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Antecedentes: Los estilos de identidad buscan conocer cómo las personas se manejan diariamente en las situaciones buscando un compro-miso identitario. En este trabajo se propone conocer si los estilos de identidad varían según la edad y el sexo, y analizar la relación entre estos y la fuerza del compromiso con variables de bienestar y malestar psicológico. Método:278 participantes (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65) reclutados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve cumplimentaron los cuestionarios. Resultados: Las mujeres puntuaron más alto en fuerza del compromiso y ellos adoptaron más un estilo difuso-evitativo. El estilo informacional correlacionó positivamente con las variables de bienestar (optimismo y florecimiento); el estilo normativo con depresión y ansiedad y el estilo difuso-evitativo correlacionó positivamente con las variables de malestar (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) y negativamente con las de bienestar. Finalmente, a mayor fuerza del compromiso más bienestar y menos malestar. La fuerza del compromiso media parcial o totalmente la relación entre estilos identitarios y las variables de bienestar/malestar. Conclusiones: Se deduce la importancia de la fuerza del compromiso en el bienestar personal y la necesidad de favorecer el desarrollo de la identidad de nuestros jóvenes. Background: Identity styles seek to know how people handle themselves daily in situations looking for an identity commitment. This article aims to find out whether identity styles vary according to age and sex, and to analyze the relation between these identity styles and the strength of commitment with variables of well-being and psychological distress. In addition, it investigates whether commitment mediates between identity styles, well-being and psychological distress. Method:278 participants (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65), recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sam-pling, completed the questionnaires. Results:Women scored higher in strength of commitment and men adopted a more diffusive-avoidant style. Age did not relate to identity style. The informational style correlated positively with well-being variables (flourishing and optimism); the normative style with depression and anxiety and the diffuse-avoidant style correlated positively with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and negatively with well-being. Finally, the greater the strength of commitment found, the more flourishing and optimism and the less psychological distress there was. The strength of commitment partially or totally mediated the relationship between identity styles and the variables of well-being / psychological distress. Conclusions: The importance of the strength of commitment in personal well-being and the necessity to favour the develop-ment of young people ́s identity is observed / deduced.

Over the last three decades, older children have begun to remain in the family home for longer, and currently, most young people in Spain continue to live with their parents until well into their thirties. This means that two adult generations often live under the same roof, thus requiring a new type of family relationship. While there is some evidence regarding how family relationships influence emerging adults’ adjustment, since most of it comes from cross-sectional studies, no causal influences can be inferred. This paper has two aims. First, it seeks to examine, from a gender perspective, whether family relationships change or remain stable from the initial to the intermediate years of emerging adulthood. And second, it aims to analyze the relationship between parental behavior when emerging adults are in their early twenties and their depressive symptoms four years later. Participants were 400 emerging adults (258 women) aged between 18 and 29 (Women - Mean: 20.35; SD: 2.02 at W1 and Mean: 23.70; SD: 2.06 at W2; and Men - Mean: 20.23; SD: 2.08 at W1 and Mean: 23.57; SD: 2.14 at W2) participating in the Transition to Adulthood in Spain project. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables (gender and age), family relationship variables (family social support, parental involvement, parental warmth, parental support for autonomy and parental behavioral and psychological control) and emerging adults’ depressive symptoms. Our results revealed a high level of relative stability in the scores obtained by all participants (men and women) for all the variables studied. Regarding absolute stability, high continuity was observed in parental support for autonomy and parental involvement, although there was a decrease in emerging adults’ perceptions of family social support, parental warmth and control. Women perceived greater parental involvement and parental warmth than men, while men perceived a higher level of behavioral control. Family control at wave 1 correlated positively with depressive symptoms at wave 2; all other family variables correlated negatively. The results also revealed a moderating effect of parental involvement on the association between behavioral control at wave 1 and depressive symptoms at wave 2. Our findings provide evidence that, in 21st century Spain, differences still exist between men and women in the way they perceive family relationships, probably as a reflection of gender-based differences in their upbringing which continue to persist, even in this day and age. Moreover, among both men and women, parental involvement seems to be a protective factor for depressive symptoms among emerging adults’ from overbearing families. This study highlights the need for social policies aimed at fostering positive parenting during emerging adulthood. It also underscores the need for longitudinal studies as a means of shedding light on the changes which take place in the family context during this developmental stage, and how they influence emerging adults’ adjustment.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the perceived social support of the emerging adults’ environment and two variables related to the process of identity development: commitment making and identification with commitment from a gender perspective. Identity is a complex construct that has been widely studied and defined by Erikson and Marcia in the last century as one of the most important and necessary developmental achievements that let people reach adulthood. It has strong ties with psycho-social and cultural processes that are the cornerstone of the identity development. The adolescence has been considered the stage of psychosocial moratorium where teens can shape this search of identity (Erikson, 1968). Due to the socio-economic changes of our era, that stage has been extended into emerging adulthood. The process of defining who you are and what commitments are you assuming has been delayed to the third decade of life. Luyckx, Goosens, and Sonenens (2006) extended Erikson and Marcia`s classical identity-formation model into dual-cycle identity-formation model. The new model defines ego identity formation as a continuous process that includes making a commitment and identifying with it. Due to the psycho-social and cultural nature of this processes, two variables which influence identity formation are social support and gender; both of them determine the way young people approach this path of making “choices” and identify/integrate them as a part of who they are. A sample of 1,502 undergraduate students (903 women and 599 men) from the Transition to Adulthood in Spain’s project (Mean age = 20.32, SD = 2.13) was interviewed in two Spanish universities (U. Sevilla y UPV/EHU). Participants fulfilled the subscales of family, friends and romantic relationships of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) and subscales commitment making and identification with commitment from the Luyckx et al (2008) Identity Developmental Scale. The result shows that social support positively correlates with the mentioned dimensions of identity. Moreover, correlations of the three types of perceived social support (family, friends or partner support) differs according to gender. Regression analysis shows that romantic and family social support predicted male commitment making. Romantic, family and peer social support predicted male identification with commitment. For females, only romantic social support predicted commitment making and family and romantic social support, identification with commitment. The results are discussed in terms of gender differences that still remain in our society and the role of close relationships to the emerging adults’ identity formation.

One of the main developmental tasks of Emerging Adulthoodis to look for a stable romantic relationships. The search for a romantic partner isaffected by social and personal valuesand characteristics, such as sexism or attachmentinternalworkingmodels.Ambivalent sexism includeshostile and benevolent sexism (Glick & Fiske, 2001). The first is based on prejudiced attitudes or discriminatory behaviors based on the supposed inferiority or difference of women as a group, and the second is a seemingly positive orientation of protection, idealization, and affection towards women, which also serves to justify their subordinate status regarding men. Levels of ambivalent sexism influence the ideals that young people have about how heterosexual relationships should be(Hammond& Overall, 2017; Lee, Fiske, Glick, & Chen, 2010, Travaglia, Overal., & Sibley, 2009).Moreover,interpersonal expectations are influenced by cognitive and effective modelsreflected in attachmentstyles. Therefore, beliefs about howwomen are(trustworthy, adversaryes or weak people) influence the way young people interact with their partners. Thus, anxiety and avoidance in romantic attachment havebeen related tohostil and benevolent sexism (Hart, Hung, Glick, & Dinero, 2012; Yakushko, 2005). The aim of this poster was to identify different groups of emerging adults based on their levels of ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent) and the dimensions of romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance). To achieve this objective a cluster analysis was carried out on a sample composed by 1008 emerging adults: 755 undergraduate students(416 girls)and 253 emerging adults no undergraduate (119 girls). Preliminary analysis indicated thatthere are no significant differences between university students and non-university students in the levels of hostile and benevolent sexism, nor in the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance in romantic attachment. On the other hand,boys scoreshigher in the two dimensions of sexism and in avoidance romantic attachment than girls. There were no differences in anxiety romantic attachmentbetween boys and girls. The results showed asolution of three clusters: a group with scores above average in sexism (hostile and ambivalent) and anxiety romantic attachment and below in avoidance; asecond group with average scores in sexism, above average in avoidance and low scoresin anxiety; and a third group with low-average scores on sexism and anxiety and avoidance romantic attachment. These results are discussed from a gender perspective. We also discuss the impact that sexism has on our society, particularly in emerging adults. Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad EDU2013-45687-R Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-097405-B-I00

Flourishing is defined as a combination of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The objective of this work was to analyze with a longitudinal design and from a gender perspective, which variables are related to flourishing in a sample of emerging adults. The sample was comprised of 400 emerging adults (67% women) who were interviewed at two different points in time: when they were 20.3 years old on average (DT=2.04), and three years later, at the average age of 23.7 (DT= 2,08). The variables studied were: perceived family income; resolution of core developmental tasks (having a job and living independently); The Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood; educational variables (academic commitment and perceived University performance) and social support (from friends, family, and partner). Results showed the differences in the variables which predict flourishing in males and females. Flourishing in males in Wave 2 is related to two W1 variables: the perception of emerging adulthood as an experimentation stage and the priority which youngsters give to their studies. For females, flourishing in W2 is related to two W1 variables: the consideration of this stage as a self-focused stage, and family support. These results vouch for the importance of analyzing gender differences throughout emerging adulthood. Results also highlight the role that educational context and social support provide to well-being during emerging adulthood. More research is needed from a gender perspective to explains the variables related to well-being throughout emerging adulthood, to generate evidence-based intervention programs that facilitate the transition into adult life.

Emerging adulthood is characterized by changes in close relationships, education, and work. Regarding parent-child relationships, research shows the importance of positive family relationships during emerging adulthood and the role they play in preventing emerging adults’ psychological distress. However, there is a lack of studies focuses on family context using longitudinal analysis. This study examined the stability in emerging adults’ perceptions of parenting behaviors and whether these relationships were associated with emerging adults’ anxiety. A longitudinal study was carried out in Spain: wave 1 (Mean: 20.31; SD: 2.04), wave 2 (Mean: 23.66; SD: 2.08). A total of 400 emerging adults from the Transition to Adulthood in Spain research project completed a survey assessing their perceptions of the quality of their family relationships (parental social support, parental involvement, parental warmth, parental autonomy support and behavioral and psychological control) and their level of anxiety. Results showed that family social support, parental warmth, psychological and behavioral control decrease meanwhile parental involvement and parental autonomy support don’t change over time. Both psychological and behavioral control in W1 were positively associated with emerging adults’ anxiety in W2. The relationship between the rest of parenting behaviors in W1 and emerging adults' anxiety in W2 was negative. These findings suggest the need of developing intervention programs that help parents to adapt their parental behaviors to their children’s needs during this stage. Moreover, this work suggests that longitudinal studies on family functioning are needed to gain a more complete understanding of the impact of the quality of family relationships on emerging adults’ distress.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

The transition to adulthood in Mediterranean countries would be defined as the «Mediterranean model» characterized by a prolonged stay in the family home and giving great relevance to family. The aim of the paper is to analyze the link between family relationship patterns, psychological well-being and psychological distress of emerging adults. The present study involves 1,502 university students (903 women and 599 men) aged between 18 and 29 (Mean: 20.32; SD: 2.13) participating in the Transition to Adulthood in Spain research project (TAE). Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, Perception of Parents Scale, Psychological control, Behavioural Control, Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DAS-21). To identify and describe family relationships patterns during emerging adulthood we conducted a cluster analysis. The cluster analytic procedure identified three clusters based on the centrality of five family variables within the family system. The high quality family relationships is the largest group. Moreover, emerging adults who felt more implication, warmth and autonomy support from their parents and felt less control, both psychological and behavioural, were who reported more psychological well-being and less psychological distress. These results highlight how relevant and beneficial is for emerging adults’ emotional well-being the fact that parents promote their autonomy, emotional closeness and close relationship with them. Moreover, it is relevant to continue developing these findings in order to find what the best way to guide the daughters and sons’ behaviour is in this period.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relación entre Florecimiento y variables sociodemográficas y de apoyo social en una muestra de adultos emergentes españoles. Florecimiento es una conceptualización reciente de bienestar subjetivo, psicológico y social. La persona que florece tiene un alto estado de bienestar, se siente bien y funciona con eficacia. Por su parte, la adultez emergente (AE) es la conceptualización propia de sociedades industrializadas del período que transcurre desde el final de la adolescencia hasta bien entrada la tercera década de la vida. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1502 adultos emergentes (62.5% chicas) de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 29 años. Todos completaron un cuestionario autoadministrado que incluía medidas sociodemográficas, la escala de Florecimiento y un cuestionario de apoyo social de los progenitores, los amigos y la pareja. Los resultados mostraron que el florecimiento es mayor en las mujeres, en los AE que están trabajando y en los que el nivel de ingresos de sus familias es más alto. Igualmente, podemos afirmar que el florecimiento de los jóvenes adultos se relaciona positivamente con el apoyo social de la familia, los amigos y la pareja. Finalmente, la ecuación de regresión puso de manifiesto que una vez incluido el apoyo social, la influencia del sexo, el empleo y el nivel de ingresos familiar en el florecimiento desaparece. Así podemos concluir que el florecimiento de los jóvenes españoles está muy relacionado con su red social, en concreto, con sus relaciones familiares, de amistad y de pareja, lo que orienta la intervención práctica en ese sentido. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España EDU 2013-45687-R

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España EDU 2013-45687-R

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la calidad de las relaciones familiares y su influencia sobre el ajuste de los jóvenes durante la adultez emergente. Se prestó especial atención a las diferencias de sexo y al hecho de vivir dentro o fuera del hogar familiar. En el estudio participaron un total de 1502 adultos emergentes de 18 a 29 años (M= 20,32; DT= 2,13) que cursaban estudios universitarios. Los principales resultados mostraron que chicos y chicas perciben como positivas las relaciones familiares. Sin embargo, ellas perciben mejores relaciones familiares que ellos. Sólo las chicas mejoran las relaciones familiares cuando viven fuera del hogar familiar. Las buenas relaciones familiares se relacionan significativamente con el bienestar de los jóvenes. Estos resultados apoyan la idea de que la calidad de las relaciones con padres y madres sigue siendo, al igual que durante la infancia y la adolescencia, un elemento esencial en el ajuste psicológico de los jóvenes durante su tercera década de vida. The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of family relationships and their influence on the adjustment of young people during emerging adulthood. Special attention was paid to sex differences and living inside or outside the family home. Our sample consisted of 1502 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 29 years (M= 20.32, SD= 2.13). Results showed that boys and girls perceive positive family relationships. However, girls perceive better family relationships than boys. Furthermore, girls perceive differences in family relationships depending on whether they live inside or outside the family home. Positive family relationships are significantly related to the high level of young people’s well-being. These results support the idea that, in addition to childhood and adolescence, the quality of the relationships with parents remains an essential element for psychological adjustment of young people during their thirties. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España EDU2013-45687-R

This research studied the development of self-esteem through adolescence and emerging adulthood. It also analyzed sex differences and the role of family and peers in developmental trends in self-esteem. Data comes from a longitudinal study in which we administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to 90 Spanish boys and girls at ages 13, 15, 17 and 21 years old. Results showed a linear increase in self-esteem, higher for boys than for girls, during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Initial variability was related to care received from the mother during childhood, whereas the increase in self-esteem throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood was related to peer attachment. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte BSO2002-03022 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SEJ2006-06433

Substance use during adolescence and emerging adulthood is a risk factor for subsequent substance abuse, and it may be related to emotional and behavioral problems. Research shows the importance of family relationships in preventing substance use. However, much of the research in this field comes from large cross-sectional and epidemiological studies, and there is a lack of longitudinal studies that analyze both the intra-individual change and the protection factors associated to it. Using HLM analysis, the present longitudinal study found a linear increase of substance use throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood. We found no differences in early adolescence between sexes, but boys increased substance use more than girls throughout adolescence. Moreover, adolescents who remembered caring mothers during childhood reported less substance use during early adolescence, and those with more cohesive families showed less increase in substance use during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Finally, we discuss the importance of family care and family cohesion on preventing substance use during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España) SEJ2006-06433 Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España) BSO2002-03022

Western post-industrial society has experienced a lot of economic, social and cultural changes in the last decades. These have affected most families’ daily life. The transition to adulthood has been prolonged and young people are delaying moving out from their parents’ homes until well over the age of twenty. This fact requires a readjustment in the family relationship system. However, limited research focusses on family relationships during emerging adulthood. Most of them have been carried out in the United States. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies in Spain about family relationships during emerging adulthood from a psychological point of view. This paper has two aims. First, to analyse the quality of the relationship between emerging adults and their parents. Second, to assess the link between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. The present study involves 1502 university students (903 women and 599 men) aged between 18 and 29 (Mean: 20.32; SD: 2.13) participating in the Transition to Adulthood in Spain (TAE) research project. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables (gender and age), family subscale of the Spanish adaptation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (Landeta & Calvete, 2002), The Perception of Parents Scale (POPS) (Compilation from Grolnick, Deci & Ryan, 1997; Grolnick, Ryan & Deci, 1991; Robbinson, 1994), Spanish adaptation of the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) (Diaz et al., 2006) and the Spanish adaptation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Bados, Solanas & Andres, 2005). Our results are twofold: Firstly, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in general terms. Moreover, young women noticed better family relationships than young men. Secondly, in emerging adults, both males and females, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of general psychological well-being and a lower level of general psychological distress. Our data show that emerging adults perceive a high level of parent social support, involvement, autonomy support and warmth. For that reason, the family seems to be a relevant source of support during emerging adulthood. Furthermore, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both females and males. Thereby, it can be mentioned that the quality of family relationships is an essential factor for the positive development of young people. In brief, our study has two relevant implications. On one hand, our work underlines the need of social policies in order to promote positive parent-child relationships not just during infancy or adolescence, but also during emerging adulthood. On the other hand, encouraging equal parental practices for females and males is necessary also during emerging adulthood. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España EDU 2013-45687-R

Archivo descargado de web de Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija http://personal.us.es/queija/index.php?page=actas-y-congreso In recent years, emotional autonomy from parents has been largely studied, with inconclusive results, to determine whether it is truly part of a developmental stage during adolescence and emerging adulthood, or if it is an indicator of difficult family relationships. There are also nonconclusive results regarding the relationship between emotional autonomy from parents and personal well-being. The situation in Spain about young people would be represented by the Mediterranean model. Spanish young people remain in the parental home for extended periods and tend to make direct transitions from living at home to marriage and parenthood. So we consider especially interesting studying emotional autonomy from parents in a Mediterranean country such as Spain. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España EDU2013-45687-R

Archivo descargado de web de Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija http://personal.us.es/queija/index.php?page=actas-y-congresos Psychosocial flourishing is a recent conceptualization of social and psychological well being. Flourishing is a combination of feeling good and working effectively. The person who “flourishes” notices that her/his life is going well, works productively, contribute to the community, is healthier, has a longer life expectancy, and has better social relationships. Social relationships, and particularly perceived friends and family support, as well as romantic relationships, play an important role as predictor of positive development in emerging adulthood. In this way, these social relationships contribute to wellbeing and flourishing in this stage of development. Emerging Adulthood is a period of instability and exploration in which young people will probably have more distanced relationships with their parents than in previous years, and couples will burst into important figures for development. For this reason, it´s necessary to study the influence of family, peer and romantic relationships over the young people positive development. The main goal of this paper is to know if social relationships among emerging adults, in particular, the perceived social support from parents and friends and the quality of romantic relationship, have an effect on the psychological flourishing of a sample of Spanish emerging adults. Method The sample was composed by 278 young adults (197 female), aged range 18 to 29 years. They completed a self-administered questionnaire which included flourishing (Flourishing scale; Diener et al., 2010), family and peer support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Zimet et al., 1988) and romantic relationship (Experience of Close Relationship; ECRR, short; Wei et al., 2007). Results Results showed that flourishing of young adults is positively related to the perceived social support of family and friends, and negatively related to the anxiety in romantic relationships. Flourishing was related to sex: women reached higher levels of flourishing than men. Nevertheless, the regression equations revealed that, once included family support, anxiety in romantic relationships and friends support, sex ceased being influential. Thus we may conclude that during emerging adulthood flourishing is closely linked to the social network, in particular, to the family, romantic and friends relationships, in that order. Discussion These first results point out the significance of social relationships for flourishing in emerging adulthood. It is especially important the family role. Family influence remains essential for these years, contributing to flourishing more than peer support and romantic relationships. However, more research with larger samples is necessary to explain the factors determining flourishing during the emerging adulthood in diverse cultural contexts. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España EDU2013-45687-R