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With the continuous development of large-scale wind and photovoltaic power worldwide, the net load fluctuation of systems is increasing, thereby imposing higher demands for power supply assurance and new energy consumption capacity within emerging power systems. It is imperative to establish a quantifiable and efficient model for planning new power systems, to propose an analytical approach for determining optimal evolutionary paths, and to advance research on flexible resource planning across wide areas. In this paper, based on the simplified operating characteristics of multi-type flexible resources, a source-grid-load-storage collaborative planning and evolution analysis framework is established. Secondly, the lowest total cost of the whole life cycle of the system is taken as the optimization goal, the multiple flexible resource investment decisions and production operation constraints of various flexible resources on all sides of the system are considered, and the source-grid-load-storage planning model is established. Then, through the investment decision-making strategy setting of the system in different planning level years, the evolutionary path analysis method of the whole life cycle economy and weighted environmental protection benefit of the system is given. Finally, by taking the sending-end power grid in Gansu Province as an example, a case study is carried out. Calculations of new energy, key channels within the province, energy storage capacity, and load-side response capacity requirements for 2025, 2030, and 2060 are optimized. Based on the above analysis, the optimal evolution path of the power grid is proposed. When considering the weighted benefits of economy and environmental protection, the greater the weight of environmental protection benefits, the greater the possibility of choosing a radical scheme. The model and method proposed in this paper can provide technical reference for the future development planning and evolution analysis of new power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of renewable energy, the integration of multiple power sources into combined power generation systems has emerged as an efficient approach for the energy utilization. Pumped storage power stations, as large-capacity flexible energy storage equipment, play a crucial role in peak load shifting, valley filling, and the promotion of new energy consumption. This study focuses on the combined pumped storage-wind-photovoltaic-thermal generation system and addresses the challenges posed by fluctuating output of wind and photovoltaic sources. First, a K-means clustering analysis technology has been introduced to identify the typical daily scene output and load fluctuation patterns in an energy base in northwest China. Based on the operation constraints of each subsystem, aiming at the optimal comprehensive benefit, minimum generalized load fluctuation, and minimum carbon emission, an operation optimization scheduling model for the pumped storage-wind-photovoltaic-thermal combined power generation system has been established. When the optimization model has a configuration scale of 3000 MW for wind power and 2800 MW for photovoltaics, the pumped storage power station in the combined power generation system can achieve full pumping for 4 h and full generation for 5 h, which plays an obvious role in peak and valley regulation. Meanwhile, the combined system minimizes operating costs and carbon emissions, resulting in a minimum fluctuation of thermal power output by 6.6%. Furthermore, different capacity configurations demonstrate a non-linear relationship between the comprehensive benefits, carbon emissions, and the scene penetration rate. When prioritizing economic stability over carbon emissions, a thermal power capacity configuration of 7200 MW leads to the lowest total operating cost for the combined system, amounting to 26.38 million ¥. Results indicate that pumped storage effectively suppresses grid power fluctuations, promotes the consumption of renewable energy sources, and enhances the stability of thermal power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]