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Human settlements are an outcome of people occupying land. In the 1940s and 1950s, a pivotal era unfolded in the demographic landscape of Kazakhstani lands. This period was shaped by the policies of the Soviet government, particularly during the Second World War, which saw the mass deportation of various Soviet people, along with those captured during the war, to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Consequently, this period witnessed the establishment of numerous settlements and villages across Kazakhstan, along with an unprecedented demographic transformation within its rural population. This article delves into the demographic history of Kazakhstan's rural population from 1945 to 1955 and transformation of its landscape. The study employs a multifaceted approach, intertwining analyses of demography, social life, and migration processes prevalent during this period. Employing contemporary historical scholarship, the research investigates the nuanced interplay of various factors that shaped the demographic landscape of rural Kazakhstan during this time. It reveals a tapestry of intersecting influences that reshaped the social fabric of the region and the settlements. Through an analysis of demographic trends and migration patterns, it elucidates the profound impact of historical events and government policies on the rural people of Kazakhstan during the post-war era. By contextualizing demographic shifts within the broader socio-political frameworks, the research reveals the significance of rural population dynamics in deciphering the larger narrative of Kazakhstan's historical trajectory of human settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is empirical exploration of the dependence of the status of a 'stranger' on the local and social context. In that context s/he acts as a participant of migration process that represents dynamics of the locally relativised attributes of the environment / 'localisation'. The thesis statement concerns the interference of constitutive ecological, organizational, cultural and symbolic dimensions into the social space. Thus the paper verifies validity of the subsequent hypotheses that 'environment' (coexistent attributes, fields, characteristics) that constitute the configuration of the 'homological structures' as defined by Pierre Bourdieu and specific for particular local communities influences perception and attitude towards a stranger. The operationalisation of such complex constructs, along with the contextualisation of the migration phenomenon involving the stranger-environment relationship, leads to the adoption of an interdisciplinary research perspective that in addition to sociology includes geographic economy, demography and spatial statistics. The analysis of the aforementioned dependencies requires a multi-source database from various surveys and administrative data (the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland). The results of the analyses confirm that the main determinant of the attitude towards a stranger (as a migrant) and their status in the changing environment is the local social space (interpreted in a homologous way). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is a demographic process that continually accompanies human development. Migration is a social phenomenon in a globalizing world with a real impact on the lives of people, communities, countries and around the world. Migration is the need of the individual to meet the material needs - standard of living, upgrading of education, qualification, etc. The efforts of EU Member States should be aimed at pursuing a policy that is balanced, ie to look for the socioeconomic benefits of immigration. An important motive for the return of a large number of migrants to our country may be economic growth and improving living standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to highlight the relation between precarization of work and migration, based on the understanding that migrant workers take part assisting in the economic and social development of the countries. Method: The methodology used was a systematic review of the international literature on precarious work and migration in the period from 2008 to 2018. Main results: People migrate between countries for economic, social or political factors. Common of these three reasons is the desire to have a better life conditions. Even in some cases these migrants get access to benefits, they probably will suffer some kind of precariousness - whether in unhealthy services, without legal protection or living in unsuitable housing. This is the ambivalent nature of the precarious work - and its consequences. Relevance/originality: It is observed that large part of the research on migration in the least developed countries began with propositions borrowed from researchers who codified the experience of developed countries. It is necessary in our field to present a systematic examination of how precarization and migration are addressed in the organizational studies. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: As a contribution to the field, in this paper it is proposed a theoretical model that involves the two phenomena and, provides the reader with standardized and systematic scientific information that may assist in the development of the field by mapping existing knowledge on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses driving forces that influence Russian migrant physicians in Finland to stay permanently or return to Russia in post-migration. Despite many studies on Russian migration to Finland, little is known on the topic of highly skilled migration and especially the migration process of healthcare doctors. I argue that a blend of factors incites Russian physicians to stay, and these factors affect both present and future migration prospects. Using a qualitative life-course perspective and grounded on interactive migration theories, this study provides new empirical evidence of why Russian physicians decide to stay permanently in Finland. This study adds new knowledge on an under-researched immigrant group and in a less theorized research area in Finnish scholarship. Different social markers form contingent relationships with multiple objectives and implications in the personal and professional life-course of these migrant professionals, and the strategies they employ are analyzed within the context of a Nordic welfare country that is increasingly adapting policies to attract foreign-born health professionals. The study uses semi-structured interviews to provide empirical findings and evidence. The results inform us about important interactive multi-level factors that meet these migrants' negotiated aspirations and expectations to stay in Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon multi-sited ethnographic research I analyze the family-making practices among migrants from south-eastern Zhejiang migrating to Slovenia. The article highlights how traditions, norms and values regarding child-raising are negotiated at both ends of the migration process. The focus is on the practice of leaving children in the care of kin or non-kin caregivers in the migrants' place of origin and how this particular practice is embedded into the everyday experiences of Chinese migrants in Slovenia. I argue that these practices are not a simple, reciprocal exchange of aid (caregiving) and money (remittances) but have further social implications. They should rather be understood as a crucial mechanism of sustaining the migrants' transnational field through a continuous flow of money, information, objects and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the integration process on the labour market may spring, on the one hand, from the adjustments of the production factors market, produced by the free circulation of goods and, on the other hand from the workforce movement from one country to another. The mobility of workforce depends on differences in wages and in the occupancy /unemployment rate. The workforce mobility may be regarded as the best indicator for the functioning of an integrated workforce market. Theoretically, the more integrated the national workforce markets are, the greater will be the workforce influxes from regions with low GDP/ per capita and increased unemployment rate to regions with higher income and low unemployment rate. Romania has been a country exporting workforce for years, mainly for economic reasons. The international migration can be considered one the sources for the problems on the labour market, but can be also regarded as one of the solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When villages are marked by extensive out-migration and become transnationally extended, the dividing line between migrants and non-migrants becomes salient. But how deep do divisions run? In a cluster of Kurdish villages in central Turkey, notwithstanding continued social bonds, divisions between migrants and non-migrants are not least in existence when it comes to the cultural style of consumption practices, behaviour and manners. The mutual stereotyping of migrants and non-migrants seems to confirm that at least one version of the meaning made locally of migration is that it has deepened the social divisions of the village. But non-migrant villagers also point out that migrants have degraded themselves morally in order to obtain their material well-being. This is contested by migrants who find that non-migrants, too, are morally degraded, since they have lost their initiative and become dependents. Thus the transnational village has become a space for contesting how social status is acquired—in material wealth or in moral comportment—indicating the social suffering that migration has brought to the local sending society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Title. Intimate male partner violence in the migration process: intersections ofgender, race and class. Aim. This paper is a report of a s tudy of Sri Lankan Tamil Canadian immigrants’ perspectives on factors that contribute to intimate male partner violence in the postmigration context. Background. Increasing evidence illustrates the extent and nature of intimate male partner violence and its links to a range of physical and mental health problems for women around the world. However, there has been little health sciences research on intimate male partner violence in the postmigration context in Canada. Methods. Data were collected for this qualitative descriptive study in 2004 and 2005, through individual interviews with community leaders ( n = 16), four focus groups with women and four with men from the general community ( n = 41), and individual interviews with women who had experienced intimate male partner violence ( n = 6). The research was informed by a postcolonial feminist perspective and an ecosystemic framework. Findings. Participants’ conceptualization of the production of intimate male partner violence in the postmigration context involved (a) experiences of violence in the premigration context and during border crossing; (b) gender inequity in the marital institution; (c) changes in social networks and supports; and (d) changes in socioeconomic status and privilege. Conclusion. Increasing immigration requires that nurses pay attention to and respond appropriately to women’s unique needs, based on complex and interrelated factors that produce intimate male partner violence in the postmigration context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines how identities among Finland-Swedish migrants change in the process of contemporary migration between Finland and Sweden. An approach of mixed methods is adopted in order to reveal both patterns of settling in Sweden or returning to Finland and mechanisms of the migrants' identity construction. Through migration, identifications are contested. The findings suggest that in Sweden the Finlandian national identity initially grows stronger, but weakens over time. Finland-Swedish identity is transformed into an important feature on the personal, instead of the ethnic group, level. For the returnees, the Finland-Swedish ethnic identity is often enhanced. The migrants' different levels of identity are found to be linked to various scales of space, underlining the regionally distinct characteristics of the Finland-Swedish identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review traces the development of an anthropology of borderlands. The ideas of early ethnography and applied anthropology about border regions are considered along with contemporary perspectives on reterritorialized communities and practices illustrated specifically by Mexican migration and transborder processes. The argument is made that the conceptual parameters of borderlands, borders, and their crossings, stemming from work done on the Mexican-US border, in particular, illustrate the contradiction, paradox, difference, and conflict of power and domination in contemporary global capitalism and the nation-state, especially as manifested in local-level practices. Furthermore, the borderlands genre is a basis upon which to redraw our conceptual frameworks of community and culture area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]