135,910 results
Search Results
302. The nexus between tourism development, environmental quality and economic growth. Does renewable energy help in achieving carbon neutrality goal?
- Author
-
Banga, Cathrine, Deka, Abraham, Ringim, Salim Hamza, Mustapha, Abubakar Sadiq, Özdeşer, Hüseyin, and Kilic, Hasan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
303. Towards environmental sustainability: nexus of ecological footprint, human capital, economic growth and energy consumption in India
- Author
-
Ritu, Rajveer Kaur and Kaur, Amanpreet
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
304. Smart Switching in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Systems for Inrush Current Elimination.
- Author
-
Martínez-Figueroa, Gerardo de J., Bogarra, Santiago, and Córcoles, Felipe
- Subjects
SMART power grids ,THYRISTORS ,ENERGY consumption ,ELECTRONIC paper - Abstract
Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power systems are one of the most promising technologies to address growing energy demand and ecological challenges. This paper proposes smart switching to mitigate inrush currents during the connection of single-phase transformers used in PV systems. An effective inrush current mitigation contributes to the reliability of PV systems. The inrush current severity is influenced by the pseudorandom residual flux at the transformer core and the energization point-on-wave. The most common approach to avoid inrush currents is controlled connection, which requires prior knowledge of the residual flux. However, the residual flux can differ in each case, and its measurement or estimation can be impractical. The proposed smart switching is based on a comprehensive analysis of the residual flux and the de-energization trajectories, and only requires two pieces of data (ϕ
RM and ϕ0 , flux values of the static and dynamic loops when the respective currents are null), calculated from two simple no-load tests. It has a clear advantage over common approaches: no need to estimate or measure the residual flux before each connection, avoiding the need for expensive equipment or complex setups. Smart switching can be easily implemented in practical settings, as it considers different circuit breakers with distinctive aperture features, making it cost-effective for PV systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
305. Energy efficiency study of the paper making drying process
- Author
-
Eduard Minciuc, Ioana Diaconescu, and Roxana Patrascu
- Subjects
business.product_category ,business.industry ,Process (computing) ,Microclimate ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Energy consumption ,USable ,040401 food science ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Paper machine ,Heat recovery ventilation ,Environmental science ,business ,Process engineering ,Energy (signal processing) ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Pulp and paper industry is a highly energy intensive and the drying section of the paper machine consumes 64 % of total energy. The heat of the humid hot air resulting from the drying process has a usable energy potential which has to be recovered and represents a secondary energy resource. This paper analyses efficiency of introducing a complex heat recovery, in three stages, integrated into the drying process of the paper production technology line. The type of recovery used is an interior recuperation in the first and third stage due to the fact the energy contained by the secondary energy resources, namely the heat of the exhausted hot air from the drying process, is recovered within the process itself. In the second stage, the secondary energy resource has an energetic potential since it is used to maintain the microclimate in the industrial hall. The performed energy analysis is leading to conclusions regarding the methodology for establishing the optimal regime of operation.
- Published
- 2017
306. Prediction Model to Reduce Energy Consumption of Mosque Buildings, Review Paper
- Author
-
Emad Ameen Alharbi Emad Ameen Alharbi and Tjprc
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Architectural engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Environmental science ,Energy consumption - Published
- 2020
307. The old new television and the new: digital transitions at home [Paper in: Making Media Policy: Looking Forward, Looking Back. Given, Jock (ed.)]
- Author
-
Thomas, Julian
- Published
- 2008
308. Energy and carbon coupled water footprint analysis for straw pulp paper production
- Author
-
Jinglan Hong, Tianzuo Zhang, Yijie Zhai, Changxing Ji, Ruirui Zhang, Xueliang Yuan, Xiaotian Ma, and Xiaoxu Shen
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Environmental engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electricity generation ,chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon dioxide ,050501 criminology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Pinch analysis ,Environmental science ,Coal ,business ,Water use ,0505 law ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Straw pulp in China, which is the world's largest producer of this material, suffers from water and energy shortages during its entire life cycle. However, limited systematic studies have focused on these issues, and decision makers need be provided with improvement methods for the environmental performance. Thus, an impact-oriented energy and carbon coupled water footprint analysis was conducted in this study based on ISO standards. Results showed that the impact of energy consumption and carbon emissions exceeded that of water footprint. Carcinogens, non-carcinogens, and freshwater ecotoxicity also played effective roles in improving the environmental performance. Optimizing key indirect processes, including chemicals production, steam preparation, electricity generation, wood pulping, and fertilizer recovery, dominated the reduction in environmental burdens. Direct freshwater consumption and wastewater disposal played additional effective roles in controlling water footprint. The water network was thus optimized by a water pinch analysis to decrease the freshwater consumption and pollutant emissions by maximum values of 91.5% and 99.7% after optimization, respectively. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide, methane, chromium, arsenic, mercury, titanium, copper, strontium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, BOD5, and COD were the main pollutants. Overall, the environmental impact can be further reduced by diminishing coal power ratio in national energy structure, adopting recovered steam, and considering multistage regeneration water network to cope with different water use demands.
- Published
- 2019
309. Mitigating silica fouling in electro-electrodialysis: Anode compartment modification and process intensification approaches.
- Author
-
Mandal, Priyabrata, Goel, Priya, Bhuvanesh, E., and Chattopadhyay, Sujay
- Subjects
ANODES ,FOULING ,SILICA ,ENERGY consumption ,PAPER mills - Abstract
[Display omitted] Electro-electrodialysis (EED) based causticization of industrial (agro-based paper mills) green liquor experiences severe silicate fouling issues (especially in anode compartment) resulting frequent shutdown, dismantling, cleaning and reassembling challenges. Therefore, continuous causticization through EED process becomes difficult. Appropriate design modification of the anode compartment along with periodic silica removal could overcome frequent shutdown issues, and execution of EED process for longer duration. The novel mechanism of silicon removal using EED process by the precipitant is also presented. Their treatment performances in removing silicon were statistically evaluated and confirmed by instrumental techniques. Using modified design and 200 cm
2 of membrane area, 500 mL of 2.56 mol·L−1 of NaOH (92% Na+ ion recovery) could be produced in 4 h by electrolyzing 500 mL of industrial green liquor under constant current density, 60 mA·cm−2 . Proposed modification could result ∼21% improvement in caustic recovery/energy consumption compared to unmodified anode compartment. With improve the performance which is the average current efficiency 74.5% and energy consumption 4.42 kWh·kg−1 , was recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
310. Integration of solar field with multiple stage evaporator to sustain eco-energy in pulp and paper plant.
- Author
-
Pati, Smitarani and Verma, Om Prakash
- Subjects
- *
PAPER pulp , *SOLAR power plants , *EVAPORATORS , *WASTE heat , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY management , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Deploying renewable energy to unit design energy-efficient technologies may fulfill the additional demand of various energy-intensive industries for their sustainability and resiliency. Multiple Stage Evaporator (MSE) is one of the most energy-intensive units used to extract the water content of the weak liquor in various industries, including the paper industry. This energy intensiveness may be reduced by integrating various Energy Reduction Schemes (ERSs). Hence, this work proposes a ERSs integrated MSE model to analyze its energy efficiency. These ERSs includes Thermo-Vapor Compressor, Steam-, Feed- Split, Feed Preheater, and Flash Tanks. Further, the performance of the proposed model is investigated under two important real-time plant complexities: Boiling Point Elevation and Fouling to achieve more realistic results. The performance analysis is initiated with the formulation of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem to increase the steam economy (SE). Also, the simulation is extended to validate at two different product concentrations (52% and 65%) by employing state-of-art optimization algorithms: CONOPT, and SCA in GAMS and MATLAB respectively. The simulated results shows an increment 1.64% and 1.37% of SE for both 52% and 65% concentration of weak liquor respectively in case of CONOPT than SCA. Also, the waste heat of the condensate, feed, and product may be further utilized for the heat recovery by incorporating the flash tanks which leads to a countable energy saving. Eventually, integrating the solar fields: PTC and LFR ensures a notable reduction in conventional heat utilization by 85.96% and 92.85%, respectively and hence, enhance the energy efficiency. • Expounded energy modeling of ERSs based MSE with BPE and Fouling. • Implementation of NLP and metaheuristic approaches for performance optimization. • Reutilization of waste heat to maximize the energy efficiency. • Integration of solar fields (PTC and LFR) to reduce conventional fuel utilization. • Prospecting the challenges and direction of energy management optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
311. Cogeneration, is it a greenhouse solution?: [This paper was originally presented at ICEC in 2002 and additional data has been incorporated from the Australian Greenhouse Office Kyoto Targets Report 2006.]
- Author
-
Best, Rick
- Published
- 2007
312. Energy system diagnosis of paper-drying process, Part 1: Energy performance assessment
- Author
-
Huanbin Liu, Jigeng Li, Yongjun Yin, Xiaobin Chen, Mengna Hong, and Zhiqiang Zeng
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Process (computing) ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Energy accounting ,Paper machine ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Process engineering ,business ,Energy (signal processing) ,Thermal energy ,Simulation ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Paper drying is a highly energy-intensive and complicated multivariate process. The dryer section plays an important role in the energy consumption of a paper machine, especially of thermal energy. A comprehensive method for assessing the energy performance of the dryer section was investigated in this study to improve energy efficiency. This method was divided into three component processes: energy and evaporation load audit, field test and observation, and energy flow analysis and energy efficiency estimation. In a case study, we found that the method could, in addition to analyzing the key factors that restrict drying efficiency, also depict the details of energy consumption clearly. At the same time, several significant energy-saving measures were suggested to improve the energy efficiency of the paper-drying process.
- Published
- 2015
313. Exploring external and internal pressures on the environmental behavior of paper enterprises in China: A qualitative study
- Author
-
Zhengxia He, Cunfang Li, Meiling Wang, Wen-Xing Shen, and Shi-Chun Xu
- Subjects
Government ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental pollution ,Social pressure ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Grounded theory ,0502 economics and business ,Environmental behavior ,Business ,Business and International Management ,China ,050203 business & management ,Industrial organization ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Qualitative research - Abstract
As one of the typical high‐polluting and high‐energy‐consuming industries in China, the paper industry's environmental behavior has become the focus of a range of stakeholders, policy makers, and the whole society because the industry's business activities are a main source of environmental pollution and contribute to massive energy consumption. This study used a qualitative approach to examine the relative importance of external and internal pressures (EP and IP) in driving the environmental behavior of paper enterprises in China. Based on grounded theory, this study aimed to examine the EP and IP on the environmental behavior of paper enterprises to create a comprehensive theoretical model based on grounded theory code analysis. It was found that government pressure, economic pressure, social pressure, and IP have direct and significant positive effects on the corporate environmental behavior (CEB) of paper enterprises in China. Furthermore, government, economic, and social pressures have indirect and significant positive effects on CEB through other pressures. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of these four pressures and provides policy implications.
- Published
- 2019
314. Energy demand and fuel choices in the pulp and paper industry. [Using generalized market-share model]
- Author
-
Caudill, S.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
315. Energy requirements of the U. S. pulp and paper industry
- Author
-
Cosman, C.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
316. Sustainable Production and Consumption of Paper and Paper Products in Nigeria: A Review
- Author
-
Jonah C. Agunwamba, Ikenna C. Ezeasor, Obiora B. Ezeudu, and Christian N. Madu
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Sanitation ,Natural resource economics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Product (business) ,Paper recycling ,Work (electrical) ,Production (economics) ,021108 energy ,Business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Paper as a consumer product offers a undisputed benefits to human society, and it has been proven to be critical in driving most sensitive needs of mankind—principally in areas of security, education, sanitation, and communication—and thus has been produced and consumed worldwide. Its sustainable production and usage is one topic that has featured prominently in many discussion fronts and more often than not ends with recommendations for an alternative source of raw material, improvement in production procedures, and ecological concerns. Paper use is an ecological concern that has triggered many paper intervention actions around the world such as the Paper Task Force in USA, Sustainable Paper Alliance in China, and Paper and Beyond in Europe. In Nigeria, however, challenges associated with paper production, consumption, and economic prospects have not been adequately tackled. This is conspicuously evident in the huge volume of paper products imported annually into the country as a result of unsustainable local production. The cumulative impact of these issues reflect negatively on the Nigeria’s paper industry and spread indirectly to the entire country’s economy in terms of high capital freight spent on importation, volatile product price, and loss of employment opportunities. This work sought to review the challenges and opportunities associated with raw material sources, energy and water consumption, environmental pollution, paper consumption, and disposal of used paper products in Nigeria. The current review also advocated for wastepaper as a variant of raw material with a sustainable potential.
- Published
- 2019
317. The Potential Energy Efficiency Improvements for the Italian Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Author
-
Maggiore, Simone, Businge, Corine Nsangwe, Borgarello, Marco, Realini, Anna, Gobbi, Elena, Zagano, Claudio, and Bazzocchi, Francesca
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,ENERGY intensity (Economics) ,ENERGY consumption ,ELECTRICITY ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
Pulp and paper production is an energy intensive process, that accounts for about 9% of industrial final energy use in Italy in 2016. While the energy intensity of the total manufacturing sector has decreased by 51% over the last twenty years, pulp and paper industry has shown a slower improvement, of only 4%. The sector presents wide opportunities for improving energy efficiency and, for this purpose, adequate knowledge of the energy saving potentials and their costs are essential prerequisites to design effective policies. In this paper, after assessing the current technologies and energy performance of the Italian pulp and paper industry, we identify the technical and economic potentials for fuel and electricity savings in the sector. While many studies in this field use data on efficient technologies from available literature, surveys or even theoretical estimates, the added value of this paper is the use of real data coming from 110 energy efficiency measures implemented in the field by the pulp and paper companies under the Italian White Certificates Scheme. The analysis indicates that the energy saving potentials, under conservative technology penetration rates, amount to 0.88 TWh for electricity and 4.47 TWh for fossil fuels consumption: such savings equal 12.6% and 18.6% of the sector electricity and fuel demand, and can be translated into mitigated CO
2 emissions of 353 kt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
318. Sustainable futures: food choice matters. [Paper presented at the Home Economics Institute of Australia. Conference (2005: Hobart).]
- Author
-
Riley, Malcolm
- Published
- 2005
319. Potential of municipal solid waste paper as raw material for production of cellulose nanofibres.
- Author
-
Hietala, Maiju, Varrio, Kalle, Berglund, Linn, Soini, Jaakko, and Oksman, Kristiina
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *CELLULOSE nanocrystals , *PULPING , *GRINDING & polishing , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Graphical abstract Highlights • Municipal solid waste paper was used as raw material for cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). • Pulping, washing and flotation were used as pre-treatments before nanofibrillation. • Despite different amounts of impurities in waste fibres, CNFs were obtained. • Properties of waste CNFs were affected by the used pre-treatment. Abstract When aiming for higher resource efficiency, greater utilization of waste streams is needed. In this work, waste paper separated from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied as a potential starting material for the production of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). The waste paper was treated using three different techniques, namely pulping, flotation and washing, after which it was subjected to an ultrafine grinding process to produce CNFs. The energy consumption of the nanofibrillation and nanofibre morphology, as well as properties of the prepared nanofibers, were analysed. Despite the varying amounts of impurities in the waste fibres, all samples could be fibrillated into nanoscale fibres. The tensile strengths of the CNF networks ranged from 70 to 100 MPa, while the stiffness was ∼7 GPa; thus, their mechanical strength can be adequate for applications in which high purity is not required. The contact angles of the CNF networks varied depending on the used treatment method: the flotation-treated networks were more hydrophilic (contact angle 52.5°) and the washed networks were more hydrophobic (contact angle 72.6°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
320. FINE DEMAND HELPS BOOST PAPER FORTUNES.
- Author
-
Kenny, Jim
- Subjects
BUSINESS enterprises ,ENERGY consumption ,CORPORATIONS ,ENERGY management ,COMMERCE ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Focuses on factors which may affect paper companies with large energy consumption in Europe. Reason why a new emission trading scheme may affect paper companies; Possibility that paper companies will face antitrust fines; Charts depicting coated and uncoated paper deliveries.
- Published
- 2004
321. Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO 2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study.
- Author
-
Rahnama Mobarakeh, Maedeh, Santos Silva, Miguel, Kienberger, Thomas, and García-Vacas, Daniel Sánchez
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *FOSSIL fuels , *TECHNOLOGY assessment , *CARBON dioxide , *ENERGY consumption , *PAPER pulp , *RURAL electrification - Abstract
The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria's industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios' content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
322. Multi-functional carbon nanotube paper for solar water evaporation combined with electricity generation and storage.
- Author
-
Duan, Yimin, Weng, Mingcen, Zhang, Wei, Qian, Yongqiang, Luo, Zhiling, and Chen, Luzhuo
- Subjects
- *
CARBON nanotubes , *CARBON paper , *ELECTRIC power production , *ENERGY storage , *ENERGY consumption , *ELECTRIC power , *THERMOELECTRIC generators , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Various carbon nanotube-based devices are developed for solar energy utilization. • The water evaporation system can generate freshwater (1.28 kg m−2h−1). • The solar-thermoelectric system can output a voltage and charge a cellphone. • The supercapacitor performs an areal specific capacitance of 19.6 mF cm−2. • The hybrid energy system can produce freshwater, generate and store electric power. Nowadays, multi-functional systems driven by solar energy have been explored to alleviate the crisis of energy and freshwater scarcity. However, it remains a great challenge to integrate multi-functions into one hybrid system with a monolithic material, which can harvest, convert and store solar energy synergistically. Here, we firstly propose a multi-functional carbon nanotube paper, which starts from a material level to solve these problems. The carbon nanotube paper is fabricated by vacuum filtration. It exhibits high efficiency of solar-thermal conversion. Secondly, three types of energy conversion/storage systems (e.g., solar-thermal evaporation system, solar-thermoelectric generation system, and supercapacitor) are constructed based on the carbon nanotube paper, which extend the research to a device level. The solar-thermal evaporation system shows an evaporation rate of 1.28 kg m-2h−1 under simulated sunlight irradiation of 1 kW m−2. The solar-thermoelectric generation system demonstrates a stable electric power generation with an output voltage of 100 mV under light irradiation of 1 kW m−2. The supercapacitors perform the energy storage function with an areal specific capacitance of 19.6 mF cm−2. These devices and systems can be used in freshwater generation (0.84 kg m-2h−1, sunlight irradiation of 1 kW m−2), water purification/desalination (inorganic ions rejection larger than 99.9%) and portable solar charging system (maximum output voltage of 5 V). Finally, a hybrid energy system is innovatively proposed from the system level to simultaneously produce freshwater, generate and store electric power. Through the synergetic coupling of solar conversion and storage technologies, the hybrid energy system can supply sustainable freshwater and electricity for remote areas in daily life, highlighting the superiority of multi-energy (thermal energy, electrical energy, and electrochemical energy) complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
323. Brief Industry Paper: LiteOS: Managing Sleep for Low-energy IoT
- Author
-
Chen Qiulin, Chuancai Gu, and Tao Yang
- Subjects
Smartwatch ,Battery (electricity) ,User experience design ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Embedded system ,System image ,Wearable computer ,Central processing unit ,Energy consumption ,business ,Wearable technology - Abstract
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices can only afford very small batteries due to the size, weight, power and cost constraints. On the other hand, long battery life is expected for such devices, either for improving user experience or due to charging limitations. Therefore, it is critical to reduce the energy consumption of IoT devices. A good opportunity is to save energy on the system level, by letting the system to sleep occasionally. In this paper, we introduce Image Partitioning and Incremental Loading (IPIL), an operating-system-level sleep mechanism used in Huawei LiteOS to reduce the energy consumption of an IoT device. IPIL powers off both the CPU and the main memory during sleep to save as much energy as possible. Thus, system data have to be reloaded after the system wakes up, which may take a long time and thus reduce real-time responsiveness. To solve this problem, IPIL partitions the system image into clusters and incrementally loads the clusters on-demand, reducing the amount of data loading and time overhead in the wake-up step. Experimental results show that IPIL outperforms two widely adopted sleep approaches in terms of energy consumption. At the same time, IPIL offers satisfactory responsiveness with very short wake-up delay. We also present a case study on smart watch to demonstrate how battery life, as a core value of wearable devices, can be improved with IPIL provided by LiteOS.
- Published
- 2021
324. Impact of Structural Changes on Energy Efficiency of Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry
- Author
-
Timo Laukkanen, Esa Vakkilainen, Satu Kähkönen, LUT University, Energy efficiency and systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Paper ,Control and Optimization ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Pulp ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,pulp ,energy consumption ,Production unit ,Structural change ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Mill ,Statistical analysis ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,energy efficiency ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,paper ,Pulp (paper) ,Global warming ,Energy consumption ,Pulp and paper industry ,Energy efficiency ,structural change ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
A key challenge in prevention of global warming is how to increase energy efficiency, to be able to deal with increased fossil CO2 emissions from rising energy usage. Increasing energy efficiency will decrease energy usage and is in a key role in emission mitigation. The focus is the pulp and paper industry, which is energy-intensive. Development of industrial energy efficiency has been studied before but the role of industrial transformation is still mostly unknown. The knowledge must be improved, to be able to predict future developments in the most effective way. In this research, impact of various production unit closures and start-ups on energy efficiency of the Finnish pulp and paper industry were studied utilizing statistical analysis. Results indicate that about 20% of the Finnish pulp and paper industry energy efficiency improvement between 2011 and 2017 is caused by the major structural changes. The rest, 80% of the progress, was mainly due to improved technology and more optimal operational modes. Additional findings suggest that modern mill start-ups have a significantly greater potential to reduce energy consumption than old mill closures.
- Published
- 2019
325. Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry
- Author
-
Sheng Ding, Qingjian Zhao, Anne Toppinen, Zuomin Wen, Department of Forest Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Forest Bioeconomy, Business and Sustainability, and Forest Economics, Business and Society
- Subjects
carbon footprint ,INNOVATION ,DEMAND ,020209 energy ,POTENTIALS ,energy flow ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,12. Responsible consumption ,Diesel fuel ,forestry-pulp and paper industry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Coal ,Energy supply ,PERSPECTIVE ,EMISSIONS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,4112 Forestry ,business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,HARVESTED WOOD PRODUCTS ,Forestry ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,Energy consumption ,PAPERMAKING ,Pulp and paper industry ,Energy conservation ,13. Climate action ,Greenhouse gas ,8. Economic growth ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,Carbon footprint ,ECOSYSTEM ,Environmental science ,flowchart ,business ,production process - Abstract
In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively, in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively. (5) Based on steam and electricity consumption, the indirect carbon emissions of various thermal and electric energy production units were calculated, and the key energy consumption process units and hotspot carbon flow paths were further found. This research established a theoretical and methodological basis for energy conservation and emission reduction.
- Published
- 2019
326. Low-temperature waste-heat recovery in the food and paper industries
- Author
-
TenWolde, A.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
327. Recommendations for future government-sponsored energy conservation research and development in the paper and steel industries
- Author
-
Dunley, J.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
328. Energy use and distribution in the pulp paper and boardmaking industries
- Author
-
Kaplan, S.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
329. Environmental aspects of Norwegian production of pulp fibres and printing paper
- Author
-
Gary Chinga-Carrasco and Agneta Ghose
- Subjects
Engineering ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Pulp (paper) ,Energy mix ,Energy consumption ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Kraft process ,visual_art ,Newsprint ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,business ,Energy source ,Life-cycle assessment ,General Environmental Science ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the Norwegian pulp and paper industry, considering the production of pulp fibres and printing paper. The pulp fibres included in this study are thermo-mechanical pulp and kraft pulp fibres, which differ with respect to the energy consumption and chemicals used during production. The assessed paper grades were super-calendered paper and newsprint. The study was a cradle to gate approach, and corresponds to an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA was based on data collected from main pulp and paper producers in Norway. Importantly, aspects related to the increasing use of mineral fillers in the production of newsprints were assessed. The results showed that a reduction of more than 18% climate change impact (kg CO2 eq.) was achieved by increasing the fraction of fillers, in the newsprint furnish. Furthermore, the total climate change impact reduction depended on the applied energy mix. Assuming that the production of printing paper was based only on Norwegian energy mix, yielded a reduction of the climate change impact by more than 44% in 2011, compared to the production based on Scandinavian and European energy mix. Additionally, the input and output transport contributed to more than 20% impact in several cases. We thus concluded that the estimated environmental impacts were affected by; i) the furnish composition of a given paper quality, ii) the input and output transport and iii) the use of different primary grid energy sources.
- Published
- 2013
330. Austria : ANDRITZ successfully starts up tissue production line with shoe press and steel Yankee at Africaine Paper Mills, Algeria
- Subjects
Paper mills ,Steel -- Production management ,Energy efficiency ,Energy consumption ,Paper industry -- Production management ,Energy management ,Technology ,Energy conservation ,Business, international - Abstract
The ANDRITZ energy-efficient tissue machine has a design speed of 2,100 m/min and a working width of 2.85 m and produces tissue for high-quality facial wipes as well as toilet [...]
- Published
- 2019
331. ANDRITZ successfully starts up tissue production line with shoe press and steel Yankee at Africaine Paper Mills, Algeria
- Subjects
Andritz AG -- Production management ,Paper mills ,Steel -- Production management ,Energy efficiency ,Energy consumption ,Machinery industry -- Production management ,Paper industry -- Production management ,Energy management ,Technology ,Energy conservation ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Austria: Andritz AG has issued the following press release: The ANDRITZ energy-efficient tissue machine has a design speed of 2,100 m/min and a working width of 2.85 m and produces [...]
- Published
- 2019
332. An energy-aware approach for resources allocating in the internet of things using a forest optimization algorithm
- Author
-
Wu, Minning, Zhang, Feng, and Rui, X.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
333. 2030 Target for Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction in the EU Paper Industry.
- Author
-
Li, Shuangjie, Li, Li, and Wang, Liming
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *PAPER industry , *ENERGY intensity (Economics) , *ECONOMIC efficiency , *PRICE increases , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Improving energy efficiency is an effective way to address the issues of economic development, energy saving and emissions reduction. For any important industries it is therefore necessary to measure energy efficiency and set a practical target for it. In this paper, we use CCR, SBM and energy intensity to measure the energy efficiency of the paper industries of 22 EU countries. Results indicate that the SBM and CCR efficiency value is more meaningful for policy makers than that of energy intensity, as measurement results of energy intensity deviate from reality and economic efficiency. The CCR and SBM have roughly the same fluctuation trends and the average SBM energy efficiency value is 0.71, always 10 percent lower than CCR model, as it takes simultaneous account of both the optimal input-output and has more discriminatory power in efficiency measurement. Furthermore, EU policy makers could improve energy efficiency by raising energy prices. As for the 2030 EU target of energy saving and emission reduction, the EU should pay more attention to five major paper producers: Finland, Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
334. A Representative Study of CO2 Emissions and Carbon Intensity Based on a Case of a Pulp and Paper Mill in China: Calculation and Analysis
- Author
-
Hui Cai, Xin Zhang, Fang Zhang, and Hui Zhang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,Environmental engineering ,Bioengineering ,Paper mill ,Energy consumption ,Raw material ,Emission intensity ,Greenhouse gas ,Mill ,Carbon credit ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
In 2017, a carbon emissions trading market will be launched nationwide by the China government. Calculating the enterprise carbon emissions is an important prerequisite and basis for trading. This paper discussed types of greenhouse gases, calculation boundaries and methods, energy consumption, carbon emissions, and intensity of a representative integrated pulp and paper mill in China based on China Guidance and Greenhouse Gas Protocol Tools. The results showed that there were 435,000 tonnes (t) of CO2 emissions from that mill in 2014 that did not contain emissions of biomass energy, which was 8 times higher than that of fossil energy. The pulp carbon intensity based on the mill was 0.230 t CO2/Adt, which accounted for 7.50% to 57.4% in other pulps’ based on the product. Intensity based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 1.090 t CO2e/1000 USD and accounted for 56.8% intensity in the China paper industry. The intensity based on sales accounted for 52.6% in the first-class enterprise in the developed country. It also showed that intensity was influenced by the species of raw material, energy, and products, which provided the mill with measures for energy saving and emissions reduction to obtain the redundant carbon emissions in the trading.
- Published
- 2017
335. Social acceptance, emissions analysis and potential applications of paper-waste briquettes in Andean areas.
- Author
-
Calle Mendoza, Iris Jabneel, Gorritty Portillo, Marcelo Antonio, Ruiz Mayta, Jazmin Gidari, Alanoca Limachi, Jose Luis, Torretta, Vincenzo, and Ferronato, Navarro
- Subjects
- *
BRIQUETS , *SOCIAL acceptance , *INDOOR air pollution , *ENERGY consumption , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *ANIMAL droppings - Abstract
The research assessed waste-based briquettes consumption compared to conventional fuels in the Andes. Laboratory tests were conducted together with on-field analysis in Colquencha (Bolivia). The laboratory study shows that the performances of briquettes are better in terms of PM2.5 (933.4 ± 50.8 mg kg−1) and CO emissions (22.89 ± 2.40 g kg−1) compared to animal dung (6265.7 ± 1273.5 mgPM2.5 kg−1 and 48.10 ± 12.50 gCO kg−1), although the boiling time increased due to the lower fuel consumption rate and firepower compared to shrubs. The social survey organized with 150 Bolivian citizens suggested that low-income households are not able to pay for an alternative fuel: about 40% would pay less than 4 USD per month, while methane use for cooking is positively correlated with the income level (r = 0.244, p < 0.05). On field analysis suggested that local cookstoves are not appropriate for briquettes combustion since indoor air pollution overcomes 30 ppm of CO and 10 mgPM2.5 m-3. On balance, local small manufactures can be the main target for selling waste-based briquettes to reduce shrubs and wood consumption. However, briquettes production costs seem not yet competitive to natural easy-to-obtain fuels (i.e., animal dung). The research encourages the use of cellulosic and biomass waste-based briquettes in the Andean area for cooking, heating, or manufacturing and strongly advises policy-makers to introduce economic incentives for the recovery of secondary raw materials. • Analysis of waste-based briquettes use in Andean areas were conducted. • Laboratory analysis, social surveys, and on field evaluations are the methods. • Briquettes can be employed for reducing about 30% of the conventional fuels. • The research encourages the employment of waste-based briquettes in the Andes. • Incentives to briquettes production and consumption should be introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
336. Paper or screen? Examining the effectiveness of messaging delivery means in promoting household energy conservation in China
- Author
-
Tianqi Ruan, Yujie Lu, Harn Wei Kua, and Minjiang Yu
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,Residential energy ,020209 energy ,Energy (esotericism) ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Environmental economics ,Energy conservation ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Instant messaging ,Business ,China ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
With the advent of the Paris Climate Agreement and China ratifying it recently, there is a need to adopt a diversified approach to address climate change; this is especially the case of promoting residential energy conservation. This study is one of the first household energy intervention studies that focuses on the comparison of two message delivering means, paper-based versus instant messaging tool, as a platform for sharing energy-saving tips and engaging households to save energy in China. Conducted in several communities in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China, the effectiveness of using a widely used application known as WeChat in promoting household energy conservation is compared with that of using stickers. It was found that WeChat is the most effective is reducing monthly consumption, but the effects are short-lived. Comparatively, using stickers as a mean of engaging households produces more sustained results in terms of energy savings. This study also provides evidence to correlate the changes in energy consumption behavior with personal perception of one’s responsibility and quality of life. That is, certain behavior can be triggered if residents are willing to impose energy ration in their households or are given more opportunities in the form of local programs that enable them to have more practices in energy conservation.
- Published
- 2018
337. Promoting Green Behavior in Laboratories: A Conceptual Paper
- Author
-
Yossra Fareed El-Tony and Ling Suan Choo
- Subjects
Measure (data warehouse) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,Task analysis ,Energy consumption ,Natural resource ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
Employee's green behavior plays a pivotal role in reducing waste in the environment and sustaining the natural resources for the next generation. It is also significant in scientific labs due to the substantial energy consumption and waste generated in labs. Based on the existing literature, this paper re-caps the definitions of green behavior in workplace stated by various researchers. Scales developed by previous researchers to measure the employee's green behavior are discussed in this paper.
- Published
- 2020
338. Thermal Performance of Oil Palm Fibre and Paper Pulp as the Insulation Materials
- Author
-
Siti Halipah Ibrahim, W K Sia, Rohaida Affandi, A. Baharun, and Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi
- Subjects
Waste management ,Building insulation ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Cooling load ,Thermal comfort ,Energy consumption ,engineering.material ,law.invention ,Thermal conductivity ,Particle board ,law ,engineering ,business ,Roof - Abstract
Energy consumption for residential use in Malaysia is keep increasing yearly in order to maintain the internal thermal comfort of the building. Roof insulation material plays a vital role in improving the thermal comforts of the building while reduce the cooling load of the building. Oil palm industry in Malaysia had grown aggressively over the past few decades. Tons of oil palm waste had produced during the process such as empty fruit bunch fiber. Another waste material that available and easy to obtain is paper. Paper is a valuable material that can be recycled. Waste paper comes from different sources such as newspaper, office and printing papers. This study will take advantage of the available resources which could contribute to reduce the environment impact. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of roof insulation materials using mixture of oil palm fiber and paper pulp with different ratio and thickness. This study found that the thermal performance of the paper pulp is slightly better compare to the oil palm fiber. Thermal conductivity of the particle board reduces around 4.1% by adding the 10% of paper pulp into the total density of the particle board. By adding 75% of paper pulp, the thermal conductivity of the particle board could be reduced to 24.6% compare to the oil palm fiber board under the similar condition. Therefore, from this study, it could be concluded that paper pulp has high potential to be used as a building insulation material.
- Published
- 2014
339. Using a Sensor Network for Energy Optimization of Paper Machine Dryer Sections
- Author
-
Dominik Mai and Till Hänisch
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Engineering ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Airflow ,Electrical engineering ,General Medicine ,Energy consumption ,Energy minimization ,Automotive engineering ,Paper machine ,Wireless ,business ,Wireless sensor network ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
This paper presents a case study with regard to using a low cost low power sensor network to save energy in paper machines. By using wireless sensors for measuring temperature and humidity in the dryer section of a paper machine it is possible to optimize energy consumption by adjusting heating and air flow. Because the sensors need to be battery powered with the data sent almost in real time for monitoring purposes, a low power network technology is needed, in this case ZigBee. A prototype installation with a small number of sensors was set up, running over a period of six weeks. First results show an ad hoc optimization and energy savings of some 80.000 € per year for a single machine.
- Published
- 2014
340. Estimation of energy saving potential in China's paper industry
- Author
-
Boqiang Lin and Mohamed Moubarak
- Subjects
Cointegration ,Mechanical Engineering ,Building and Construction ,Energy consumption ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Energy accounting ,General Energy ,Energy intensity ,Profit margin ,Economics ,Unit root ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Energy (signal processing) ,Intensity (heat transfer) ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to estimate the energy saving potential in China's paper industry by determining energy intensity under different scenarios. Cointegration model and stability test are applied to formulate the equilibrium equation. Results show that energy price, industry structure, profit margin and technology have significant impact as they are negatively correlated to changes in energy intensity. Three scenarios (BAU (business as usual), intermediate and active) are designed to estimate the future trend of energy intensity in paper industry. In 2010, the energy intensity (energy consumption per unit of value added) was 4 tce/10,000 RMB, and by the scenarios it is expected to considerably decline. According to the BAU (business as usual) scenario, the energy intensity will decrease to 2.56, 1.43 and 0.70 tce/10,000 RMB by 2015, 2020 and 2025, respectively. With respect to the intermediate scenario it is expected to drop further to 0.44 tce/10,000 RMB. Yet by the active scenario, the energy intensity is expected to considerably decline to 0.36 tce/10,000 RMB by 2025. Using the BAU forecast as a baseline, the quantity of energy savings is estimated to be 185.6 billion tce by 2025. Considering this important potential, we also provided some policy suggestions.
- Published
- 2014
341. Mechanism study and evaluation of high efficiency paper-based microfluidic fuel cell coupled with capillary force
- Author
-
Tiancheng Ouyang, Jingxian Chen, Xiaoyi Hu, Jie Lu, and Peihang Xu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Microfluidics ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Environmental pollution ,Energy consumption ,Renewable energy ,Power (physics) ,Electric power system ,Alternative energy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Process engineering ,Communication channel - Abstract
Under the dual pressure of energy consumption and environmental pollution, mankind hopes to develop clean and renewable alternative energy, and the rapid development of fuel cells meets people's demand for energy-efficient power systems. The emergence of portable micro energy systems represented by microfluidic fuel cells, such as paper-based microfluidic fuel cells, has greatly enriched the means of medical detection to better cope with the threat of disease transmission. In this work, the numerical simulation method is innovatively introduced to study the paper-based microfluidic fuel cells. Both transient and steady-state modes are employed to demonstrate the whole operation process of the paper-based microfluidic fuel cell. In addition, the different structural parameters, including electrode spacing, the distance between electrode and inlet, channel thickness, and electrode length, are also investigated their influence mechanisms on cell performance. Results show that the increase of most structural parameters decreases cell output power in different degrees. Even on the premise that increasing channel thickness has a positive impact on the output power, the fuel utilization still shows a downward trend. These conclusions provide theoretical support and reference for future optimization work and accelerate the development of microfluidic fuel cells.
- Published
- 2022
342. 电润湿显示材料与器件技术研究进展.
- Author
-
郭媛媛, 蒋洪伟, 袁冬, 唐彪, and 周国富
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC paper ,INFORMATION display systems ,ELECTRONIC industries ,PAPER products ,ENERGY consumption ,MEDICAL technology ,LED displays - Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
343. Brief Industry Paper: An Energy-Reduction On-Chip Memory Management for Intermittent Systems
- Author
-
Wei-Lin Wang, Shuo-Han Chen, Yuan-Hao Chang, Tseng-Yi Chen, Yen-Ting Chen, Yu-Ting Fang, Wei-Kuan Shih, and Yu-Pei Liang
- Subjects
Non-volatile memory ,Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES ,Memory management ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Embedded system ,Memory architecture ,Process (computing) ,Energy consumption ,Static random-access memory ,business ,Volatile memory ,Power (physics) - Abstract
Intermittent systems enable continuous and accumulative process execution under constraint or unstable power supply. To enable intermittent computing, process status and data are typically checkpointed from volatile memory (VM) to nonvolatile memory (NVM) before running out of power. After power resumes, these logged data can be loaded back from NVM to VM for continuous execution. Nevertheless, existing approaches rarely considered the energy consumed during moving data and may waste precious power resource over data movement, instead of computation. Such observation motivates us to propose an energy-reduction on-chip memory management (ERCM2) scheme to utilize the high cell density and non-volatility of SpinTransfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) for enabling a hybrid on chip memory architecture. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the access performance close to conventional SRAM-based on-chip memory architecture with lower energy consumption.
- Published
- 2021
344. Pulp and paper 1992 : confident sector looks up from market lows
- Author
-
Hedley, Barbara
- Published
- 1992
345. Energy consumption, capital expenditures, R&D cost and company profitability: evidence from paper and allied industry.
- Author
-
Zuoza, Andrius and Pilinkienė, Vaida
- Abstract
This paper aims to empirically examine the relations between energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures on the profitability of manufacturing companies in the paper and allied industry. The main focus in this article is on the companies, which are operating in the manufacture of pulp from wood and the paper production industry. Multiple regression analysis was used to test if the energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures significantly predict EBITDA profitability. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all used predictors explained (R2) 35.7% of the company profitability variance (R2 = 0.357, F (3; 80) = 14.82, p-value < 0.01). The performed regression analysis also shows that energy consumption has a significant contribution to the profitability of the company. The results also indicate that only energy consumption explains 12.1% of the profitability variance (R2 = 0.121, F (1; 101) = 13.86, p-value = 0.01). The results of the regression analysis show that EBITDA profitability will increase by about 3.7 · 10-7% for each 1 000 GJ energy consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
346. Industrial verification of energy saving for the single-tier cylinder based paper drying process.
- Author
-
Chen, Xiaobin, Man, Yi, Zheng, Qifu, Hu, Yusha, Li, Jigeng, and Hong, Mengna
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *DRYING , *ENERGY economics , *BOUNDARY value problems , *SURFACE temperature - Abstract
Abstract The paper drying process has the highest level of energy consumption in the pulp and paper production process. Analysis and optimization of the energy system during the paper drying process is critical for improving the energy efficiency of the entire paper mill. In the existing model for the paper drying process, the solution requires accurate boundary conditions such as the air temperature and humidity of the pocket area and the cylinder surface temperature, which are very difficult to obtain in the papermaking process. This can result in significant deviations between the model solution and the actual production process. This paper focuses on the single-tier dryer cylinder-based paper drying process that has been widely used with high-speed papermaking machines in recent years. A mathematical model is proposed based on real-time data. The verification via industrial production demonstrates that the proposed model is reliable for the paper drying process. Based on the simulation results, two optimization operations have been proposed. The energy consumption decreases from 1.51 t steam/t paper to 1.44 t steam/t paper, 4.6% of the steam and 1.26 × 106 RMB can be saved for a medium-scale paper mill with the annual production capacity of 105 t paper. Highlights • Mathematical model for the single-tier cylinder based paper drying process is proposed. • Both the steam-condensate system and the paper drying process are considered. • The simulation results are verified by the industrial data from a papermaking enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
347. Highly sensitive pressure sensors based on conducting polymer-coated paper.
- Author
-
Zang, Xiaoling, Jiang, Yuqian, Wang, Xusheng, Wang, Xiaowei, Ji, Junhui, and Xue, Mianqi
- Subjects
- *
PRESSURE sensors , *CONDUCTING polymers , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *ENERGY consumption , *ANALYTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Pressure sensor, as one of the most common components in the sensing systems, has attracted plenty of attention in recent years with urgent needs. Herein, a highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on conducting polymer (CP)-coated paper is developed via an ultra-simple approach of synthesis and fabrication. This paper-based sensor displays an ultra-low detection limit as low as 0.3 Pa level, and outstanding sensitivity (∼2 kPa −1 , P ≤ 75 Pa), which can rank the top among that of the reported pressure sensors. The advantages based on paper framework such as low cost, portability, and easy disposability further enhance its feasibility. Meanwhile, combining its rapid and precise response at room temperature and the recognized stability of PPy in the ambient environment, the sensor would ensure direct and continuous environment monitoring with low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
348. ASHRAE transactions 1999: Technical and symposium papers. Volume 105, Part 1
- Published
- 1999
349. A Representative Study of CO2 Emissions and Carbon Intensity Based on a Case of a Pulp and Paper Mill in China: Calculation and Analysis.
- Author
-
Xin Zhang, Fang Zhang, Hui Cai, and Hui Zhang
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *CARBON dioxide , *PULP mills , *PAPER mills , *NUMERICAL calculations - Abstract
In 2017, a carbon emissions trading market will be launched nationwide by the China government. Calculating the enterprise carbon emissions is an important prerequisite and basis for trading. This paper discussed types of greenhouse gases, calculation boundaries and methods, energy consumption, carbon emissions, and intensity of a representative integrated pulp and paper mill in China based on China Guidance and Greenhouse Gas Protocol Tools. The results showed that there were 435,000 tonnes (t) of CO2 emissions from that mill in 2014 that did not contain emissions of biomass energy, which was 8 times higher than that of fossil energy. The pulp carbon intensity based on the mill was 0.230 t CO2/Adt, which accounted for 7.50% to 57.4% in other pulps' based on the product. Intensity based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 1.090 t CO2e/1000 USD and accounted for 56.8% intensity in the China paper industry. The intensity based on sales accounted for 52.6% in the firstclass enterprise in the developed country. It also showed that intensity was influenced by the species of raw material, energy, and products, which provided the mill with measures for energy saving and emissions reduction to obtain the redundant carbon emissions in the trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
350. Printed and tablet e-paper newspaper from an environmental perspective - A screening life cycle assessment
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.