Search

Integrated with the Allegro promotion of chrome-free organic tanning systems, multifunctional amphoteric wet-finishing materials show great promise for settling current issues such as low chemical absorption rates and cumbersome processes. Herein, we developed a disruptive "three-in-one" strategy based on an on-demand multifunctional fluorescent amphoteric polymer (referred to as pADD-DMENA). As expected, pADD-DMENA exhibited satisfactorily integrated "three-in-one" origins including retanning, fatliquoring and dyeing properties. Compared to conventional anionic dyed leather, pADD-DMENA dyed leather had a uniformly bright yellow color surface and superior lightfastness, durability, and washability. Furthermore, its fluorescence ontology enabled the visual tracking of pADD-DMENA in crust leather and sewage, allowing for real-time monitoring of pADD-DMENA's precise distribution. To summarize, the development of pADD-DMENA allows the traditional wet finishing process to be completed in one step, effectively saving the process time, reducing the additives of various chemicals by 11.2%, and demonstrating better degradability of wastewater (0.35 of BOD5/COD). This novel strategy broadens the route to ecological leather manufacturing in a green direction with low energy consumption and less pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A micro lead-based reactor with annular flow channel fuel elements is proposed. • As the M/F ratio increases, k eff first increases and then decreases. • An optimal M/F ratio can minimize the size of the reactor for energy output. • The MTC is a positive value and gradually increases as the M/F ratio increases. As a crucial parameter for the design of micro reactors, the neutron spectrum directly impacts the k eff , the critical size, burnup characteristics, reactivity temperature coefficients and so on. When considering the optimization of the reactor size, designs utilizing thermal neutron spectrum and fast neutron spectrum each present their unique advantages and challenges. To investigate the impact of energy spectrum on the reactor performance, a micro lead-based reactor with annular channel fuel elements is proposed and the study of the influence of varying the volume ratio of moderator and fuel (the M/F ratio) on the k eff , the critical size, burnup characteristic and reactivity temperature coefficients by using the Reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC code) is conducted. The results show that for the micro lead-based reactor proposed, when the reactor energy output demand is greater than 350 MWt·years, the design with fast neutron spectrum (without moderator) exhibits the minimum size. While the reactor energy output demand is less than 350 MWt·years, the design with a thermal neutron spectrum (with moderator) achieves the minimum size. Moreover, to ensure the negative reactivity temperature effect, the M/F ratio should be maintained below 3.4. The insights presented in this paper will serve as valuable references for the design of the micro reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]