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Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by varying hyperglycemias either due to insufficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas or improper utilization of glucose. The study was aimed to investigate the association of morphological features of erythrocytes among normal and diabetic subjects and its gender-based changes and thereby to develop a computer aided tool to diagnose diabetes using features extracted from RBC. Materials and Methods: The study involved 138 normal and 144 diabetic subjects. The blood was drawn from the subjects and the blood smear prepared was digitized using Zeiss fluorescent microscope. The digitized images were pre-processed and texture segmentation was performed to extract the various morphological features. The Pearson correlation test was performed and subsequently, classification of subjects as normal and diabetes was carried out by a neural network classifier based on the features that demonstrated significance at the level of P

Title of the paper: Level estimation of metabolic parameters in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) of young bulls The metabolic parameters of the glucose tolerance test are suitable for an additional recommendation for the valuation of the breeding bulls before the start of the offspring’s test could be given. Very important is the level of glucose half live to the begin of lactation of the cows. The other limit is the hyperglycemias greater than 10 mmol/l (or 180 mg/dl) in the glucose level in the blood. The glucose half live measured nearly 48 minutes is comparable in the 8th week post partum in lactation of cows with the young bulls in the age one year. Their combination with the pedigree breeding value is leading to increase of information, that could be utilised to the selection of improper bulls if the present results were confirmed.

Three insulin-dependent diabetic patients estimated their blood glucose levels twice daily. Following baseline two interventions were implemented: (1) In the feedback procedure (F) subjects received immediate feedback regarding the accuracy of their estimation; (2) In the feedback plus external cues procedure (FEC) subjects were told to take into account a list of "external cues" related to blood glucose levels before estimating their level and receiving feedback. The FEC procedure resulted in a larger increase in accuracy of blood glucose level estimation than the feedback-only procedure. The FEC procedure also resulted in more important decreases in the percentage of hyperglycemic assessments and in the percentage of nonestimated hyperglycemias than the feedback procedure.

Publisher Summary A variable number of abnormalities combine to make up the syndrome known as “diabetes mellitus.” The definition of exactly what constitutes the diabetic state is somewhat arbitrary and semantic, and is often viewed differently by the experimentalist and the clinician. Hyperglycemia is the one condition common to all definitions of diabetes. The most common clinical type of diabetes mellitus and the diabetic states, which have been most thoroughly investigated experimentally, are caused by a primary lack or absence of insulin. It is perhaps a useful coincidence that in English the word diabetes is spelled like a plural. Certainly it ought to be considered as a collective noun, representing a class of very different conditions presenting the common characteristic of high blood glucose levels. Even in this regard, differences exist between hyperglycemias as regards their degree and their dependence upon the nature and the amount of the diet concerned. The chapter describes those diabetic states occurring clinically and produced experimentally which are not due primarily to a lack of insulin. Some of these hyperglycemic states may subsequently depend upon a lack of insulin for their persistence, but their geneses depend upon other factors.