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Medical Images has evolved from time to time and the need to protect sensitive information related to such images have also grown significantly. Nowadays data being the primary asset of an individual, protecting them has posed new challenges from time and again. With the advancement of the digital medium, the medical image has been at greater risk and there is an urgent need to protect the information and the raw pixel data of such images. This research focuses on ensuring the confidentiality of DICOM medical images and protecting the Electronic Patient Report (EPR) by applying both cryptographic and steganographic protection techniques. The encryption keys are generated using the Logistic Chaotic Map and Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register. the electronic patient report (EPR) is converted into a 9-space-format using Continued Fraction of Ramanujan conjecture and then using steganography techniques EPR is embedded into the Most Significant Bits of Medical Images. The final encrypted image contains the EPR as well as encrypted medical image. The key sequence used in order to encrypt the medical image is highly pseudo random and the Key Space Analysis depicted that the algorithm is very strong. This work has paved a better way of securely storing 16-bit DICOM medical images and EPR into the Picture Archive and Communication System repository. The proposed security model has shown promising results in comparison to other research and the various analysis did show significant improvements over past studies.

In modern days, word files are used to carry out information storage and other multiple operations. The word file allows the users to write valuable text and information in plain text format. When such documents unknowingly falls in the wrong hands. Stealing of that valuable data is obvious. To prevent such situation, this paper proposes a cryptographic technique which uses random key values to generate ciphertext in the docx file itself. Then it uses inverted hash table to translate this ciphertext numbers into hash values. A hash table is re-created at the receiver side. In the whole process a key = (a, b) along with the hash key = (h) is transmitted to the receiver for decryption. The key values are generated by Random Key Generator (RKG) which uses a table to generate random key values based on the initial seed values. During decryption same sequence of key values are generated. The hash table translates the hash values into ciphertext numbers and then returns back the original plain text. The strength of the cryptosystem has been analyzed on various criteria and parameters which gave very promising results.

Medical Image protection is one of the primary concerns of health care services. There has been a lot of research in this field in the past decade. But unfortunately, in India, the implementation is very poor and unstructured. In this paper, a secured model for MRI image encryption and decryption using DNA Encoding and Logistic Chaotic Map is proposed. Initially a key is generated using logistic map function to generate a sequence K1,i this sequence is multiplied with a factor of 255, another sequence K2,i generated from Linear Feedback Right Shift Register (LFRSR) using an initial seed value, then both the sequences are XORed to form the key. After the key is generated the sequence is again XORed with the 8-bit image pixel of the MRI Image. The generated cipher is then converted into a DNA sequence using DNA Encoding. The generated text of DNA sequence is then passed to the network. This sequence is extremely secure and robust, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value measured between the original and encrypted sequence is very high.

Cryptography has gone through tremendous evolution in recent years. But the concept of enciphering text was started in 1900 BC. There have been many modifications to older cryptography as well as profound discoveries have been made in this field. Likewise, this paper proposes a cryptographic technique that uses the idea of the Diffie-Hellman key Exchange to share a common key. This key-value behaves as a seed value in the formation of key sequences. A methodology has been proposed to encrypt paired digits using dynamic programming. Based on the shared common key, a table is generated on both sides of the sender and receiver to have a common data set. This data set helps in encryption and decryption both. The dynamic table uses the Fibonacci series and recursive functions to fill the table. Decryption needs searching operation in the receiver’s table which would search for (x, y) pair. This (x, y) pair is concatenated to produce plain text.

Data Privacy is a prime concern in 21st century. To maintain secrecy of data, many cryptographic algorithms are available. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, esp. code and also figures frameworks, techniques, and so forth. Cryptography is required so content can be kept secret. Here in our proposed work we have shown a simple point reflection based cryptographic technique for security of data. The user encoded the data using point reflection technique and the receiver can decode the data by applying the process in reverse direction. The encrypted message generated using the mechanism proposed here is quite sturdy and it becomes more difficult for a person to retrieve or predict the original message from the encrypted message. We used PRNG technique by which we can get the random number and also use the LFSR technique for robustness of this technique. Experimental result shows that our method gives a high security and the accuracy during the encoding and decoding process. We narrated the algorithms and explicit formulas to demonstrate that our reflection process support high practical security in cryptographic applications.

In this paper, a new steganography method for spatial domain has been proposed, which includes a new mapping technique for the secret messages. The algorithm coverts any kinds of message to text using bit manipulation tables, applies hill cipher techniques to it and finally hides the message into red, green and blue images of a selected image. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is a combination of encryption of the message first then hiding the message into the cover image which provides double security. The result of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and discussed using MSE, PSNR, SC, AD, MD and NAE. The histogram of the cover and stegano image is also shown.

The age-old LSB steganography is one of the easiest and most commonly used data-hiding techniques. Although higher payload delivery can be achieved, it has poor acceptance due to the perceivable impact it leaves on the cover media. Our proposed algorithm strengthens the LSB encoding by not only minimizing the perceivable distortion but also making original message reconstruction by an attacker highly impossible, due to vast key-space. The bit replacement process is guided by a selected indicator color channel, and the embedding sequence is controlled by an indicator pattern table value indexed by the secret message bits. For efficient extraction at the receiver end, the indicator and other metadata are hidden inside the same cover in the form of a header. Encryption of data and header by RC4 cipher adds another layer of security.

Cryptography is a science of encoding a secret message in a manner so that any other person other than the receiver and the sender cannot be able to decode it, whereas the steganography is the science of concealing the information in any other cover media so that an attacker cannot recognize the presence of the secret message inside the cover media. This paper proposes a method using combined technologies of cryptography and steganography by following the concept of genetic engineering based on the DNA. This approach will enhance the message security, which is the main concern in today’s world for message transmission. In this proposed algorithm, a long and strong 256-bit key is used for encryption with a strong new method of encryption, generation of DNA sequence, and a new method to conceal the encrypted DNA sequence to a cover image, which provides better security in the message against the intruders attack.

Secure data communication is the most important and essential issue in the area of message transmission over the networks. Cryptography provides the way of making secure message for confidential message transfer. Cryptography is the process of transforming the sender's message to a secret format called cipher text that only intended receiver will get understand the meaning of the secret message. There are various cryptographic or DNA based encoding algorithms have been proposed in order to make secret message for communication. But all these proposed DNA based encryption algorithms are not secure enough to provide better security as compared with the today's security requirement. In this paper, we have proposed a technique of encryption that will enhance the message security. In this proposed algorithm, a new method of DNA based encryption with a strong key of 256 bit is used. Along with this big size key various other encoding tools are used as key in the encoding process of the message like random series of DNA bases, modified DNA bases coding. Moreover a new method of round key selection is also given in this paper to provide better security in the message. The cipher text contains the extra bit of information as similar with the DNA strands that will provide better and enhanced security against intruder's attack.

Data security is one of the most significant concerned areas of communications and data transmission. The concept of making secure data is to transform a plain message that is understandable by everyone into a human unreadable format or difficult to make out by encoding message using some cryptographic algorithms. Now a day, security is one of the most significant and fundamental issues of data transmission, researchers are working on the evolvement of new cryptographic algorithms. Cryptography is the process of providing security in data while transmitting over public networks by encrypting the original data or message. Data security is concerned with the areas of communication and data transmission. An efficient direction of achieving data security can be termed as DNA based Cryptography. The encryption and decryption process proposed in this paper will use the DNA sequencing string of the DNA strands. We have proposed here how the DNA sequencing can be utilized in cryptographic algorithms and how the message can be made more secure and reliable for transmitting effectively through networks. The algorithm we have proposed here is a new algorithm which has three keys for encrypting the message along with a new method of key generation and key sharing for better security aspects. The cipher text generated by the algorithm is looks similar with the bio-logical structure of the DNA strands. Unnecessary bits are padded with the cipher text in order to make it more complex to the intruders. The encryption algorithm is designed here by using the property of DNA sequencing.