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Summary: For accurate environmental monitoring, a wireless sensor network (WSN) uses a collection of autonomous sensor nodes (SNs) that are dispersed at random across a given area. WSNs are used for various applications that require real‐time data. While the SNs in a WSN are limited in their ability to generate energy, the routing process is seen as a vital means of improving the network's ability to conserve resources and prolong its useful life. In this research work, we present sink mobility‐based energy‐optimized routing (SMEOR) in energy harvesting (EH)‐enabled WSN. While following the cluster‐based routing, the election of cluster head (CH) is executed using our proposed extended spotted hyena Lévy flight optimization (ESHLFO) algorithm. Furthermore, to address the energy‐hole problem, four data‐collection energy‐unlimited nodes are used around the periphery of the network. The sink moves from one EH‐enabled node to another to collect data. Further, security in SMEOR is ensured by encrypting the data using a stream cipher and a stochastically generated security key. It is evident from the simulation analysis that SMEOR delivers network longevity and supreme performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]