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Aiming at the problems of poor scheduling flexibility and insufficient carbon emission reduction capacity of the current integrated energy system, this paper proposes an optimization scheduling model of integrated energy demand response that combines source-load synergy with reward and punishment stepped carbon trading mechanism. Firstly, the integrated energy system operation architecture including electricity-heat-cooling energy was constructed to harmonize the energy generation side and consumption side and effectively improve the multi-energy complementary capability of the system. Secondly, the reward and punishment stepped carbon trading mechanism is established by combining the initial carbon quota allocation method and the actual carbon emission calculation theory, so that environmental friendliness and economic sustainability are effectively improved. Finally, to minimize the system operating cost, an integrated demand response optimal dispatch model that considers the characteristics of electric, thermal and cooling loads is constructed to determine the optimal dispatch scheme for the integrated energy system. The results of the calculation example indicate that the proposed integrated demand response model has the function of peak reduction and valley correction, energy conservation and carbon reduction, and provides a feasible solution for the integrated energy system optimal scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for renewable energy sources is recently necessitated by attaining sustainability and climate change mitigation. Accordingly, the use of renewable energy sources has been growing rapidly during the last two decades. Yet, the potentials of renewable energy sources are generally influenced by several climatic factors that either determine the source of energy such as wind speed in the case of wind power or affect the performance of system such as the reduction in solar PV power production due to temperature increase. This highlights the need for assessing climate change impacts on renewable energy sources in the future to ensure their reliability and sustainability. This paper is intended to assess impacts of climate change on wind and solar potential energy in Egypt by the year 2065 under RCP 8.5 scenario. For this purpose, a GIS-based methodology of three main steps was applied. The results revealed that solar energy potential in Egypt is expected to be relatively less vulnerable to climate change compared to wind energy. In this respect, it was found that while wind energy potential was estimated to range ± 12%. By the year 2065 under RCP 8.5 scenario, PV module power is expected to decrease by about 1.3% on average. Such assessment can assist in developing more sustainable and flexible renewable energy policy in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Active citizen participation, especially as collective prosumers in energy communities or as individual prosumers, is vital for a sustainable energy transition. As such, it is explicitly supported by European Union policy. It is the aim of policy-makers that a large proportion of the residential energy demand will be met in this way. At present, there is limited analysis on the macroeconomic impacts of such an increase in prosumers. In this study, we develop and apply an approach for assessing the macroeconomic impacts of transformation pathways, which depict potential developments of individual and collective prosumers. Results: The paper methodologically demonstrates how to macroeconomically assess scenarios and transformation pathways originating from cross-impact balance analyses by means of an input–output analysis. In particular, it is shown how qualitative data on future developments can be transformed into financial flows so as to enable an input–output analysis. Based on the assessment of two transformation pathways, our main findings suggest that there might be positive regional and national effects on net value added and employment as well as reductions in CO2 emissions. We find that the scale of the effects strongly depends on the spatial distribution of heterogeneous households and the underlying economic structure. Conclusions: Our study represents a methodological advancement by showing how scenarios and transformation pathways can be assessed in terms of their macroeconomic consequences. This study shows that energy communities and individual prosumers might generate positive effects on value added and on employment. Given that households fix their energy supply options for decades, political decisions to support the energy transition in the residential sector should be taken as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental, economic, and social activities involve inherent spatial dimensions. The geospatial information system (GIS), a platform containing principles, methods, and tools to link, create, visualize, analyze, and model artificial activities and environment, provides the possibility to develop sustainability in the building sector. With globally political collaborations across governments, the demands to manage and visualize sustainable data (e.g., building energy and environment with geospatial reference) and implement more rigorous building modelling are increasing. A systematic mapping at multiple scales will help urban engineers, architectural engineers, policymakers, and energy planners identify emission hotspots, locate spatial resources, restructure district energy mix, and achieve net zero energy targets. To achieve net zero energy goals, it is crucial to minimize energy consumption, improve energy efficiency, and most importantly, apply renewable energy in buildings. However, these processes imply many aspects and challenges, regarding e.g., data availability, scalability, integrability, and a lack of clear and applicable frameworks. In this conceptional perspective paper, we aim to explore the potential of applying and installing renewable energy in net zero energy buildings using the GIS. More specifically, the described virtual framework will effectively support policy- and decision-makers in optimizing the energy structure, reducing building emissions, and applying renewable energy technologies. We also present challenges, limitations, and future directions for real practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, renewable energy resources (RESs) have been utilized to supply electricity to remote areas, instead of the conventional methods of electrical energy production. In this paper, the optimal design of a standalone hybrid RES comprising photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass sources as well as an energy storage system, such as a hydro-pumped storage system, is studied. The problem of the optimal sizing of the generating units in the proposed energy system is formulated as an optimization problem and the algorithms heap-based optimizer (HBO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied to achieve the optimal sizing of each component of the proposed grid-independent hybrid system. The optimization problem is formulated depending on the real-time meteorological data of the Ataka region on the Red Sea in Egypt. The main goal of the optimization process is to minimize the cost of energy (COE) and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP), while satisfying the constraints of system operation. The results clarify that the HBO algorithm succeeded in obtaining the best design for the selected RE system with the minimum COE of 0.2750 USD/kWh and a net present cost (NPC) of USD 8,055,051. So, the HBO algorithm has the most promising performance over the GWO algorithm in addressing this optimization problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, renewable energy (RE) has shown promise as a sustainable solution to the rising energy demand worldwide. Photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a highly viable RE alternative. The majority of PV schemes use specific PV models with specified parameters. This study proposes a PV model with generic specifications, a PV array, a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC inverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and grid synchronization using a feedback control system under the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Various MPPT techniques have been adapted to track the PV's maximum power point (MPP); however, there are various uncertainties. To address these challenges, this paper presented a perturb and observe (P&O) strategy to track the MPP of PV systems reliably. The MPP of a PV system varies according to meteorological order, such as solar radiation and cell temperature. The MPPT primarily gathers the maximum current and voltage of the PV array and provides them to the load using a boost converter. The MPPT performance and PV array attributes are analyzed during abrupt weather changes. Finally, a feedback controller is configured to perform synchronization of the inverter with the grid. The validity and reliability of the PV module using P&O methods provide a higher efficacy of MPPT under MATLAB/simulation. Finally, the presented results endorse the strength of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is an indispensable requirement for the sustainable development of countries. Turkey has been trying to increase the use of renewable sources in electricity energy production with the policies it has implemented recently. This study investigates the effect of disaggregate energy consumption on economic growth in Turkey via the Augmented ARDL. Robust results are obtained by Augmented ARDL in econometric analysis. In this context, it is to examine the impact of renewable energy, natural gas, and coal consumption. Considering the 2001 crisis in Turkey, we add a dummy variable to the cointegration equation. The paper employs the recently developed augmented ARDL approach in the presence of one structural break to investigate annual time series data during the period 1988–2018. The results obtained in this study showed that all variables were statistically significant eventually. Long-term estimation results suggest that among the energy sources examined in the study, on economic growth has a positive effect coal consumption, natural gas consumption, and renewable energy. Moreover, empirical results indicated that economic growth and energy consumption also contribute to environmental damage. On the contrary, natural gas both increases economic growth and is effective in increasing environmental quality. The fact that the positive effect of renewable energy sources on economic growth eventually is greater than natural gas is the most striking finding of the study. In line with these results, it can be said that Turkey can reduce its energy dependence by increasing the use of domestic and renewable energy sources and providing sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the issues associated with climate change and reliance on external sources of energy, among others, the European Union and its commission have developed a strategy for transitioning to a climate-neutral economy by 2050. In this sense, a wide-ranging package was adopted to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets for the years 2020, 2030, and 2050. Hence, energy efficiency is a key principle of the European Union, as is energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy. The most evident force is the European Efficiency Directive, adopted in 2012, which embraced a set of measures such as legal obligations to establish energy-saving schemes and/or alternative measures in the Member States. Concerning final energy consumption, the industrial sector is the second biggest consumer of final energy and one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Some publications have studied the effectiveness of European policies, but they generally focus on a macro perspective. Few present case studies in specific industries, especially in intensive energy industries such as the ceramic industry. In this context, its higher consumption forces it to find solutions. From a challenge posed by the company, this paper presents a case study in the Portuguese ceramic industry. This study is motivated by the high energy consumption and associated costs. The main purposes of this study are to check the effectiveness of the applied measures resulting from the audit carried out in 2018, to improve energy efficiency, and to study the feasibility of implementing renewable energy sources. This work consisted of four phases: (i) studying the significant impacts of energy costs on the company; (ii) verifying if the energy indicator goals were achieved, using the 2018 energy audit as a reference; (iii) suggesting actions to improve energy efficiency and checking their effectiveness; and (iv) studying the feasibility of implementing renewable energy sources. The measures taken not only contributed to the achievement of the company's goals established in the Portuguese National Energy and Climate Plan but also enabled them to meet the annual and end goals for 2024 outlined in their energy rationalization plan. This was a consequence of the mandatory energy audit conducted in 2018 under the Portuguese Intensive Energy Consumption Management System (IECMS). In this sense, this case study provides a practical demonstration of how mandatory European policies and regulations at the member state level can help enterprises improve their energy efficiency. It also highlights the importance of evaluating renewable energy constraints rather than adopting them directly as a panacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guangxi is a typical developing region on the southern coast of China. The current issues encountered in the region's development are that fossil energy accounts for about 80% of the energy structure, fossil fuels are heavily dependent on imports, and the self-sufficiency rate of resources is only 32%. These challenges have created a disparity between the current regional development state and the country's dual carbon target. Under the premise of comprehensively considering the multi-sectors of electricity, industry, transportation, and heating, this paper presents a study on the energy system transition towards low-carbon development for Guangxi in four steps. Firstly, to demonstrate EnergyPLAN's capability in energy modeling, a reference scenario for Guangxi is created using official yearbook data from 2020. Then, a short-term scenario is formulated to analyze the development of Guangxi's energy system during the 14th Five-Year Plan. Furthermore, two mid-term scenarios are established, revealing that Guangxi is anticipated to reach its carbon emission peak between 2025 and 2030. Finally, three long-term scenarios are proposed for Guangxi's energy system for 2050. These scenarios encompass the expansion of photovoltaics, nuclear, and wind power in the electricity system and emission reduction policies in the industrial, transportation, and heating sectors. As a result, compared with the 2020REF scenario, Guangxi can achieve a carbon emission reduction exceeding 57% and the share of non-fossil energy consumption can reach about 70% in the 2050 scenarios, despite a substantial increase in energy consumption, which makes it possible to achieve carbon neutrality in 2060 and to establish an energy system with less than 20% of fossil energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonization of the power sector in China is an essential aspect of the energy transition process to achieve carbon neutrality. The power sector accounts for approximately 40% of China's total CO2 emissions. Accordingly, collaborative optimization in power generation expansion planning (GEP) simultaneously considering economic, environmental, and technological concerns as carbon emissions is necessary. This paper proposes a collaborative mixedinteger linear programming optimization approach for GEP. This minimizes the power system's operating cost to resolve emission concerns considering energy development strategies, flexible generation, and resource limitations constraints. This research further analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current GEP techniques. Results show that the main determinants of new investment decisions are carbon emissions, reserve margins, resource availability, fuel consumption, and fuel price. The proposed optimization method is simulated and validated based on China's power system data. Finally, this study provides policy recommendations on the flexible management of traditional power sources, the market-oriented mechanism of new energy sources, and the integration of new technology to support the attainment of carbon-neutral targets in the current energy transition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the countries in South-East Europe primarily depend on fossil fuels to cover their energy demands. The paper discusses the future perspective on wind energy in the country, where over 90% of energy is generated in coal-fired thermal power plants. Given the energy crisis, that has gripped the world, the possibility of covering the increased energy demand is being studied, especially during the winter. Based on current trends on energy generation, with just symbolic participation of wind, hydro and solar energy, the potential for maximization of the use of wind energy is considered, which means the use of each identified adequate location throughout the country. The main advantage here is that the maximum energy produced by wind is during winter when demand increases. This is important to know that Kosovo faces significant heating problems and its demand is covered with electricity. Analyzes prove that the country has a generous wind capacity, which reduces to a certain extent the need to import and even enables the export of energy under certain conditions. The potential installation capacity in Kosovo is 510.9 MW, of which 32.4 MW is currently in operating conditions. From the analysis made for the current wind farm in operation, the plant capacity factor is 31.8%. The study of the results indicates a direct correlation between the increase in load during the winter season and the electricity production by wind farms, thereby, the energy demand can be sufficiently covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) technology plays an important role in the long-distance and large-capability transmission of renewable energy. Power grid company has to improve the reliability and efficiency of UHVDC transmission systems to support renewable energy utilization. In this paper, Six Sigma method is considered for improving the operation and maintenance (O&M) performance of UHVDC converter stations. The working tasks for the operation team and the maintenance team are introduced at first, respectively. The limitation of current O&M management is analyzed. A five-stage implementation of Six Sigma method is discussed in detail. The formed negative feedback ensures the sustainability of implementation and realizes closed-loop management. A representative equipment disposal case is used to demonstrate the adaptability and operability of the potential application of Six Sigma method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambitious goal of the European Union (EU) countries is to achieve carbon neutrality by providing inclusive economic growth, which requires the development of relevant incentives and initiatives. Furthermore, such incentives and initiatives should guarantee the achievement of the declared goals. Energy sectors are the core determinant of inclusive economic growth. Traditional energy resources (coal oriented) have a higher negative impact on nature and people's well-being than on economic and social benefits. However, the transition to renewable energy raises new issues in achieving goals of inclusive economic growth: affordable and clean energy, responsible energy consumption, and energy infrastructure. The analysis of the theoretical framework found that the digitalization of government could be a core instrument for handling the abovementioned issues. The paper aims to justify the role of green energy in achieving inclusive economic growth empirically. The study applies the following methods: fully modified Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and canonical cointegrating regression. The findings allow concluding that institutional quality passively affects inclusive economic growth and that the digitalization of government has a U-shaped impact on inclusive economic growth. In this case, countries should boost the digital transformation of public services and continuously increase the quality of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation is an art of wavering chattels from one location to the other location or one zone to the other zone or one pattern to the other pattern. Designing any regular or irregular polygonal structures especially in tile pasting plays decisive portrayal of procreation. Tile pasting is a technique of gluing tiles in sequence of specific nature, and subsidize collection of structures to the constructors. The sequence of tile pasting can be analyzed and the best sequential path will be determined using Viterbi Algorithm. The pictorial representation of Viterbi algorithm is the trellis path that hand out more strength to the algorithm which shows the sequential order of tile pasting effectively. This paper will also be initiated to find the renewable energy produced by gluing triangular tiles of different polygonal structures and gives an intention to identify the most effective structure among the shapes discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Given the fundamental role of renewable energy assets in achieving global temperature control targets, new energy management methods are required to efficiently match intermittent renewable generation and demand. Based on analysing various designed cases, this paper explores a number of heuristics for a smart battery scheduling algorithm that efficiently matches available power supply and demand. The core of improvement of the proposed smart battery scheduling algorithm is exploiting future knowledge, which can be realized by current state-of-the-art forecasting techniques, to effectively store and trade energy. The performance of the developed heuristic battery scheduling algorithm using forecast data of demands, generation, and energy prices is compared to a heuristic baseline algorithm, where decisions are made solely on the current state of the battery, demand, and generation. The battery scheduling algorithms are tested using real data from two large-scale smart energy trials in the UK, in addition to various types and levels of simulated uncertainty in forecasts. The results show that when using a battery to store generated energy, on average, the newly proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithm, obtaining up to 20–60% more profit for the prosumer from their energy assets, in cases where the battery is optimally sized and high-quality forecasts are available. Crucially, the proposed algorithm generates greater profit than the baseline method even with large uncertainty on the forecast, showing the robustness of the proposed solution. On average, only 2–12% of profit is lost on generation and demand uncertainty compared to perfect forecasts. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed algorithm increases as the uncertainty decreases, showing great promise for the algorithm as the quality of forecasting keeps improving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Africa, switching to renewable energy sources with low carbon emissions is becoming more popular. In the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS), the low-carbon energy transition must overcome significant obstacles, including those posed by policies put in place and their implementation. In order to replace the current fossil fuel-driven economy with low-carbon development that also advances the regional aims and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper analyzes the current policy landscape in the region. A total of 75 policies from four categories (energy access, energy efficiency, renewable energy, climate change) were chosen for the policy review. Multicriteria decision analysis and a thorough review of the literature have shed light on how well the policies of the ECOWAS countries could promote low-carbon development and what the main challenges to overcome are. The last step was the comparison of the progress of the two key policies in the region: the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) and National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP). The results illustrate the amount of work still needing to be done in the region, with only 26 of the 75 policies receiving a score above 50. However, the prospect of a better energy strategy that adequately considers the difficulties of the energy transition is possible, given the progress made by the region's nations since the creation of national action plans for energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE). Our analysis has also shown that countries like Senegal have obtained quite promising results, as evidenced by the best scores of 76.88 and 73.25, respectively, obtained by its NREAP and NEEAP policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of energy is of great interest for development, especially in the transportation industry. This paper investigates a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with two-wheel drives powered by a fuel cell, battery, DC generators, and supercapacitors. Each energy source is connected to a specific controllable converter. The authors compared the energy management strategies of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with classical energy management strategies. The proposed ANFIS method reduced hydrogen consumption by 8% compared to the classical approach, and improved efficiency to over 98%. The primary objective of this work is to demonstrate the impact of artificial intelligence in renewable energy management strategies (EMSs), with the aim of improving system performance as much as possible by comparing it with classical methods such as state machine (SM) and PI strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key factor in limiting global warming is the conversion of conventional electricity generation to renewable energy sources. However, a major obstacle is that renewable energy generation and energy demand often do not coincide in time, and energy must therefore be stored temporarily. Vehicle to grid (V2G) can be used to store excess renewable energy in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and feed it back into the electric grid when needed. For effective V2G operation, the grid may have to be expanded, as the energy needs to be transported to BEVs. However, the grid should only be strengthened where renewable energy demand exceeds current grid capacity due to high grid expansion costs. This requires a method that determines the spatial distribution of V2G potential at a high resolution. Since such a method has not yet been reported in the existing literature, and so is developed in this paper. The method is demonstrated for the city of Berlin and its 448 sub-districts. For each sub-district, the method allows determining the percentage of residential and BEV energy demand that can be met by renewables if V2G is deployed, and answers the question of whether a full renewable supply is possible. The results show that BEVs can be effectively used as intermediate storage for renewable energy. If 30% of the BEVs participate in V2G, more than 99% of the energy demand of households and BEVs in Berlin can be covered by renewables on certain days. On the other hand, V2G deployment increases the average peak load in the districts by up to 100% and results in a nearly double load on vehicle batteries. High shares of renewable energy can be observed in districts with a high degree of motorization, which are predominantly found in the outskirts of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battery-based Energy Storage Transportation (BEST) is the transportation of modular battery storage systems via train cars or trucks representing an innovative solution for a) enhancing Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) utilization and load shifting, and b) providing a potential alternative for managing transmission congestions. This paper focuses on point b) and proposes a long-term transmission-planning model coordinated with both stationary and mobile storage units. The planning-problem objective function minimizes the total system cost, i.e., the sum of i) the investment cost of candidate transmission lines, stationary and mobile storage systems, and ii) the operation cost, including conventional generating units fuel consumption, load shedding penalty and BEST transportation costs. An alternative approach for BEST vehicle scheduling problem is implemented. The contribution lies in the accomplishment of the spatial-temporal scheduling of the mobile storage units by including the Number-of-nonzero mathematical function in the optimization model set of constraints instead of using additional binary variables as generally accomplished. The identification of either storage systems optimal location, or both optimal location and size of storage systems is also allowed. BEST usefulness is analyzed and discussed for a test-system emulating a reals system in China-Northwestern-grid with high VRE penetration divided in five regional areas, of which the most promising one for BEST implementation is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries have initiated strategies to produce energy from alternative sources, reduce the economic dependence on conventional sources, and limit dioxide carbon emissions. Algeria is one of the countries producing conventional energy sources (petrol and gas), the growing of fossils energy consumption in Algeria reduces its oil product exports. This paper focuses on a comprehensive view of the global electrical energy situation and exactly the renewable energy sector in Algeria with specific details of the electrical network named Pole InSalih-Adrar-Timimoun (PIAT). Also, three renewable energy centers were revised completely technically, Also, an investigation of the Algerian renewable energy plan in horizons 2030 was attained in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for electricity is increasing exponentially because of the industrially revolution, which cannot be fulfilled by nonrenewable energy sources alone. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are omnipresent and environmental friendly. The renewable energy sources are emerging options to fulfil the energy demand, but unreliable due to the stochastic nature of their occurrence. Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) combines two or more renewable energy sources like wind turbine and solar system. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive of various aspects of HRES. This paper discusses pre-feasibility analysis and reliability issues. The application of evolutionary technique such as genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic and neural network and future scope in hybrid renewable energy is also presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2009, Geography Compass published a paper on 'The Geopolitics of Global Energy Security' that reviewed research on the key geographical factors influencing the secure and affordable supply of energy resources. Now, just over a decade later, the energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic transformation, and the focus is no longer on fossil fuel scarcity. Rather, this is an age of fossil fuel abundance and the emphasis is on the need to decarbonise the global energy system, constrain the production of fossil fuels and accelerate the deployment of low‐carbon energy technologies. We conceive energy system transformation as a twofold process: a set of 'high‐carbon' energy transitions related to phasing out fossil fuel consumption, 'low‐carbon' energy transitions related to the emergence of new renewable energy and other low‐carbon technologies. This paper reviews the past decade's research that examines the nature and pace of energy system transformation, as well as that which identifies a range of geopolitical challenges associated with these two transitions. The paper concludes by advocating for a 'whole systems' approach to energy geopolitics that captures the critical interactions between the two transitions in a global framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a high-accuracy assessment of domestic demand-side management (DSM) approach in the context of distributed renewable energy sources (RES). To determine the potential of domestic DSM for households, a microgrid model of a typical UK residential estate was developed to simulate the impact of RES. The microgrid model comprises 15 UK households with appropriate allocation of washing machines, tumble dryers and dishwashers in accordance with the statistical data. In order to obtain a high-accuracy result, the power consumption of the microgrid model utilises real historical high-resolution data of household energy consumption and RES generation. Thereafter, 40% of distributed wind and solar energy is implemented in the model to produce two individual scenarios. The operation of the white appliances in the model is controlled using a domestic DSM based on a load shifting algorithm. The primary criterion of the DSM considered in this paper is the reduction in energy feedback to the grid in order to decrease the utilisation of the grid and to reduce the transmission losses. The results obtained from the model simulation are compared to the baseline model and discussed with respect to the possible benefits of implementation of domestic DSM under the impact of RES. It has been shown that the self-consumption ratio of the microgrid operating under the DSM is increased by 3% for both scenarios. The model analysis provides highly realistic results which can be used for efficiency assessment of various load shifting methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design priorities for tall and supertall buildings have for some time shifted to achieving more energy efficiency to address the energy needs of the increasing global population. Engineers and architects aim to achieve energy conservation through active and passive approaches, pursuing technological innovations and adopting climate-responsive design. Because of the green movement currently dominating the building industry, tall buildings that need a massive amount of energy to build and operate, and the practical desire to switch from non-renewable to clean renewable energy resources, intense attention has been given to the energy efficiency of tall buildings in the recent past. Due to the vast array of energy-efficient design features, equipment, and applications available now, it is timely to examine the pros and cons of these issues. This review paper is an attempt to comprehensively present and deliberate these issues. It illustrates and discusses the concepts and applications through a few case studies from several continents worldwide. The review shows that the design of tall buildings focusing on energy conservation is an evolutionary process and there is a need for further research about how to face the associated challenges to improve energy efficiency by developing creative solutions and strategies, as well as applying additional innovative technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the most significant alternatives of renewable energy sustainability using a hybrid decision-making model of multiple criteria. Sustainable energy sources cannot run out and can be used for an indefinite period of time. In addition to meeting our energy needs, sustainable energy does not need to be renewed or replenished, nor does it pose any threat of being wrong or running out. Our energy demands can only be met by renewable energy. The bestworst methodand technique for order preference by similarities to ideal solution-I processes have proposed a hybrid model named the bestworst method—technique for order preference by similarities to ideal solution-I, for this purpose. This study uses comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine the results of the proposed study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current use of fossil fuels has a significant impact on increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Subsequently, renewable energy is significantly needed to reduce GHG, thereby limiting the impact of extreme weather and climate while ensuring reliable, timely, and cost-effective supply. As a big country with a huge amount natural resource, the demand for renewable energy in Indonesia has increased along with the rise in consumption. Following this, energy consumption increased by 0.99%, which was approximately 939.100 million BOE in 2021 for biogas, oil, electricity, natural gas, coal, LPG, biodiesel, and biomass. Energy consumption in several sectors including transportation has the largest energy consumption with approximately 45.76% of oil. In industries and households sector, the consumption rates are 31.11% for boiler steam generation purposes and 16.89% for electricity as well as LPG. Furthermore, the commercial sector consumes 4.97% of energy for lighting and air conditioning, while the remaining 1.27% is used for other sectors. Meanwhile, Indonesia has high potential for renewable energy at 419 GW including 75 GW of hydro energy, 23.7 GW of geothermal, 32.6 GW of bioenergy, 207.8 GW of solar, 60.6 GW of wind, and 19.3 GW of micro-hydro. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the current status, prospects, and information on Indonesia's renewable and sustainable energy sources. Furthermore, the novelty of this research entails updating the latest data related to renewable energy and its availability in Indonesia. The essence is to portray a picture of its potential development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aspiration of this paper is to learn about the effects of economic growth (GDPG) and energy consumption (ENRC) on environmental pollution (EP) in G-3 countries and to show the significance of renewable energy consumption (RENEW) on environmental pollution (EP). The data covers the period from 1970 to 2020 by applying the "Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag" (PMG-ARDL) model. The results indicate that GDPG is negatively co-integrated with CO2 emissions (pollution) in the short run (SR) but positively co-integrated in the long run (LR). Energy consumption has a positive impact in the long run, but there is no positive impact in the short run to accelerate pollution. In both the short and long run, renewable energy has a significant role in reducing environmental degradation. However, according to the Dumitrescu Hurlin panel, there was bidirectional causality (BC) involving energy consumption and pollution. Because of the large volume of energy emphasized in economic growth and development activities, energy use increases pollution. In addition, there was a BC involving energy consumption and economic growth. At the country level, a significant contribution implies sustainable development and the implication of environmental quality assurance policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the impacts of the environmental Kuznets curve and the determinants of economic growth for Visegrad countries from 1990 to 2018. This paper reflects on the effects of renewable and non-renewable energy, urban population, foreign direct investment, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions. According to our results, the panel of unit root tests showed that the variables under study are integrated into the first differences. Considering the empirical results for the environmental Kuznets curve, we observe that economic growth is positively correlated with pollution emissions; nevertheless, the squared income per capita is negatively impacted by carbon dioxide emissions. Energy consumption increases carbon emissions, and foreign direct investment confirms the pollution halo hypothesis. Therefore, the econometric results showed that renewable energy consumption promotes regional growth. Consequently, urban population and foreign direct investment positively correlate with economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has seen an increase in renewable energy sources in the energy mix due to global environmental and supply security concerns. This paper aimed to investigate renewable energy effects on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). The investigation is from 1988 to 2018, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL), and fully modified OLS (FMOL) techniques. Based on empirical analyses of ARDL and FMOLS, it was found that both renewable and nonrenewable energies have a positive impact on economic growth in the Southern African power pool. However, the NARDL estimation indicates that neither renewable nor nonrenewable energy has a significant effect on economic growth in Southern African power pool. Therefore, based on the findings from both ARDL and FMOLS, the growth hypothesis is supported regarding the connection between renewable energy and economic growth in the Southern Africa power pool. Centered on the results, some policy implications were drawn for SAPP for sustainable economic growth, which includes measures to increase renewable energy in the energy mix, and also to encourage the optimization of cross-border connections where energy production from countries within SAPP that are not restricted by natural resources can be relied on to export sustainable energy. Additionally, building a more sustainable integrated power system in the region will assist SAPP with sustainable energy access and reduce the dependence on nonrenewable energy within the interconnected countries soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the world moves toward high utilization of renewable energy application due to environmental and economic issues. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most common renewable technologies, which produces electricity from solar irradiance. Due to environmental friendliness, sustainability, and lack of fuel costs, the number of applications and studies relating to PV plants is rapidly growing. Apart from the numerous benefits provided by PV, it faces some issues. Dust and surface temperature are the most important issues which cause a detrimental impact on the conversion system's performance. The cell temperature also, reflects on the PV degradation rate and the system life time. PV surface Cooling is an important way to be considered while running solar photovoltaic systems in order to obtain improved efficiency. There are different cooling techniques are suggested in literatures including active cooling, passive cooling and hybrid cooling techniques up to the most recent researches. The common methods for PV cooling are reviewed, studied, and evaluated in this paper. Different features and capabilities of cooling technologies are presented, in addition to highlight the opportunities to enhance or upgrade the cooling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for electricity is constantly increasing, and production is facing new constraints due to the current world situation. An alternative to standard energy production methodologies is based on the use of renewable sources; however, these methodologies do not produce energy consistently due to weather factors. This results in a significant commitment of the user who must appropriately distribute loads in the most productive time slots. In this paper, a comparison is made between two methods of predicting solar energy production, one statistical and the other meteorological. For this work, a system capable of presenting the scheduling of household appliances is tested. The system is able to predict the energy consumption of the users and the energy production of the solar system. The system is tested using data from three different users, and the mean percentage of consumption reduction is about 77.73%. This is achieved through optimized programming of appliance use that also considers user comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sixth Assessment Report of Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has highlighted the urgency of accelerated climate actions harnessing synergies and minimizing trade-offs with various SDG. This calls for a clear understanding of linkages between climate goals and other SDGs at national level for formulating synergistic policies and strategies and developing different sectoral programs and coherent cross-sectoral policies. This is even more important for least developed countries such as Nepal where these linkages are less understood and development challenges are multifaceted. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate potential synergies and trade-offs among selected SDGs and their associated targets in Nepal in a linear pairwise comparison. Synergies and trade-offs related to climate action (SDG 13), access to energy (SDG 7), sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12), and life on land (SDG 15) have been evaluated using historical data for the period from 1990 to 2018 employing a mixed methods approach. Network analysis to map the conceptual linkages between the SDGs and their targets was combined with the advance sustainability analysis (ASA) to quantitatively evaluate the synergy and trade-offs between SDGs. The results illustrate the presences of a continual trade-off between emission reductions targets of SDG 13 with per capita energy consumption and share of renewable energy of SDG 7, land use for agricultural production target of SDG 12, and forest area target of SDG 15. This indicates that climate action is strongly interlinked with GHG emissions from economic activities and energy consumption. The results of the study represent a valuable input for the policy makers, supporting coherent and sustainable development planning as Nepal plans to graduate to a middle-income country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a promising commodity, a renewable secondary energy source, and feedstock alike, to meet greenhouse gas emissions targets and promote economic decarbonization. A common goal pursued by many countries, the hydrogen economy receives a blending of public and private capital. After European Green Deal, state members created national policies focused on green hydrogen. This paper presents a study of energy transition considering green hydrogen production to identify Portugal's current state and prospects. The analysis uses energy generation data, hydrogen production aspects, CO 2 emissions indicators and based costs. A comprehensive simulation estimates the total production of green hydrogen related to the ratio of renewable generation in two different scenarios. Then a comparison between EGP goals and Portugal's transport and energy generation prospects is made. Portugal has an essential renewable energy matrix that supports green hydrogen production and allows for meeting European green hydrogen 2030–2050 goals. Results suggest that promoting the conversion of buses and trucks into H 2 -based fuel is better for CO 2 reduction. On the other hand, given energy security, thermoelectric plants fueled by H 2 are the best option. The aggressive scenario implies at least 5% more costs than the moderate scenario, considering economic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing carbon emission mitigation and carbon utilization have become necessary for the world to respond to climate change caused by the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations. As a result, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have attracted considerable attention worldwide, especially in China, which plans to achieve a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. This paper proposed six priorities for China, the current world's largest carbon emitter, to achieve its dual carbon strategy in the green energy transition process. We analyzed and summarized the challenges and potentialities of conventional carbon utilization (CU), carbon capture utilization (CCU), and CCUS. Based on the current development trend, carbon dioxide capture, circular utilization, and storage (CCCUS) technology that integrates carbon circular utilization and partial sequestration, with large-scale underground energy storage were proposed, namely biomethanation. Technically and economically, biomethanation was believed to have an essential contribution to China's renewable energy utilization and storage, as well as the carbon circular economy. The preliminary investigation reveals significant potential, with a corresponding carbon storage capacity of 5.94 × 108 t~7.98 × 108 t and energy storage of 3.29 × 1012 kWh~4.42 × 1012 kWh. Therefore, we believe that in addition to vigorously developing classical CCUS technology, technical research and pilot projects of CCCUS technology that combined large-scale underground energy storage also need to be carried out to complete the technical reserve and the dual-carbon target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordable and clean energy for any rural community is crucial for the sustainable development of the community and the nation at large. The utilization of diesel-based power generation is one of the barriers to the sustainable development of these communities. Such generations require fuel that has a volatile market price and emits massive greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a hybrid power system for a rural area in the Sultanate of Oman that aims to reduce daily consumption of diesel fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) is utilized to model multiple energy mix hybrid systems and to propose the best optimal energy mix system for a selected community. In addition, Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software is employed to assess hybrid system operational performances, such as bus voltage profiles and active and reactive power losses. This study revealed that the PV–wind–diesel system is the optimal energy mix hybrid microgrid for the Al-Dhafrat rural area in Oman, with a net present cost of USD 14.09 million. Compared to the currently operating diesel-based system, the deployment of this microgrid can reduce the levelized cost of energy, diesel fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions per year by 54.56%, 70.44%, and 70.40%, respectively. This study confirms that the Sultanate of Oman has a substantial opportunity to install a hybrid microgrid system for rural diesel-based communities to achieve sustainable development in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]