1. Required minimal protein domain of flower for synaptobrevin2 endocytosis in cytotoxic T cells.
- Author
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Ravichandran K, Schirra C, Urbansky K, Tu SM, Alawar N, Mannebach S, Krause E, Stevens D, Lancaster CRD, Flockerzi V, Rettig J, Chang HF, and Becherer U
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Immunological Synapses metabolism, Mice, Knockout, Endocytosis, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic metabolism, Protein Domains, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 metabolism, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 genetics
- Abstract
Flower, a highly conserved protein, crucial for endocytosis and cellular fitness, has been implicated in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing efficiency through its role in cytotoxic granule (CG) endocytosis at the immune synapse (IS). This study explores the molecular cues that govern Flower-mediated CG endocytosis by analyzing uptake of Synaptobrevin2, a protein specific to CG in mouse CTL. Using immunogold electron microscopy and total internal fluorescence microscopy, we found that Flower translocates in a stimulus-dependent manner from small vesicles to the IS, thereby ensuring specificity in CG membrane protein recycling. Using confocal live-cell imaging, we assessed the ability of a range of naturally occurring mouse, human and Drosophila isoforms to rescue defective endocytosis in Flower KO CTLs. This analysis demonstrated that the N-terminal portion of the protein, encompassing amino acids 1-106 in mice, is the minimal domain necessary for Synaptobrevin2 endocytosis. Additionally, we identified two pivotal sites through site-specific mutation: a putative AP2-binding site, and a tyrosine at position 104 in mouse Flower. These findings provide insights into Flower's specific functional domain essential for CG endocytosis, which is a key process in mediating T cell serial killing required for the effective fight against cancer., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethical approval: All experimental procedures were approved and performed according to the regulations of the state of Saarland (Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, AZ: 2.4.1.1)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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