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Introduction: Mycotic aortic aneurysm (MAA) is a life-threatening condition. Endovascular repair (EVAR) of aortic aneurysms has been found to be a safe and effective alternative to open repair. We aimed to present the short- to medium-term outcomes for EVAR of MAA in our cohort., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 23 consecutive patients with MAA who underwent EVAR in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2017., Results: The mean age of our study population was 62 years. The mean aneurysmal size was 3.2 cm. Abdominal MAAs (n = 16, 70%) were the most common, followed by thoracic MAAs (n = 4, 17%). There was no 30-day mortality in our cohort. Endoleak (Types 1, 3, 4) was detected in 3 (13%) cases. At the one-month surveillance computed tomography aortogram, all patients had a reduction in aneurysmal size and 5 (22%) had complete aneurysmal sac resolution. 7 (30%) patients had sac resolution at six months and 8 (35%) patients, at 12 months. The overall survival was 91%, 80% and 61% at one, 12 and 60 months, respectively., Conclusion: EVAR is a feasible and durable method for the repair of MAA, with a five-year overall survival of 61%. All patients in our study had a reduction in aneurysmal size at one month, with 65% having complete aneurysmal sac resolution by 12 months., (Copyright: © Singapore Medical Association.)

At the outset and during the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, as valuable resources are channeled to combat the pandemic, challenges in timely delivery of non-COVID-19-related health care services such as endovascular service arise. As such, this article looks at a tertiary institution's experience in managing its endovascular workload-referenced to the American College of Surgeons' triage of vascular surgery patient acuity-based case classification., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

With technological improvements in the endovascular armamentarium, there have been tremendous advances in catheter-based femoropopliteal artery intervention during the last decade. However, standardization of the methodology for assessing outcomes has been underappreciated, and unvalidated peak systolic velocity ratios (PSVRs) of 2.0, 2.4, and 2.5 on duplex ultrasonography have been arbitrarily but routinely used for assessing restenosis. Quantitative vessel analysis (QVA) is a widely accepted method to identify restenosis in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular interventions, and PSVR needs to be validated by QVA. This multidisciplinary review is intended to disseminate the importance of QVA and a validated PSVR based on QVA for binary restenosis in contemporary femoropopliteal intervention.

"Snuffbox" radial access entails sheath insertion into the dorsal branch of the radial artery within the so-called anatomic snuffbox. The purpose of this report is to describe the technique and early experience in 50 visceral interventional procedures performed in 31 patients, which included liver embolotherapy, visceral arterial stent insertion, aneurysm embolization, and emergency embolization. In all cases, the procedures were successfully completed by using the snuffbox access, with a single case of asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm as the only access-related complication. Early experience showed that snuffbox radial access is technically feasible and represents a viable alternative to conventional radial access for visceral intervention procedures., (Copyright © 2018 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment of descending thoracic aorta pathology. However, TEVAR in the aortic arch remains challenging. Customized fenestrated TEVAR (fTEVAR) allows extension of the proximal seal zone, while preserving the involved supra-aortic vessels. There is a paucity of information on fTEVAR; hence, we aim to evaluate our early experience and lessons learnt with fTEVAR in the aortic arch., Methods: This is a retrospective single-centre review of fTEVAR endografts for aortic arch pathology over 24 months. Seven patients with mean age of 72.8 years (range 63-84 years) were included. A total of 15 supra-aortic branches were treated [left subclavian artery (n = 7), left carotid artery (n = 5), innominate artery (n = 1), bovine origins (n = 2)], involving a total of nine fenestrations and six scallops. No supra-aortic debranching was required., Results: Median follow-up was 15 months. Technical success was 86%, and one patient had malalignment of the fTEVAR endograft requiring salvage with double chimney technique. There were no early endoleaks with one type 2 endoleak detected in the follow-up period. Two access site pseudoaneurysms required intervention. There was a learning curve involved reflected by higher than average mean operative time of 224 min with average radiation dose of 3029.86 mGy and mean contrast volume of 283 mls., Conclusion: fTEVAR in the aortic arch is feasible in Asian patients, although there was a learning curve involved, and careful patient selection is advised. Longer term data in a larger population are required to assess its durability.

Background: Western studies showed vascular caliber changes post-endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aims to evaluate for postoperative changes of the common femoral artery inner diameter (CFA ID) in the Asian population., Methods: From January 2011 to June 2016, 202 patients who underwent EVAR were reviewed. CFA IDs were evaluated at 3 fixed levels on computed tomography (CT) aortograms. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared. Per-groin analysis was carried out after division into percutaneous access endovascular aneurysm repair (PEVAR) and surgical access endovascular aneurysm repair (SEVAR) groups. Independent sample t-test compared for differences in overall CFA ID changes between PEVAR and SEVAR groups. Paired sample t-test evaluated CFA ID changes in each group. P value < 0.05 was considered significant., Results: One hundred and twenty patients were included, with 200 groins subsequently analyzed. The PEVAR and SEVAR groups have no significant demographic differences, except in sheath size and duration of CT aortogram follow-up. No significant differences in overall CFA ID changes comparing PEVAR and SEVAR groups (-0.12 ± 1.05 mm, -0.10 ± 0.81 mm, P = 0.36). No significant overall CFA ID changes in both PEVAR (7.92 ± 1.23 mm, 7.80 ± 1.38 mm, P = 0.34) and SEVAR groups (7.47 ± 1.44 mm, 7.36 ± 1.64 mm, P = 0.15)., Conclusions: No significant differences in CFA caliber changes comparing PEVAR and SEVAR. No significant CFA caliber changes in either group., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We describe the technique using high-volume three-dimensional coils to "augment" an insufficient stent-graft landing zone. This was performed to preserve hypogastric artery perfusion in the case of common iliac artery aneurysm which resides next to the internal iliac artery., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this technique, we describe the insertion of a second sheath into the primary sheath containing a guidewire that is meant to be exteriorized. The second sheath serves to open the valve of the primary sheath and creates a water-tight chamber for the guidewire to enter. The second sheath is then removed, exposing the successfully exteriorized guidewire. This technique is an useful adjunct to conventional guidewire exteriorization techniques during body floss procedures., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Insertion of a carotid chimney graft during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (Ch-TEVAR) is a recognized technique to extend the proximal landing zone into the aortic arch in the treatment of thoracic aortic disease. Conventional technique requires surgical exposure of the carotid artery for insertion of the carotid chimney graft., Methodology: We describe our experience in the use of a suture-mediated closure device in percutaneous Ch-TEVAR in four patients., Results: Successful hemostasis was achieved in all four patients. No complications related to the carotid puncture were recorded., Conclusion: We conclude that using suture-mediated closure device for carotid closure appears feasible and deserves further studies as a potential alternative to conventional surgical approach.

Purpose: To report a potential complication when using the Aspirex S rotational thrombectomy catheter., Case Report: A 76-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure presented with left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (BCAVF) dysfunction and subsequently underwent percutaneous thrombectomy using the Aspirex S catheter. During the course of the thrombectomy, device malfunction ultimately resulted in complete thrombosis of the cephalic outflow tract; eventually, a new right BCAVF had to be created., Conclusion: There are possible complications when using the Aspirex S catheter in thrombectomy of dialysis accesses, and further experience with this thrombectomy device is needed to fully understand its potential and limitations.

Suture-mediated closure devices are increasingly used for closure of large arteriotomies, such as those required for endovascular aortic repair. One of the commonly encountered situations is persistent arteriotomy oozing after successful closure requiring manual compression. The purpose of this report is to describe a simple adjunctive technique that allows a hemostatic agent (such as gelatin sponge) to be "railroaded" onto the arteriotomy site over the sutures of the closure device, thus facilitating hemostasis., (Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Advanced Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) refers to devices and techniques used for endografting of aortic aneurysms that are considered anatomically unsuitable for conventional EVAR. Customised devices and modified use of conventional EVAR devices now overcome challenging landing zones. Fenestrated and branch devices, together with chimney and periscope techniques can be used to overcome proximal landing zone challenges, while iliac branch grafts and sandwich techniques have been used to address challenging distal iliac landing issues. Due to the novelty of these techniques, life-long surveillance is crucial, with CT Aortography (CTA) being the key investigation. Currently, the body of literature surrounding the imaging aspects of these techniques is scarce. The purpose of this imaging review is to illustrate the appearance of advanced EVAR in both routine surveillance and complicated cases, using conventional and novel CTA techniques. Key Points • This review updates readers about advanced endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms • It illustrates the common CT appearances following advanced EVAR • Novel CTA techniques in troubleshooting problems unique to advanced EVAR are described.

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the short- to mid-term results of the endovascular repair of thoracic aortic disease and to present an overview of our experience with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in our institution., Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who were treated and underwent TEVAR in our institution between August 2004 and November 2009 was conducted., Results: Technical success was achieved in 100% of the patients and the 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Perioperative endoleak was visualised at the end of the procedure in 4 patients. Secondary endoleak was observed in 2 patients. Mean hospital length of stay post-TEVAR was 15.4 days. Postoperative major complications were observed in 4 patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%, with 2 mortalities (11.1%) during the followup period., Conclusion: This study adds to the growing body of literature that support TEVAR as an effective procedure in the management of thoracic aortic diseases and reflects its feasibility in our population. Further technical advancement in stent grafts, careful selection of patients and standardised peri-procedural care would contribute to further improvements in clinical outcomes.

Purpose: To describe early experience with the use of iliac branch grafts (IBGs) in aortoiliac aneurysm repair., Materials and Methods: From July 2007 to August 2009 (25 months), 14 patients (13 men, one woman) with a mean age of 70.1 years (range, 59.3-80.0 y) were treated with IBGs. Indications were abdominal aneurysm with common iliac artery (CIA) involvement (n = 11), juxtarenal aortic aneurysm with CIA involvement (n = 1), and bilateral CIA and internal iliac artery (IIA) aneurysms (n = 1). Postoperative endoleaks and patency rate were determined with computed tomography within 1 month of implantation and 1 year thereafter, with concurrent clinical evaluation for pelvic ischemia. Mean follow-up period was 18.7 months (range, 6-35 mo)., Results: Technical success rate, as defined by successful implantation of IBG with no intraprocedural type I or type III endoleak, was 86% (12 of 14). A total of 14 IBGs were successfully deployed in 12 patients. Two cases of technical failure were related to excessive iliac tortuosity. The mean hospitalization duration was 6.5 days (range, 3-14 d), with zero mortality at 30 days. There were two cases of type II endoleak treated conservatively and a single case of IBG-related type III endoleak that required repeat intervention. The rest of the stent-implanted aortic and iliac aneurysms remained stable in size, with no aneurysm rupture or death recorded. All stent-implanted iliac branches remained patent on follow-up. None of the patients who received IBGs had new symptoms of pelvic ischemia., Conclusions: Iliac branch graft placement is a feasible technique with excellent short-term results in the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms., (Copyright © 2011 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)