves of generation. Maestría
- Published
- 2014
19. Study of interactions between the demand-side and the electricity market in the context of smart grids
- Author
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Carrijo, Artur da Silva, Lotero, Roberto Cayetano, Rocha, Carlos Roberto Mendonça da, and Zeferino, Cristiane Lionço
- Subjects
homeostatic control ,redes elétricas inteligentes ,controle homeostático ,mercados de energia ,demand response ,energy markets ,smart grids ,resposta da demanda ,ENGENHARIA ELETRICA:SISTEMAS ELETRICOS DE POTENCIA [ENGENHARIAS] - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ARTUR CARRIJO2.pdf: 2100488 bytes, checksum: 46e631e94e2bb6d4c69d8d2891f6e200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 The electricity market has many participants performing various roles. In the context of Smart Grids, it expands the number of participating agents and, consequently, the number, the competition and complexity of the interactions between them. The competition allows consumersto discover and explore energy sources of low cost but requires the consumer other interactions beyond the traditional relationship with the distribution company (distco). With the redefinition of the role of the consumer as a result of his active participation in the balance between supply and demand of energy, it becomes necessary to identify their interactions with the other participants, tasks, systems, subsystems and functions important to actively contribute to this balance. These interactions, called interfaces, are characterized by information that actors communicate itself to perform its functions of information collection and control tasks related to market equilibrium. The determination of these interfaces is not a trivial task because of the various alternatives for integration of the demand side. Different types and combinations of interactions between the supplier and its customers are possible. In this work will be used as a basis for discussion a concept of balance between generation and demand called homeostatic control, initially designed for a scenario of a vertically integrated monopoly. It will be studied the interactions of the consumer using the concept of homeostatic control expanded to consider the functions of demand control and integration of distributed generation and a market model that allows for consumer empowerment and within the paradigm of smart grids. O mercado de energia elétrica possui diversos participantes exercendo vários papéis. No contexto das redes elétricas inteligentes, amplia-se o número de agentes participantes e, consequentemente, o número, a competição e a complexidade das interações entre eles. A competição permite aos consumidores descobrir e explorar fontes de baixo custo, mas requer do consumidor outras interações além da tradicional relação com a empresa distribuidora. Com a redefinição do papel do consumidor, resultado da participação ativa no processo de equilíbrio entre suprimento e demanda de energia, torna-se necessário identificar suas interações com os demais participantes, tarefas, sistemas, subsistemas e funções, importantes para que contribua ativamente com esse equilíbrio. Estas interações, denominadas interfaces, são caracterizadas pelas informações que os atores comunicam em si para executar suas funções de coleta de informações e tarefas de controle relacionadas ao equilíbrio do mercado. A determinação destas interfaces não é uma tarefa trivial em razão das diversas alternativas de integração do lado da demanda. São possíveis diferentes tipos e combinações de interações entre o fornecedor e seus clientes. Neste trabalho será utilizado como base de discussão um conceito de equilíbrio entre geração e demanda denominado controle homeostático, desenhado inicialmente para um cenário de monopólio verticalmente integrado. Serão estudadas as interações do consumidor utilizando o conceito de controle homeostático ampliado para considerar as funções de controle da demanda e a integração da geração distribuída em um modelo de mercado que permite o empoderamento do consumidor dentro do paradigma das redes elétricas inteligentes.
- Published
- 2013
20. Modelamiento del mercado organizado en Colombia
- Author
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Torres Valderrama, Henry Camilo and Gallego Vega, Luis Eduardo
- Subjects
Mercados de energía ,Subastas de contratos ,Auction modeling ,Teoría de la decisión ,Modelamiento de subastas ,Energy markets ,65 Gerencia y servicios auxiliares / Management and public relations ,Decision theory ,33 Economía / Economics ,Long term supply contract auctions - Abstract
El Mercado Organizado (MOR), es un mecanismo propuesto para la adquisición centralizada de la energía destinada al sector Regulado en el Mercado de Energía Mayorista de Colombia. El MOR es una subasta de reloj descendente, la cual se caracteriza por su formato abierto (se desarrolla en rondas sucesivas) y por ser de precio uniforme. En el MOR, la demanda será representada por una curva de demanda establecida administrativamente. La curva de demanda depende de 3 parámetros: 1) La demanda objetivo, 2) el precio máximo al que se compra toda la demanda objetivo (PP1) y 3) el precio al cual se adquiere al menos un producto (PP2). Los productos de la subasta son un contrato estándar de compra de energía con un periodo de compromiso igual a un año. La subasta será dirigida por un subastador, quien maneja el ritmo de la misma a partir del tamaño de las rondas (diferencia entre el precio máximo y mínimo de cada ronda). El propósito principal de este trabajo es establecer un modelo del MOR, que permita evaluar el impacto de las variaciones de la curva de demanda y del tamaño de ronda sobre el resultado de la subasta. El modelo que se propone en este documento se divide en dos partes, 1) El modelamiento de la oferta de los generadores, desarrollada a partir de los datos históricos del mercado y conceptos de portafolios financieros, y 2) el modelamiento de la toma de decisiones en la subasta, abordado con la teoría de la decisión y el concepto de demanda residual. Este modelo fue implementado en MATLAB, y con ello se estimó el precio de cierre de la subasta bajo distintos escenarios, los cuales estaban definidos por valores particulares de PP2, PP1 y tamaño de ronda. Luego del análisis de los resultados, se pudo concluir que los parámetros de la subasta estudiados inciden sobre su optimalidad. Particularmente, PP2 tiene un alto grado de correlación con el precio de cierre. Abstract. The Organized Market (MOR) is a proposal mechanism to central acquisition of energy to regulated customers in the Colombia's wholesale market. MOR is a descendant clock auction, the main mechanism's characteristics are its the open format and its uniform price. In MOR, the demand will be represented with a demand curve fixed by the regulator. The demand curve is formed since 3 parameters: 1) Objective demand, 2) the maximum price to buy the objective demand (PP1) y 3) the maximum price (PP2). The auction product is a energy procurement standard contract with a commitment period equal to one year. the auction will be driven by an auctioneer, who will decide the round size (difference between maximum and minimum round price). The main objective of this work is set a MOR model. This model must allow to evaluate the impact of the demand curve variations y round size variations over the auction's outcomes. The proposed model is divided in two parts, 1) The generator's offer model, that was developed from market historical data and financial portfolio concepts, and 2) The decision making model, that was developed from decision theory and the residual demand concept. This model was implemented on MATLAB. Thus, it was possible to estimate the auction's clearing price under different scenarios. These scenarios was deffined by particular values of PP2, PP1 y round size. Then, from result analysis, it was concluded that the evaluated auction parameters affect the auction optimality. Specially, PP2 has high correlation with the auction clearing price. Maestría
- Published
- 2012
21. OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PORTAFOLIO DE GENERACIÓN HIDRO-TÉRMICO EN EL MERCADO ELÉCTRICO COLOMBIANO
- Author
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LEMOS CANO, SANTIAGO and BOTERO BOTERO, SERGIO
- Subjects
Mercado eléctrico colombiano ,Mercados de energía ,Energy Markets ,Frontera Eficiente ,Efficient Frontier ,Colombian Power Market ,Teoría de Portafolios ,Portfolio Theory - Abstract
Este artículo propone un análisis de la diversificación de fuentes de generación de electricidad en Colombia bajo el constructo de la Teoría de Portafolios, el cual se ha aplicado tradicionalmente al sector financiero. Se propone una metodología para identificar las series de tiempo a partir de datos del mercado y se presentan las Fronteras Eficientes calculadas para dos portafolios de generación al interior del mercado eléctrico colombiano considerando fuentes de energía hidráulicas y térmicas (a carbón y gas natural). This paper proposes a diversification analysis of power generation sources in Colombia, based on Portfolio Theory, which has been traditionally used at the financial sector. A methodology is proposed to identify time series from market data and the Efficient Frontiers are calculated for two different generation portfolios at the Colombian Electricity Market, using hydro and thermal (coal and natural gas) generation sources.
- Published
- 2012
22. Micromundo para simular un mercado eléctrico de corto plazo
- Author
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Carlos Jaime Franco, Juan David Velásquez, and David Cardona Vásquez
- Subjects
modelos del clima ,Q40 ,learning ,bolsas de energía ,jel:A22 ,C63 ,modèles du climat ,aprendizaje ,mercados de energía ,simulation par ordinateur ,simulación por computador ,apprentissage ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions ,bourses d'énergie ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,aprendizaje [Palabras clave] ,climate models ,energy markets ,computer simulation ,energy spot markets ,marchés d'énergie ,lcsh:HC10-1085 - Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un micromundo para la simulación de una bolsa de energía, el cual se elaboró en respuesta a la necesidad de facilitar el aprendizaje del esquema de bolsa de energía con despacho centralizado a los interesados en este mercado. El micromundo cuenta con un modelo climático para simular los fenómenos de El Niño y La Niña, y con un modelo para la generación de los precios de oferta de los generadores, además es altamente parametrizable y permite simular diversos tipos de mercados eléctricos. This work introduces a simulation microworld for an energy spot market. Electric utilities privatization and enforcement of market oriented architectures have been on stage in the electricity generation business for some time; one of the problems with this new approach is that market participants and interested people have not been adequately trained to operate in the new environment, therefore, this work is presented as a tool to ease the learning of the energy spot market architecture. The microworld has a climate model to simulate the El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and a model to generate the supply price of the generators, besides it is highly customizable, and can simulate diverse types of energy pricing markets. Dans ce travail on présente unmicromonde pour la simulation d'une bourse d'énergie, lequel a été élaboré comme une réponse à la nécessité de faciliter l'apprentissage du schéma de bourse d'énergie avec répartition centralisé aux intéressés dans ce marché. Le micromonde dispose d'un modèle climatique pour simuler les phénomènes de « El Niño » et « La Niña », et avec un modèle pour la génération des prix d'offre des générateurs qui est hautement paramétrable et permet de simuler de divers genre de marchés électriques.
- Published
- 2012
23. Modelamiento del precio de bolsa incluyendo costos de arranque y parada en el mercado eléctrico colombiano
- Author
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Poveda Núñez, Manuel Alejandro and Gallego Vega, Luis Eduardo
- Subjects
Optimization ,Electricity markets ,Electric energy ,Economía energética ,Optimización ,Energy policies ,Mercados de energía ,Energy economics ,Energy cost ,Mathematical models ,Sistemas de energía ,Costo de energía ,Regulación energética ,Energy systems ,Energy markets ,65 Gerencia y servicios auxiliares / Management and public relations ,Bolsa de energía ,Políticas energéticas ,Energy regulations ,51 Matemáticas / Mathematics ,Energía eléctrica ,62 Ingeniería y operaciones afines / Engineering ,Mercados eléctricos ,Energy stock market ,Modelos matemáticos Bolsa de Energía ,33 Economía / Economics - Abstract
La Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG) publica las Resoluciones 051 de 2009 y 011 de 2010 con las que modifica las reglas de funcionamiento del Mercado Eléctrico Mayorista Colombiano. Como principal modificación se desagregan del precio de oferta de los agentes térmicos los costos de Arranque y Parada (AP). Con esta modificación en el esquema de oferta de los agentes se logra reducir los precios de oferta térmicos a un nivel competitivo con respecto a los precios de oferta hidráulicos. Con esta modificación del esquema de funcionamiento de la Bolsa de Energía se introducen nuevas metodologías para el cálculo del Precio de Bolsa para la Demanda Nacional o Doméstica, la Demanda Internacional de Despacho Económico Coordinado y la Demanda No Doméstica. Así mismo se modifica la metodología de liquidación de los agentes participantes del Mercado. Con el presente estudio se analiza la lógica de cada una de las modificaciones y su repercusión en el funcionamiento del mercado eléctrico. Abstract. The Energy and Gas Regulatory Commission (CREG) publishes Resolutions 051/2009 and 011/2010 and amends the rules of operation of the Colombian Electricity Market. The principal modification consist in disaggregate from the offer price the start and stop costs of thermal agents. With this modification in the market rules, the agents are able to reduce thermal bid prices to a competitive level with the prices of hydro generators. With this modification of the scheme of operation and administration of the Electricity Market, changes too the methodologies for calculating the stock price for National Demand, Demand of the Coordinated Economic Dispatch and the International Demand. The present study analyzes the logic of each of the changes and their impact on the functioning of the Electricity Market. Maestría
- Published
- 2012
24. Un modelo combinado de despacho pool/bilateral para mercados eléctricos con restricciones de seguridad
- Author
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López-Lezama, Jesús María, Granada-Echeverri, Mauricio, and Gallego-Pareja, Luis A
- Subjects
bilateral contracts ,mercados de energia ,energy markets ,despacho ótimo ,mercados de energía ,contratos bilaterales ,contratos bilaterais ,despacho óptimo ,optimal dispatch - Abstract
The secure operation of the electric power system is a challenging task for the system operator which is responsible of its coordination, control and monitoring. In most power systems security is typically handled on a multi-state approach. In which case, security criteria are incorporated by means of additional constraints, modifying the initial dispatch calculation. In this paper a generation dispatch model for competitive energy markets considering security constraints is presented. The proposed approach combines the generation dispatch related to pool and bilateral markets with coupled post-contingency optimal power flows into a single optimal dispatch model, avoiding economic inefficiencies that appear in conventional multi-stage dispatch approaches. The proposed model is linear, and as such, it is based on a DC model of the network. A 6-bus didactic system and the IEEE RTS-24 bus test system are used in order to show the operation and effectiveness of the proposed approach and to compare it with the basic pool/bilateral dispatch with no security constraints. Results show that the inclusion of security constraints lead to a higher dispatch cost. Furthermore, it was found that the enforcement of firmed bilateral contracts might lead to system congestion. A operação segura do sistema de potência constitui uma questão difícil para o operador do sistema, o qual é responsável pela coordenação, controle e monitoramento deste. Na maioria dos sistemas de potência a segurança é manejada mediante uma metodologia multi-etapa. Neste caso, os critérios de seguridade são incorporados mediante restrições adicionais as quais mudam o cálculo do despacho inicial. Neste artigo é apresentado um modelo de despacho de geração para mercados elétricos competitivos considerando restrições de segurança. A metodologia proposta combina o despacho de geração de mercados tipo pool e contratos bilaterais com fluxos de potência ótimos post-contingência, acoplados em um modelo de despacho só, o qual evita ine-ficiências econômicas que aparecem nos despachos convencionais multi-etapa. O modelo proposto é linear, e como tal, é baseado no modelo de rede DC. Um sistema didático de 6 barras e o sistema IEEE RTS-24 são utilizados para ilustrar a operação e efetividade da metodologia proposta e comparar com o despacho pool/bilateral básico, sem restrições de segurança. Os resultados mostram que a inclusão de restrições de segurança leva a um despacho mais caro. Além disso, encontrou-se que a aplicação de contratos bilaterais pode levar a problemas de congestionamento no sistema. La operación segura del sistema de potencia es una tarea difícil para el operador del sistema, el cual es responsable por la coordinación, control y monitoreo de éste. En la mayoría de los sistemas de potencia, la seguridad es manejada mediante una metodología multi-etapa. En este caso, los criterios de seguridad son incorporados mediante restricciones adicionales que modifican el cálculo de despacho inicial. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de despacho de generación para mercados eléctricos competitivos considerando restricciones de seguridad. La metodología propuesta combina el despacho de generación de mercados pool y contratos bilaterales con flujos de potencia óptimos post- contingencia acoplados en un solo modelo de despacho, lo cual evita ineficiencias económicas que aparecen en los despachos convencionales multi-etapa. modelo propuesto es lineal, y como tal, se basa en el modelo DC de la red. Un sistema didáctico de seis barras y el sistema IEEE RTS-24 son utilizados para ilustrar la operación y efectividad de la metodología propuesta y para compararlo con el despacho pool/bilateral básico sin restricciones de seguridad. Los resultados muestran que la inclusión de restricciones de seguridad lleva a un despacho más costoso. Por otra parte, se encontró que la ejecución de contratos bilaterales firmes puede llevar a problemas de congestión en el sistema.
- Published
- 2011
25. Modelo AC para o despacho combinado de contratos bilaterais e bolsa de energia considerando restrições de segurança
- Author
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López-Lezama, Jesús María, Granada-Echeverri, Mauricio, and Gallego-Pareja, Luis Alfonso
- Subjects
Proteção de sistemas de energia elétrica ,Protección de sistemas de energía eléctrica ,energy markets ,mercados de energía ,Mercados de energia ,Electric power systems-protection - Abstract
La confiabilidad es un aspecto fundamental en el diseño y planeamiento de los sistemas de potencia; por ello velar por un sistema confiable es fundamental. Bajo el nuevo esquema de competitividad del sector eléctrico, los sistemas de transporte se ven cada vez más forzados a operar cerca de sus límites, de ahí que sea de vital importancia para el operador de la red utilizar herramientas para un despacho que minimice los posibles racionamientos de energía. En este artículo se presenta un modelo matemático para calcular el despacho, que considera restricciones de seguridad (contingencias simples en líneas de transmisión o transformadores). El modelo contempla los mercados pool y de contratos bilaterales firmes. Las metodologías tradicionales que involucran restricciones de seguridad se basan normalmente en procesos multietapa; en este caso, se propone un modelo de una sola etapa que evita ineficiencias económicas que resultan de aplicar metodologías convencionales de despacho multietapa. También incluye una representación AC del sistema de transporte y permite calcular el sobrecosto debido a las restricciones de confiabilidad. Se encontró que el cumplimiento de contratos bilaterales firmes, cuando estos están por encima de ciertos niveles, puede ocasionar problemas de congestión en las líneas de transmisión. Reliability is a key aspect in power system design and planning. Maintaining a reliable power system is a very important issue for their design and operation. Under the new competitive framework of the electricity sector, power systems find ever more and more strained to operate near their limits. Under this new scenario, it is crucial for the system operator to use tools that facilitate an energy dispatch that minimizes possible power cuts. This paper presents a mathematical model to calculate an energy dispatch that considers security constraints (single contingencies in transmission lines and transformers). The model involves pool markets and fixed bilateral contracts. Traditional methodologies that include security constraints are usually based in multistage dispatch processes. In this case, we propose a single-stage model that avoids the economic inefficiencies which result when conventional multi-stage dispatch approaches are applied. The proposed model includes an AC representation of the transport system and allows calculating the cost overruns incurred in due to reliability restrictions. We found that complying with fixed bilateral contracts, when they go above certain levels, might lead to congestion problems in transmission lines. A confiabilidade é um aspecto fundamental no desenho e planejamento dos sistemas de potência; por isso trabalhar por um sistema confiável é fundamental. Sob o novo esquema de competitividade do setor elétrico, os sistemas de transporte estão sendo cada vez mais forçados a operar próximo dos seus limites, por isso é de vital importância para o operador da rede utilizar ferramentas para um despacho que minimize os possíveis racionamentos de energia. Neste artigo apresenta-se um modelo matemático para calcular o despacho, que considera restrições de segurança (contingências simples em linhas de transmissão ou transformadores). O modelo contempla os mercados pool e de contratos bilaterais firmes. As metodologias tradicionais que envolvem restrições de segurança baseiam-se normalmente em processos de etapa múltipla; neste caso, propõe-se um modelo de uma só etapa que evita ineficiências econômicas decorrentes da aplicação de metodologias convencionais de despacho em etapa múltipla. Também inclui uma representação AC do sistema de transporte e permite calcular o custo extra devido às restrições de confiabilidade. Encontrou-se que o cumprimento de contratos bilaterais firmes, quando estes estão acima de certos níveis, pode ocasionar problemas de congestionamento nas linhas de transmissão.
- Published
- 2009
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