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In this paper, a non-adaptive and a novel adaptive energy management strategy (EMS) are proposed for a series hybrid electric bus with a dual energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries and supercapacitors. The scenario considers the hybrid (genset+dual ESS) and full-electric (only dual ESS) operation during the daily journey. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the improvements that can be achieved either with an enhanced adaptive EMS (fuzzy-based) compared with the non-adaptive (rule-based) approach as well as with the co-optimization of ESS sizing and operation targets in economic, fuel saving, and efficiency terms. To do so, a multi-objective optimization methodology is proposed (considering economic and ageing models) to minimize the operation cost (cycling cost) of the dual ESS and its replacements along the vehicle lifetime as well as the fuel consumption, while fulfilling the performance of the bus in its daily journey. The simulation results showed that the adaptive EMS can reduce both the operation cost of the vehicle and the average fuel consumption (up to 15% and 19%, respectively) compared with the optimal solution obtained with the non-adaptive EMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy management in hybrid and electric vehicles is a key factor to improve the operational performance and meet the efficiency objectives defined in the transport sector. Thus, optimized energy management strategies (EMSs), before being integrated in a real system, need to be experimentally validated in test-bench platforms in order to identify the possible deviations from the expected simulation-based performance while minimizing the implementation time and field-test on the real application. An economical and flexible mean of validating these strategies is the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Therefore, this work aims to present the design approach and comparison, by means of experimental tests, of two optimized (simulation-based) EMSs proposed for a hybrid electric bus (HEB) focusing on the real-time operational performance. Both EMSs handle the proper power split behavior of the vehicle demand among a genset (internal combustion engine + electric generator) and a hybrid energy storage system (combining Li-ion batteries with supercapacitors). The experimental platform consists of a scaled test bench emulating the electrical dc grid of a HEB. This test bench, combined with software models to control the power electronic devices, allows us to emulate the real behavior of the genset, battery, supercapacitor, traction, and auxiliary loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centrally managed or community-based P2P Energy Communities are at the forefront of the literature. A collectively shared energy configuration maximises the energy use of local generators. An interesting scenario is energy sharing when residential buildings conform to an Energy Community with tertiary buildings as prosumers. This article introduces a two-stage centralised management of the Local Energy Market for prosumers integration. In the first stage, energy planning is carried out. In this phase, the Local Energy Market Operator optimises the energy dispatch based on energy prosumers' predictions (previously performed by each participant using Boosting Decision Tree technique) and Mixed Integer Linear Programming. In the second stage, real time management is performed, where energy storage systems (individual Batteries and Central Energy Storage System) are employed to address the energy deviations. To address the viability of the proposed management, in the first place, the community-based P2P is compared to other Low Voltage configurations (Collective Self-Consumption and Full P2P) for one-stage management, where the community-based P2P approach obtains the best results in technical, economic, and environmental aspects. Subsequently, the two-stage management is examined with local Batteries and combining local Batteries with a Central Energy Storage System. The results show that the proposal, integrating local and central storage, significantly improves a local energy community's techno-economic and environmental indicators regarding other energy management market configurations. • The proposed study contains predictions, and the predicted values are used to plan the community's energy fluxes via a centralised optimisation algorithm. • Real-time operation is carried out, and the errors between the real and predicted data are considered at operation time. • The errors are corrected by employing batteries that are of each participant domain and community energy storage system. • Penalties are applied in case there are error deviations, and energy trading with the grid is compulsory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a light rail vehicle with an onboard energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) is presented. The optimal operating targets for the proposed EMS and ESS sizing (BT+SC) are obtained by multiobjective (MO) optimization with genetic algorithms. The MO fitness function is expressed in economic terms and includes the cost of the energy absorbed from the catenary, as well as the operating cost of the BT and SC pack (initial investment and cycling cost). The case study selected is the tramway of Seville. The aim is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway, taking into account the fulfillment of the tramway performance in the catenary-less zone and the BT-SC degradation by cycling during operation. Furthermore, a sizing analysis is done by comparing the current scenario (SC-based) with the proposed approach (optimal EMS and sizing) in terms of daily operating cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper an adaptive energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic and the optimal sizing for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) are presented. The EMS applies a sliding window to estimate the forward energy consumption and adapt the instantaneous power target for BT and SC. The hybrid ESS sizing is obtained by an optimization with multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness functions are expressed in economic terms, and correspond to the costs of the energy absorbed from the catenary as well as the operation cost of the hybrid ESS (investment and cycling cost). The selected case study is the tramway of Seville, which operates in zones with and without catenary. The aim is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway taking into account the BT and SC degradation approach (cycling) and fulfilling the performance of the tramway in the catenary-less zone. The proposed approach (adaptive EMS and optimal sizing) is compared with the current solution in the tramway (SC-based) and with a hybrid ESS managed by a rule-based EMS (RB-EMS) in terms of daily operating cost and energy harnessing during regenerative braking phase. The proposed approach show cost reductions up to 25.5% (from SC-based), 6.2% (from hybrid ESS with RB-EMS) and a global efficiency around 84.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents economically optimized energy and power management strategies for grid-friendly hydrogen based Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs). The proposed energy management strategy is an adaptative optimization-based strategy that minimizes the operation cost of the facility taking into account RES generation prediction errors. It is shown that with an Adaptative Optimized Five-step Charge Controller (AOFC2) the use of the different equipment is optimized and the overall operation cost is minimized considering the entire life of the facility. The proposed energy management strategy is coordinated with power management strategies to offer advanced functionalities (peak-shaving, reactive power control and back-up service) that provide added-value to the facility. The paper demonstrates by means of offline and real-time simulations, that an adequate energy and power management structure permits the optimal economic exploitation of an advanced ZEB (that includes an energy storage system), providing not only a zero energy annual balance but also interesting added-value features to the grid and to the local consumers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]