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Bacteria were accepted as primary etiologic factor in the development of pulpal and periapical lesions. Successful root canal treatment depends on chemomechanical removal of dentin debris and infectious microorganisms in pulpal tissue. During treatment it requires the recognition of the problems to achieve positive results and removal of etiological factors. Removal of the etiologic factors is not only mechanical cleaning of the root canals. Therefore,irrigants is the essential part of cleanliness Chemomechanical. This review of the literature on the effects of the shape of the structure used in endodontic irrigation solution and contains information about the current irrigation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the temperature values at the root surface during Nd: YAG laser application in the root canal and to investigate the reliability of the method. Material-Method: In the study, 30 non-carious taken central incisors and canines were used. The root canal dimensions of the prepared teeth were determined. The teeth were prepared by the step-back technique. All the teeth were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. The Nd: YAG laser was applied to the teeth in Group 1: 1.5 W, 15 pps and 100 mJ, Group 2: 1.8 W at 15 pps, 120 mJ, and Group 3: 2 W, 15 pps at 140 mJ laser application. Results: The results of the first laser application and the final laser application were statistically evaluated by means of Student-T test and One Way Anova analysis. Considering all the laser levels tested in this study it was determined that pulsed laser application did not exceed the 100C limit, which remained within acceptable limits and caused irreversible damage to periapical tissues. Conclusions: Within the framework of statistical analyzes and obtained experimental results, it is predicted that 2 W, 15 pps and 140 mJ laser application can be used for an effective antimicrobial result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research. Animal experiments help scientists understanding diseases that exist animals and humans, for example new medicines or new surgical techniques. Animal models have an significiant place in endodontics. Planning the animal experiments, choosing the animal models and the applying ethical principles, in researchs have been included in this review. We concluded that the animal experimants could be conducted on rats, mices and ferrets except the stem cell researches which should be done in endodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]