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In the conditions of worsening global energy problems, financial instruments play a key role in reforming the energy market. They provide the necessary financial resources for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly energy technologies, aimed at supporting projects that reduce the negative impact on the environment, and contribute to attracting private capital to finance environmentally friendly projects. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in research on financial instruments of the green energy transition. The article carries out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific works devoted to the problem of financing the green energy transition. The object of the research is the publications indexed by the Scopus database for 1954-2023. Research tools are programs for bibliometric data analysis Vosviewer, SciVal and CiteSpace. Based on the trend analysis of publication activity on the issues of financing the green energy transition, the key role of the Paris Agreement of 2015 in the growth of interest in these issues has been proven. Visualization of the most used keywords in scientific works on green energy transition financing allowed us to identify four clusters of keywords that characterize the concepts of green energy transition: the concept of "green construction", the concept of "green technologies and innovations", the concept of renewable energy, and the concept of "green of finance". Analysis of the frequency and number of citations of publications on green energy transition financing issues using the CiteSpace package made it possible to determine the TOP-17 keywords, highlight the period of their greatest citations, and carry out their clustering. Phrases most often used in publications include: finance, alternative economy, green bonds, green innovation, sustainable development, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable finance, green credit, green economy, climate finance. Based on the analysis of relationships between keywords, seven clusters were identified: sustainable development, financing constraints, green bonds, green credit policy, green bonds, green economic growth, green economic recovery. The obtained results can be used by state institutions to improve financing strategies for green energy transition programs from the point of view of determining modern trends and key vectors of green finance development in the field of energy, analysis of the most effective financing tools, and identification of problems in the field of energy development.

Most EU countries are trying to develop new sources of energy to meet local power requirements due to energy shortages. The most popular renewable energy developments include biogas stations, wind turbines, water turbines, and solar systems. This article focuses on reviewing studies concerning the utilization of solar energy systems, especially photovoltaic (PV) ones, in European countries such as Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland, which are leaders in PV installations. The review identifies factors influencing the development of PV investments and the energy situation in these countries. Economic, market, environmental, and infrastructural barriers, as well as driving factors, are presented. In all countries, the majority of installations were in the prosumer sector, with only a very small percentage in the state-owned sector. The methodology of the study covered the mentioned barriers, which were identified using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and branch organizations websites like the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The novelty of the article lies in its examination of special barriers concerning green energy production in chosen EU countries. Normally, when reading articles on PV installations, as presented in the References section, one primarily observes a description of the construction process without deep involvement in the presented ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household energy consumption plays a critical role in the context of global climate change. Utilizing data from the 2018 China Social Survey (CGSS), this study empirically examined the impact of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on household green energy consumption behaviors using probit and ordered probit models. The mechanism of influence was further analyzed through the mediated effect approach. The results found include the following: (1) Although the proportion of households participating in green energy policies is similar to those not participating, the proportion of households deeply participating in multiple policies is very low; (2) subjective SES significantly influences both the rate and depth of household participation in green energy policies; (3) internet usage and understanding of green energy policies serve as mediating mechanisms for the promotive effect of subjective SES; and (4) subjective SES showed significant heterogeneity in its effects on different gender and education level groups. These findings contribute to the understanding of the drivers of household green energy use decisions and provide an important reference for governmental policymaking to enhance participation rates and degrees in green energy participation. Implications of these findings highlight the potential for targeted policies that address internet accessibility and educational outreach, which could significantly enhance the effectiveness of green energy initiatives across diverse socioeconomic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of renewable energy sources to fulfill the global energy demands has emerged as a crucial aspect in a complete investigation. Various options for generating renewable energy encompass multiple elements, including wind, steam, and water. The objective of the project is to investigate the modeling of Hydroelectric Power as a viable option for the advancement of sustainable green energy. The Hydroelectric power system was modeled using fluid dynamics computational program utilizing up-elements. The highest fluid flow rate of 153.67 liters per minute corresponds to a pumping power of 15,146 Newton meters per second, or a pump efficiency of 27,630%. On the other hand, the minimum flow rate of 95,230 liters per minute results in a pump power of 24,630 Newton meters per second, with an efficiency of 62,049%. Based on the experimental simulation results, it can be inferred that the water hose will function most effectively over a prolonged period with a low flow rate. This is because a minimal u (x, y) value will result in low pressure on the hose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainties have grown around the world during the last few decades. Pandemic uncertainty has a substantial impact on economic activities, which may have a big influence on energy consumption. The goal of this investigation is to appraise the asymmetric influence of pandemic uncertainty on nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption in the top 10 energy consumer economies of the European Union (Germany, Poland, Spain, Netherlands, France, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Czech Republic, and Finland). Previously, panel data approaches were utilized to obtain reliable outcomes on the pandemic‐energy consumption nexus, regardless of the fact that various nations did not autonomously exhibit similar relationship. This investigation, on the other hand, implements a special technique "Quantile‐on‐Quantile" that supports us to appraise time‐series interdependence in each economy by providing international yet nation‐specific perceptions of the connection among the variables. Estimates show that pandemic uncertainty reduces both nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption in most selected nations at stated quantiles of the data distribution. Nonrenewable energy consumption is much more influenced by pandemic uncertainty than renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, the rank of asymmetries across our variables differentiates by the economy, emphasizing the need for decisionmakers to pay much attention to pandemics‐related uncertainty and the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global energy crisis and the conditions it has created are becoming important factors for the development of energy efficiency. The aim of the research is to study electric vehicles, as well as hybrid cars as alternative fuels in Kazakhstan and in the world. A wide range of methodological tools was used to conduct the research, in particular, the method of analysis and generalization of information, comparative, as well as induction and deduction. In addition, the method of analysis of scientific literature was applied, which partially reveals the problematic issues of this topic. A review of the literature concluded that alternative and transitional fuels were the most popular among transport users in the city. The information analyzed from the literature also allows concluding that in recent years some studies have presented new scientific, technical and political strategies to improve the use of alternative and transitional fuel resources. The practical value of the research is the possibility to use its results to study and analyze information on electric and hybrid vehicles. The information provided in the study could form the basis for the study of alternative fuels for cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has acknowledged the importance of natural resources to compensate for energy requirements for sustainable development. Green Energy (GE) and Eco-innovations have the potential to improve air quality by reducing CO2 emissions and ensuring sustainable development, which the available literature has neglected. Therefore, we investigate the dynamic impact of green energy and environmental innovations on the USA's economic growth and CO2 emissions. We applied the quantile-on-quantile (QARDL) approach from 1990 to 2019. Our findings indicate that GE consumption mitigates CO2 emissions by increasing economic growth in different quantiles in the USA. Furthermore, Eco-innovations also contribute to economic growth by reducing CO2 emissions in different quantiles. Additionally, Bi-directional quantile causality was found between green energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. Thus, the empirical results of the current study provide acumens for policymakers of the USA to consume green energy and use green technology and environmental innovations to counterbalance the environmental issues induced by CO2 emissions without halting economic growth and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary cause of environmental degradation, which poses a danger to the long-term viability of the ecosystem, is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, the Glasgow Climate Pact (COP26) established a decarbonization goal in response to this ecological concern, for which all economic players have a responsibility. India is among the participants who have a target set for them to decarbonize their economies by the year 2060 via the use of green energy and the advancement of science and innovation. Nevertheless, the asymmetrical effect of green energy, technology, and innovation on India's decarbonization program was not sufficiently explored in the prior study; hence, this research aims to fill this literature vacuum by considering India's GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 by leveraging the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The findings reveal the asymmetric influences of variables of interest on GHG emissions during the short and long term and under positive and negative shocks. Regarding the positive shock, long-term findings demonstrate that innovation and technical know-how grow GHG emissions and accelerate environmental degradation. However, a negative shock in innovations and technological know-how is opposed to a positive shock and improving environmental conditions. Further, positive shocks in green energy boost environmental effectiveness by reducing GHG secretions in India. In contrast, the negative shock in green energy deteriorates the environment by triggering GHG releases. These factual findings compel the Indian government to prioritize green technologies in addition to green energy generation to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions and meet rising energy demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary times, emerging economies are intended to achieve higher economic growth via foreign direct investment and technological innovation. However, due to increased environmental challenges, these economies are adopting green energy as the key source of environmental recovery and net zero emissions. The present study investigates the influence of FDI, technological innovation, green energy, and trade on carbon emissions in BRICS economies during 1990–2022. This study also considers the role of economic expansion in identifying the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Using several panel diagnostic and cointegration tests, this study validates the slope heterogeneity and the existence of the cointegration between variables. Due to the non-normal data dispersion, this study uses novel moments quantile regression, while bootstrap quantile regression is used for the robustness. The results examined asserted the presence of the EKC hypothesis in the region, where the initial growth enhances emissions while after reaching at a threshold level, the emission level tends to reduce and environmental quality improves. Besides, this study observed that foreign trade and technological innovation are the key drivers of environmental degradation as these indicators significantly enhances pollution emissions. In contrast, foreign investment, energy efficiency, renewable electricity output, and renewable's consumption significantly improve environmental quality by declining carbon emissions. Following the empirical results, the policy recommendations asserted enhanced investment in renewable and energy efficiency sectors while attracting more foreign investment for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relentless advancement of digital technologies has the potential to significantly reshape the energy landscape as digital technologies become increasingly integrated into diverse sectors of the economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between digitalization and energy in EU countries, focusing on its direct and indirect impacts on energy consumption, structure, and intensity. Furthermore, this study explores the mediating mechanisms that facilitate these changes, including the role of technological innovation and government efficiency in the relationship between digitalization and energy outcomes. Focusing on EU countries and using the system-GMM method, this research accounts for the heterogeneity in the impact of digitalization on energy across various member states. It examines the varying effects in different countries, considering their income levels, environmental regulations, and green investments. The results demonstrate that the strategic deployment of digitalization in EU countries substantially benefits the energy sector. By optimizing energy consumption and enhancing the energy structure through the integration of renewable sources, the EU could move closer to its sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain. • Competitiveness of bismuth-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production. • Mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting. • Properties of an ideal photocatalyst for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of industrialization and technological developments and the rate of population growth have begun to disrupt the ecological balance in the world. A large share of the deterioration of this balance is due to the rapidly increasing energy demands of people. Fossil fuels and renewable energy sources are used to obtain the energy that is needed by human beings. Most of the world's energy needs are met by fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources, which we call fossil fuels, cause many parallel environmental problems, such as global warming, climate change, and carbon emissions, for the world and nature. The most affected by all these experiences, of course, is the entire production sector, which is dependent on energy. However, textile and apparel, which is a pioneer in taking steps towards harmonization with the Green Agreement, is one of the sectors that started the transition to green energy within the scope of the European Union and brands' net-zero targets. Within the scope of the Green Agreement, Turkey has participated and started to work for a 70% carbon reduction, which is the target for 2030, and carbon neutrality, which is the target for 2050. Therefore, within the scope of these targets, the textile sector of Çukurova Region, which has the highest export rate in Turkey, was chosen. Within the scope of this study, carbon emission, which is one of the global problems, was examined within the framework of the ISO 14067-ISO Product Based Carbon Footprint (CF) standard by examining the production of a textile company, and the results were analyzed in detail. The main innovation of this article is to follow all stages of the fabric called Tricia, which is the most produced product in the textile industry, from its entry as fiber to its exit as fabric in the factory, and to calculate and analyze the amount of carbon that is released into nature. The dynamic and experimental results showed that it was determined that 6.00 tons of carbon dioxide carbon were released in the time it took for the fabric to go to the sewing room as a fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption and depletion of energy and a rapid increase in its demand has led scientists to find new ways of energy resources. Hydrogen being abundant in nature has great potential to meet this demand. Recently, an ecofriendly way to produce hydrogen, i.e. photocatalytic splitting of water, has gained the interest of the scientific community and industry. The photocatalytic water splitting on various semiconductor oxides has been reviewed, and the potential application in hydrogen production is also discussed. Furthermore, the influence of irradiation energy (ultraviolet and visible), as well as the effect of different doping, has also been presented. This article is very helpful not only for physical chemists but also for the energy sectors around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, green energy has been a significant factor in the technology changes that require researchers' emphasis. Thus, this study examines the impact of green energy such as renewable energy production, energy import and renewable energy consumption on the technological changes. The current article also investigates the role of economic factors (control variables) such as economic growth and population growth on the technological changes. The present research has selected ten developed and ten developing countries and extracted the data from 2008 to 2019. This article adopted fixed-effect model (FEM), robust standard error and generalized method of moments (GMM) to examine the association between the variables. The results indicated that green energy, such as renewable energy production and renewable energy consumption, along with economic factors such as economic growth, have a positive association with technological changes. The results also indicated that energy import and population growth have a negative association with technological changes. This article guides the regulators while developing effective policies regarding technological changes in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) with increasingly higher energy output are being developed to meet energy demands, posing greater challenges for their foundation design. Several foundation types are used to support these turbines, with monopiles (MPs) accounting for 80% of the installed capacity. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element models (FEM) were employed to investigate the behaviour of a monopile foundation supporting a 5MW wind turbine subjected to lateral loading. The results indicate that the MP behaviour depends on the pile length to diameter (L/D) ratio and the soil shear strength. Inspection of the bending-moment profiles at the lateral ultimate capacity indicated that the monopiles can behave in a flexible manner, even with low L/D ratios. The L/D ratio affected the MP normalized lateral ultimate capacity to varying degrees, and the biggest effect was for soft clays, amounting to an approximately five-fold increase for L/D values of 3.33 to 13.33. Lesser effects were found for stiff clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant boosts for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution is expected to be the photocatalytic splitting of water, which is a cost-effective and ecologically beneficial method of hydrogen (H2) production from water under sunlight irradiation. Researchers have studied various photocatalytic materials and systems for the last 50 years; however, there are still some challenges in enhancing the lifetime of photo-generated charge carriers, their efficient reactivity, and enabling the use of longer wavelengths of incident light for an efficient production of H2 under sunlight irradiation. In this situation, recent studies have shown that selenium (Se)- and tellurium (Te)-enriched cocatalysts is crucial in photocatalytic systems for the efficient conversion of solar energy into H2 production. They provide a variety of benefits, including efficient photo-generation of charge carriers and their efficient transfer, increase in the number of active sites, enhancement in the electronic conductivity, and optimization of cocatalyst-Hads bonds. In the present review, the advancements in photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions (HER) using Se- and Te-enriched cocatalysts are discussed in detail. In particular, the construction of novel transition metal-based Se- and Te-enriched cocatalysts are summarized, followed by their benefits, comparison, and mechanisms to improve photocatalytic water splitting. Finally, as conclusions, a comprehensive outlook on the research development of Se- and Te-enriched cocatalysts is identified as a major challenge, and various ways to overcome the lower efficiency of photocatalytic HER are suggested by showing an appearance of cocatalysts enriched in Se and Te elements is one of the highlights in the photocatalytic HER research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco-conferences like COP26 in Glasgow (UK) in 2021 have brought the debate on energy consumption and climate change to the fore. Given that a third of the energy produced worldwide is consumed in the home, it is pertinent to investigate how households use emerging technologies that allow households to monitor their energy consumption. This paper investigates how Danish households use green IT to monitor and manage their energy use and studies the related meaning householders attach to the green IT. We present qualitative data collected through interviews with 14 households, electric car owners mostly, who have adopted an application to monitor green energy availability – and its derived consumption. The paper highlights these householders' green energy monitoring practices with an emphasis on the meaning they make of the green IT application they used. Our study found that households can use more green energy without interacting continuously with the green IT application. This contrasts with a common assumption in the field of green IT design that consumers must continuously engage with the green IT to consume more green energy. We also posit that including householders in future green IT design is paramount for designing successful green IT applications. Finally, this paper calls for household energy consumption studies to view energy consumption as a service where specific practices are matched to energy sources – rather than viewing energy availability as a solitary incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is a type of energy contained in hydrogen, the most common element in the universe. Hydrogen energy is a clean form of energy used in many other fields apart from powering spacecraft and cars. This study examines the contributions researchers from around the world have made in the field of hydrogen energy and storage over the past 30 years (January 1, 1992‐January 1, 2022). A comprehensive bibliometric approach has been applied to illustrate the scientific publications on hydrogen energy and related topics using the Scopus database, which revealed 15 792 publications published by more than 500 authors and organizations scattered over 120 countries. Various aspects of these studies have been analyzed, such as publication type, number of citations, fundamental research areas, and keywords. The article additionally examines the countries, authors, journals, and institutions that have worked in the field of hydrogen energy and storage. Thus, this article presents detailed results from the 18 most influential authors, 20 most influential journals, and 15 most influential institutions in the field of hydrogen energy and storage in terms of publication, citation, publication impact parameters, and h‐indexes over the past 30 years and shows the effects of all countries that have published in the field of hydrogen energy and storage in terms of number of publications and citations. As a result of the analysis of all parameters, the most effective journals are shown to be the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Fuel Cells Bulletin, and the Journal of Materials Chemistry A, and the most effective countries are seen to be China, USA, and South Korea. However, Ibrahim Dincer has been identified as the most influential author and to differ in several ways in terms of contributing authors. The results also indicate how important the subject of hydrogen energy is in the field of energy, physics and astronomy, and engineering. As a result, this article presents the trends over the last 30 years and details on future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a cost-effective and reliable solution for meeting the energy demands of remote areas through the integration of multiple renewable energy sources. The proposed system aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and promote sustainable development by utilizing accessible energy resources in a self-contained microgrid. Using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software, the study examined the optimal combination of energy sources and storage technologies for an integrated hybrid renewable energy system (IHRES) in the Patiala location of Punjab. The total life cycle cost (TLCC) is the main objective of this manuscript. The HOMER result is taken as a reference, and the results are compared with the optimization hybrid algorithm (PSORSA). From this, it is clear that the proposed algorithm has less TLCC as compared to others. Two combinations of energy sources and storage technologies were considered, namely solar photovoltaic (PV)/battery and solar PV/fuel cell (FC). The results showed that the solar PV/FC combination is more cost-effective, reliable, and efficient than the solar PV/battery combination. Additionally, the IHRES strategy was found to be more economically viable than the single energy source system, with lower total life cycle costs and greater reliability and efficiency. Overall, the proposed IHRES model offers a promising solution for meeting energy demands in remote areas while reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years, the increase of energy derived from renewable sources in the total production of electricity, has been an important aim for both central and local authorities in many countries, including Poland. –Many investments undertaken in this area contribute to sustainable development. One of the branches of "green energy" may be prosument production induced by residential self-sufficient estates. The number of technologies and facilities-related developments have been growing in each EU country every year. The current article, aims to examine the potential influence of self-sufficient estates on "green energy" production and thus on sustainable development in Poland. In order to achieve the above, case studies were undertaken. They showed the profitability of examined photovoltaic installations and capability of the sector in energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of renewable energy sources can be supported by the digitalization of energy systems, which increase dependability and lower costs of energy production and consumption. However, the energy digitalization support energy infrastructures and technologies currently in place are insufficient. This research presented the study results by using the generalized least square estimates (GLS) model and the international sample of China regions from 2003 to 2017. Main results of the dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimator for the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, establishing ES goals for lowering energy consumption and pollution emission fosters a country's renewable energy business sector's digital transformation in the short term, while encouraging the use of renewable energy sources fosters a country's long-term digitalization efforts. Based on this, the direct effects and dynamic effects of digitalization and financial development on environmental are explored, respectively, using the panel data regression model and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The threshold regression model is then used to examine the two parameters' threshold effects on eco-efficiency. An accurate estimate of the resource consumption in smart factories is made possible by the digital twin that is created using the product's and its attributes as well as manufacturing data. The results suggests the future directions for the associated stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the negative repercussions of environmental devastation, such as global warming and climate change, become more apparent, environmental consciousness is growing across the world, forcing nations to take steps to mitigate the damage. Thus, the current study assesses the effect of green investments, institutional quality, and political stability on air quality in the G-20 countries for the period 2004–2020. The stationarity of the variables was examined with the Pesaran (J Appl Econ 22:265-312, 2007) CADF, the long-term relationship between the variables by Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69(6):709–748, 2007), the long-run relationship coefficients with the MMQR method proposed by Machado and Silva (Econ 213(1):145–173, 2019), and the causality relationship between the variables by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (Econ Model 29(4):1450–1460, 2012) panel causality. The study findings revealed that green finance investments, institutional quality and political stability increased the air quality, while total output and energy consumption decreased air quality. The panel causality reveals a unidirectional causality from green finance investments, total output, energy consumption and political stability to air quality, and a bidirectional causality between institutional quality and air quality. According to these findings, it has been found that in the long term, green finance investments, total output, energy consumption, political stability, and institutional quality affect air quality. Based on these results, policies implications were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to cope with global warming and as the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter, China has put forward the goal of carbon neutralization by 2060 and taken the development path choice of green energy to achieve it. China's green energy has developed rapidly from 2011 to 2019, but there are significant regional differences. Because existing research on the comparison of energy efficiency among regions rarely takes the development of green energy into account, this present study sets the proportion of green energy power generation in energy consumption as an exogenous variable and proposes a modified meta dynamic non-radial directional distance function to modify the energy efficiency values of 30 provinces in China. The empirical results show with the development advantages of green energy that the energy efficiency value of western China is revised upward from 0.45 to 0.64, and that the technology gap between the western and eastern regions has significantly narrowed. The development of green energy in the central region lags behind that in the western region at an energy efficiency value of 0.53. Finally, this study offers forward policy recommendations to realize the sustainable development of green energy among regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union (EU) countries pay meticulous attention to environmental issues and achieve carbon-free development. In this direction, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and extending renewable energy are the primary goals. At the same time, the energy price and declining energy efficiency increase countries' environmental expenditures and hinder their capabilities for economic growth. Against this backdrop, this research aims to examine the influence of environmental regulations, renewable energy, and energy efficiency on green economic growth. The originality of the study is twofold: first, it evaluates the green economic growth of a country, which simultaneously reveals the options for economic growth and the capability to eliminate its negative effect on the environment by applying the Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index; second, it develops an econometric model based on panel data for EU countries for 2000–2020 to investigate the nonlinear impact of environmental regulations, the effect of extending renewable energies, and the growth of energy efficiency on a country's green economic growth. The study applies the following methodology: a system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis. The empirical results confirm the U-shape, nonlinear impact of environmental regulations on a country's green economic growth along with a gradual increase in energy efficiency. In addition, the findings indicate that renewable energy is crucial for furthering a country's green economic growth. At the same time, environmental regulation has a significant role in extending renewable energy. The study results could be used as the basis for implementing green economic growth for EU countries and improving the policy of carbon-free development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the increase in the demand for clean energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also to ensure electricity for relatively isolated homes located near a watercourse, the paper proposes the implementation of a system to determine the speed of water flow in order to find the optimal solution for the location of a microhydropower plant. It will be located with minimal intervention on the water course, being environmentally friendly. The proposed system for determining the speed of water flow will be a portable one so that measurements can be made at as many points as possible in order to optimally choose the location of a hydrokinetic system for the production of electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account factors such as unfavorable climate changes, shrinking fossil fuel resources, low energy efficiency, and the pace of population growth, the transformation towards green and renewable energy is one of the most important goals and challenges facing the world. The energy sector is the source of about 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and energy-related emissions are reaching new record levels. For the energy transition to succeed, innovation at the level of technology, business processes and policies (local, national, and international) are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the size, structure, and dynamics of research on innovations in the field of green and renewable energy in the last decade in order to identify the main topics and research trends in this field. The authors conducted a bibliometric review based on the PRISMA guidance together with visualization analysis based on the VOSviewer software. For this purpose, the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database was used, and based on defined inclusion criteria, the authors selected 1144 records for bibliographic analysis. The database was subjected to a performance analysis from the perspective of the number of publications per year, dominant countries, and journals. Further, science mapping was employed to analyze such features of the publications as co-citations, co-occurrences, and bibliometric coupling. Based on the results, gaps in green and renewable energy innovations were identified and issues for future research were defined and recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, electricity demand rises by 1.8% per year; according to the American Energy Information Administration, global energy demand will increase by 47% over the next 30 years, driven by demographic and economic growth. Global demand for electricity is growing faster than renewable energy sources. Electricity production from renewable sources (i.e., biomass energy, geothermal energy, hydro energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy) is on its way to strong growth around the world over the next dozen years. With the increasing demand for energy, new technologies and materials are being developed to replace exhaustible traditional construction materials. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research into the application of composite materials in mainstream power generation. The main energy generation technologies, i.e., photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, and biogas generators, were analysed and discussed. The review presented in this article also covers the latest achievements and prospects for the use of composite materials in energy generation devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the effects of green finance on green economic performance index in the presence of income per capita, corporate social responsibilities, green energy, and technical innovations in emerging seven (E7) countries from 2005 to 2018. This study employed second-generation panel cointegration methodologies. The result of the cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity test confirms that the panels are correlated and there exists slope heterogeneity. The results for the short- and long-run confirm the relationship between green economic performance index, green finance, GDPC, technological innovation, CSR, and green energy. In both the short- and long-run, green finance, technological innovation, and CSR decrease the carbon emissions and increase green economic growth, whereas income per capita and GDPC significantly increase the carbon emissions. The robustness check findings obtained D-H panel causality test validate the results. Reducing energy usage by adopting efficient technologies should be encouraged through green financing reforms implemented by policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is a major contributor to global climate change and needs an instant reduction to preserve the environmental quality of the planet. To ensure this, our study examines the role of green factors in terms of finance, technology, and energy in reducing CO2 emissions in China using quarterly data spanning 2001Q1-2020Q4. A recently developed frequency- and time-varying technique named "Wavelet Local Multiple Correlation" is applied to examine the impact of considered factors on CO2 emission dynamics in short-, medium-, and long-term. Thus, our study is the first to provide detailed insights into the role of green factors in reducing CO2 emission in China in a multivariate context. The outcomes confirm the long-term positive connectedness among green finance, green technology, and green energy consumption. Secondly, all these factors are asymmetrically and negatively correlated to CO2 emissions in long-term frequencies. However, green energy and green finance are highly affecting the CO2 in long-term, while green technology in medium-term. Finally, the multivariate analysis confirms that all the explanatory variables follow a similar trend in affecting CO2 emission; though, green finance is the dominant factor in the correlation. Based on the findings, the study recommends promoting green innovations, financial measures, and renewable energy that help China to limit CO2 emissions and promote environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses environmental emissions based on the STIRCEFUPAIT modelling framework applying energy consumption, production efficiency, non-renewable energy mix, urbanization, population, affluence and innovation-technology as the studied variables. The impact and contribution of the variables to the change in Environmental impact has been analysed using ridge regression analysis. The findings suggest that environmental impact can be tackled by switching to environmental innovation practices and green energy usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial development alongside inadequate planning in the energy sector put demand-side pressure on Pakistan's energy demand. Similarly, the excessive dependency on fossil fuels has an ecological footprint. Moreover, the abuse of energy tariff subsidies and deficits had a detrimental effect on department earnings, limiting the sector's emergence and intensifying its crisis. This research examines the electric demand and supply imbalance in the context of the China–Pakistan economic corridor investments using the system dynamics modeling approach, highlights the renewable resources, and discusses the hurdles in the way of green conversion. Moreover, the study forecasts the production capacity, electric demand, and supply up to 2040. The results show that China–Pakistan economic corridor investments will uplift the production capacity up to 12.9%, whereas the average production will reach 15.8%, variables that were 5% and 4.8% before China–Pakistan economic corridor. As a result, the energy sector will be able to meet the energy demand after 2021. However, the current investment in the renewable industry will not help in achieving policy targets. The study provides targeted implications to overcome potential barriers to the green path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the wide spread of alternative energy sources around the world and in Ukraine, as well as the need for theoretical development and practical implementation of modern methods for establishing non-standard energy mechanisms in Ukraine and in the world. The main purpose of this study was to analyse key trends in the development of alternative energy in Ukraine and the world in the current socio-economic conditions. The methodological approach in this paper was based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of research on issues related to the analysis of key growth vectors of non-standard methods of energy production in modern conditions. During this study, results were obtained that indicate the existence of a clearly structured interrelation between the degree of development of alternative energy sources and the types of fuel used in them, including the presence of prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the conditions of modern Ukraine, provided the high-quality investment support for projects that are being implemented for the development of alternative energy. The results obtained in this study, as well as the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of significant practical importance for various branches of Ukrainian and world industry, the real technological capabilities of which allow the use of renewable energy sources for their ability to meet the life needs of all types of industrial enterprises, for their further full functioning and solving any technological problems facing these enterprises.

The aim of this article is to identify the associations that young Polish recipients have with green energy, considering their self-assessment of the level of knowledge about green energy and the importance attributed to the energy sources they use on a daily basis. An analysis of the world literature on the subject indicates that there is a cognitive and research gap in the level of market awareness of individual recipients regarding green energy and its sources. This issue has been neglected even more among young people in the context of their associations with this type of energy. To eliminate these research gaps, five hypotheses were formulated. To this end, primary research was carried out using the survey method to collect data. The research covered 311 individual representatives of recipients in Poland aged between 18 and 24. The primary data collected was subjected to quantitative analysis, using specific tests and statistical analysis. Among other things, the following was discovered: (1) the dependence between the self-assessment of the level of knowledge about green energy and the importance attributed to the sources of energy used; (2) the dependence between the self-assessment of the level of knowledge about green energy and the associations with it (mainly negative ones); (3) the dependence between the importance assigned to the sources of energy used and the associations with green energy (mainly positive ones); and (4) that there were sets of recipients characterized by identical associations with green energy within the groups of people selected among the total respondents and among respondents assessing their level of knowledge as low or high, as well as among respondents attributing high or low importance to energy sources. The research results and the conclusions drawn have significant cognitive value and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is gaining more and more importance in the market—not only is it attaining purchasing power, but it is also setting trends. This is the generation that spends a lot of time on various social media channels, and the content posted there is a source of information, inspiration and motivation for them. Its representatives are very skeptical about traditional marketing messages, so the best way to reach them is to use influencer marketing. They are also sensitive to environmental problems and ecology. For this reason, the purpose of this paper was to identify the possibility of using influencer marketing to promote green energy in the perspective of Generation Z in Poland. The CAWI method of research was carried out April–June 2022 on a sample of 533 people aged 18 to 26, selected using a quota method. The analysis used statistically significant structure indices (percentages) and measures of correlations between the variables. The results presented confirmed the enormous popularity of social media among the representatives of Generation Z, as well as the great involvement of young consumers in tracking the activity of influencers. More than half of the respondents indicated the usefulness of influencers promoting green energy, but at the same time the vast majority of them declared that the choice of green energy in their case was determined by the opinions of other people, and that the role of influencers was negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of natural resources has become a global issue that requires the focus of recent literature and policymakers. This article reports an empirical investigation on the impact of green energy exploration and consumption (renewable energy production, renewable energy consumption, and combustible renewable waste) on the sustainability of natural resources (natural resources rent) across Group of Seven (G7) countries. For this purpose, secondary data were extracted from the World Bank Indicators (WDI) between 2001 and 2019 and the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) was used to test the relationships between the constructs. The results showed that green energy exploration and consumption have a positive relationship with the sustainability of the natural resources of G7 countries. This study offers both theoretical and practical significance particularly for relevant authorities to formulate and implement policies regarding the sustainability of natural resources. • Green energy and energy consumption significantly impact the sustainability of the natural resources. • Renewable energy production provides various benefits to the natural resources rent. • Renewable energy elements contribute a significant proportion toward the sustainability of natural resource rents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency and minimizing environmental concerns through environmental laws and green taxes are regarded as the primary motivating factors of climate change policy. This analysis clarifies the significance of green taxes in lowering energy use and intensity from 1994 to 2020. As part of our contribution to the literature on energy economics, this study examines how green taxes interact with energy intensity and consumption in four Nordic nations. Environmental policies and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are driving new research into the effects of green taxes on energy consumption and intensity. According to the outcomes of fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), panel dynamic ordinary least square (PDOLS), and panel quantile regression, a green tax helps to reduce total energy consumption. It increases energy efficiency by motivating governments, companies, and citizens to encourage innovation in environment-related technology. When it comes to creating a more sustainable environment, the study argues that regulations that ensure the displacement of non-renewable resources while increasing energy efficacy should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term car rental services called "car-sharing" or "carsharing" are systems that in recent years have been an alternative form of transport by individual car in an increasing number of cities around the world. With the growing popularity of services, new decision-making problems have arisen among system operators. Among the challenges faced by operators, due to the constantly growing environmental requirements, is the fleet of vehicles for car-sharing systems-appropriate selection. Noticing this research gap, this article was dedicated to determining the criteria that are important when choosing a fleet of vehicles for car-sharing and to indicate the best suited to the needs of car-sharing vehicles. Own research was proposed, considering desk research, expert research and analyses using the multi-criteria decision support method (ELECTRE III). This research was carried out for the Polish market of car-sharing services. Studying the Polish market is appropriate due to the occurrence of significant difficulties with the fleet incorrectly adjusted to the needs of urban conditions. This study covers vehicles with conventional, electric, hybrid and hydrogen propulsion. The analyses allowed for the determination of the vehicles best suited to the needs of car-sharing. The results show the dominance of hydrogen-powered vehicles over conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles. What is more, it was determined that the most important criteria are the purchase price of the vehicle and energy/fuel consumption per 100 km. The obtained results are a guide to proceeding when making decisions regarding the implementation or modernization of the fleet in car-sharing systems. The results also support achieving more sustainable urban mobility in the zero-emission trend through hydrogen mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluates the potential measures for enhancing energy efficiency in a commercial building application. It is directed towards addressing Northern climate conditions that are scarce in literature. To highlight the recommended measures, a case study involving a two-storey office building that was built in the late 1970s in Ottawa, Canada is presented. As typical for commercial buildings in Northern climates, building heat is provided by natural gas. Cooling, lighting, and other building needs are supplied by electricity. The building current operational condition deviates from what is recommended by the building code. The authors were consulted to propose energy efficiency measures for the building. The building was simulated using the eQuest software. Verification of the simulation results was performed against historic site data. The model highlighted several parameters that can reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Major influencers on energy consumption were: building envelope, water heating system, and building air tightness. Amongst them, increasing building air tightness is the cheapest to implement. On the other hand, the parameters that are functions of occupancy had minor effect on the reduction of energy consumption. A detailed economic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed retrofit strategies. The analysis quantified that the wall, roof insulation, boiler upgrade and building air tightness have a high impact on reducing energy consumption by more than 52%. The improvements have the potential to reduce the emissions by around 82 tons of CO 2 per year. The return on investment was found to be 5 years. The incorporation of renewable energy to the building was also investigated. Solar energy is not commonly integrated in cold climates in most of the reported research. For the current study, a solar heating system was installed to supply needed hot water and a PV system is used for electricity generation. This causes the payback period to increase to 5.6 years if solar water heating is added and to 9.1 years with solar water heating and photovoltaic integration. Debt ratio and interest rate have detrimental effect on return on investment for the project. The results of the current study are valuable recommendations for people interested in retrofitting commercial applications in Northern climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media can be used to influence perceptions of green products and motivate the adoption of green energy. A key motivator for choosing green energy is concern for the environment. Social media is an effective means of communicating with consumers and stakeholders regarding the benefits of green energy in society. This study empirically examines social media usage in the green energy industry, identifies the most commonly used platforms, and analyzes social media usage according to the sector and financial situation of the company. Findings show there are four social media platforms used by 73 percent or more of green energy firms, with LinkedIn being the most popular. Social media usage was found to vary by sector. Findings can assist managers and marketers of green energy firms make informed decisions regarding their use of social media. Findings will be of interest to academic researchers and policy makers regarding green energy firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption supports the basic needs of society. The way energy is produced matters for the global economy and environmental quality. The present study explores the impact of biomass energy consumption on environmental quality across heterogeneous income groups over the period 1971–2018. The cointegration is analyzed through the Wester-Lund cointegration test. The study used Fully Modified (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) to examine the long-run relationship between biomass energy and environmental quality in the presence of economic growth, urbanization, natural resource, and globalization. The results validate the potential of biomass energy consumption for emission reduction in the high-income group while environmental deteriorating role in upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income groups. Our empirical findings support an inverted U-shaped relationship in the high-income and upper-middle-income groups while a U-shaped relationship between income and environmental quality exists in lower-middle-income and low-income groups. Globalization improves environmental quality in high-income and upper-middle-income groups while resulting in higher emissions in lower-middle, and low-income economies. Natural resource rent degrades the environment in high-income economies while lowering emissions in upper-middle, lower, and low-income economies. The results from Pooled Mean group and Driscoll Kray estimation also support these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the wide spread of alternative energy sources around the world and in Ukraine, as well as the need for theoretical development and practical implementation of modern methods for establishing non-standard energy mechanisms in Ukraine and in the world. The main purpose of this study was to analyse key trends in the development of alternative energy in Ukraine and the world in the current socio-economic conditions. The methodological approach in this paper was based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of research on issues related to the analysis of key growth vectors of non-standard methods of energy production in modern conditions. During this study, results were obtained that indicate the existence of a clearly structured interrelation between the degree of development of alternative energy sources and the types of fuel used in them, including the presence of prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the conditions of modern Ukraine, provided the high-quality investment support for projects that are being implemented for the development of alternative energy. The results obtained in this study, as well as the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of significant practical importance for various branches of Ukrainian and world industry, the real technological capabilities of which allow the use of renewable energy sources for their ability to meet the life needs of all types of industrial enterprises, for their further full functioning and solving any technological problems facing these enterprises [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing demand for energy due to comfort requirements in the built environment coupled with development of road networks and amplifying heat island effect call for a comprehensive approach that can answer both issues. The lifespan of an asphalt layer is affected by surface temperature. In this paper, we aim to study the feasibility of heat recovery and its effects in terms of energy harvesting efficiency and asphalt surface temperature by creating a numerical model and validating the model based on onsite measurements at laboratory scale. The experimental setup was developed at Technical University of Civil Engineering in Bucharest, and measurements were monitored during the summer. The heat recovery system used for this study was made of copper pipes, and material cost and layout optimization need to be addressed in future studies. The numerical model was validated using measured data. During this study, we obtained favorable results in terms of heat recovery, reducing surface temperature and selection of system materials. Further research is required for heat recovery system and pump automation (based on the surface temperature), in order to optimize energy consumption and improve overall efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]