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This study examined the level of disaster preparedness among Local Government Unit (LGU) employees in Borongan, Samar, Philippines. The research explored the demographic profile of the respondents, their disaster preparedness knowledge, readiness, adaptation, awareness, and risk perception, and the relationships between these factors and employee characteristics. A survey of 150 LGU employees revealed a predominantly young workforce, with the majority aged 25-29 years old. The majority of respondents were female, married, and had not attended disasterrelated seminars. While respondents generally agreed that disasters cannot be prevented, they exhibited varying levels of preparedness across different domains. They strongly agreed on the importance of sharing knowledge and experiences, community activities for disaster risk reduction, and building relationships with neighbors. However, they expressed less confidence in their awareness of evacuation systems and plans, and their ability to predict when a disaster will occur. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between age, sex, and attendance at disasterrelated seminars, and the level of disaster preparedness. Specifically, younger employees, females, and those who had attended disaster seminars demonstrated higher levels of preparedness. Based on the findings, the study proposes a comprehensive disaster preparedness plan for Borongan City. This plan emphasizes risk assessment and planning, public awareness and education, infrastructure and building resilience, emergency response and coordination, community engagement, and continuous evaluation and improvement. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to enhance disaster preparedness among LGU employees, considering their demographic characteristics and specific needs. It highlights the need for ongoing training and education, fostering a culture of community engagement, and prioritizing risk reduction measures to build a more resilient community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to align the objectives of key stakeholders by developing an integrated framework for high-impact natural disaster risk management. High-impact natural disasters have emerged as one of the most challenging policy issues. Design/methodology/approach: The authors have applied the thematic text analysis for analysing the list of questions essential to develop an integrated framework. For theory, the authors have used the theoretical framework of collaborative governance. Findings: The current work explains how to identify key stakeholders. Furthermore, it describes the framework to fit stakeholders' actions into the actionable components of risk management. Additionally, this framework also helps the firms that fall under the category of the industries "in the proximity of risks" and "the support industries" in modifying their role in the context of natural disaster risk. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this framework is that the authors relied on commonly occurring natural disaster risks to develop the framework. Therefore, risk-specific aspects are less likely to be thoroughly covered in this framework. However, this limitation is not directly impacting the goal of this study. Additionally, in the future more comprehensive framework with the additional element in the existing framework can overcome these limitations. Practical implications: The findings of the study offer insights that can be useful for policymakers in developing various preventive strategies. Managers can use the results and align their objectives with policy goals. Social implications: Socially, if communities try to design local risk management strategies, this framework would be helpful. Originality/value: This study illustrates the role of objective alignment in high-impact risk management. This study is crucial in extending current knowledge on high-impact natural disaster risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aotearoa New Zealand's vulnerable low-lying coastal communities face imminent threat from coastal hazards and the consequences of climate change. There is an urgent need to understand how community resilience, adopted in international and national policy, can enhance societal resilience across the emergency management cycle of risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery. This report presents findings from a study of a coastal community in southern New Zealand that is exposed to a range of climate-related hazards. This paper brings together academic perspectives on community resilience theory and presents an adapted framework that considers the contextual factors (social, political, environmental, economic and physical domains) that are recognised as complex and interacting drivers of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In 2011, a disaster devastated the Tohoku region in Japan and left more than 15,000 victims. However, there could have been more. School buildings became a center of response and evacuation during the emergency, playing a central role in each disaster phase. How did the schools manage the situation in small Japanese communities and what lessons can be drawn? Disaster prevention education and training, rapid evacuation, survival in shelters and transmission of experiences to future generations are the key to disaster management in Japan. In the Tohoku area, these lessons are also connected with the history and memory of previous tsunamis. Design/methodology/approach: From a local approach and socio-historical methodology, research is based on ethnographic fieldwork in disaster-affected communities, archival data collection and oral testimonies. Between November 2020 and March 2023, in-depth interviews were conducted with tsunami survivors, children and community leaders involved in disaster response during the months and years following the tsunami. The analysis focuses on disaster response in schools, survival and building capacities of youth during reconstruction through six case studies. Findings: This research determines the importance of local history in tsunami management in Tohoku. It offers practical examples from each disaster phase for individuals and communities to face disasters and foster resilience. It reveals, on the other hand, how during the reconstruction process, a young generation embraced memory to reinforce disaster prevention for the future of the region. Originality/value: Highlighting the importance of including children and youth in disaster response, reconstruction and memory through applicable cases, this study provides a guide of school experiences in Japan that can become global lessons for disaster risk reduction (DRR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England, the Environment Agency (EA) estimates that over 3 million properties in England are at risk of surface water flooding. Heavy and prolonged rainfall that drives surface water flooding is projected to increase in the future due to climate change. This paper presents a quantitative secondary analysis of a cross-sectional household flood survey in a disadvantaged city in England heavily impacted by surface water flooding in 2007 and at severe risk of flooding in the future. The aim of this study was to examine how previous experience of flooding, demographic factors, and behaviours impact on feelings of protection against flooding and perceived ability to recover from flooding. Survey data were collected from residents in Hull in northern England in 2018, in areas impacted by major floods in 2007 when over 8,600 households were flooded. Valid responses were received from 453 households, of whom 37.3% were flooded or flooding damaged their house (n = 169), 14.6% had been disrupted by flooding (n = 66), 9.3% had been exposed to flooding (n = 42) and 176 (38.9%) had not experienced flooding. Over 22% felt they had very low protection against flooding, and over 25% would make a very slow recovery if they were flooded. Associations were found between gender and both low levels of protection against flooding. Females were less likely to feel confident in their recovery from flooding than males (OR 0.551). The findings support a need to focus on women's perceptions of flood vulnerability and capacity to cope and recover from flooding in flood and disaster management policy and practice, including providing effective support before, during and after flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a notable shift in gender and disaster research towards addressing gender and sexual minorities, with a growing body of literature arguing for the need to go 'beyond the binary'. While critiquing the traditional gender dichotomy remains essential, discarding fundamental concepts such as the binary way in which gender is constructed at the societal level, may undermine efforts to address those marginalised by it. The violence and sexual assaults women are often subjected to in the immediate aftermath of disaster, highlights the critical need to expose the entrenched power dynamics that perpetuate inequality and oppression based on gender. The emerging tension between structural and more individualised, agentic perspectives underscores the need for a comprehensive approach that emphasises the structural as well as the personal dimensions of gender and sexuality in the context of disasters. By recognising and addressing these complexities, gender and disaster research can contribute to an inclusive and equitable disaster management and response framework. This paper provides an overview of gender and disaster research conducted over 10 years and presents findings about the experiences of women, men and people with diverse gender and sexual identities in disaster contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine mothers' disaster risk reduction management behaviors in the adopted communities of City College of Calamba, a local college in Laguna Province, Philippines, in responding to a natural disaster. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, the study surveyed 202 respondents from selected communities to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding DRRM. Results revealed that the respondents needed more understanding of disasters, emphasizing improved education and preparedness initiatives. However, they demonstrate a favorable attitude towards risk and reduction management. The study highlighted the significant impact of disasters on households and emphasized the urgency for robust risk mitigation strategies. The findings underlined the importance of disseminating knowledge about disaster preparedness, especially concerning floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a disaster, the population undertakes a series of actions aimed at saving and rescuing other people who may be in danger, as well as the gathering of goods considered indispensable to ensure their safety. Numerous studies have indicated that gender is one of the factors that conditions the lived experience of a disaster and, therefore, the actions that people undertake during the emergency. However, previous studies addressing the issue of gender in this respect have focused on how people are evacuated from the danger area, rather than on the rescue of goods. With the aim of contributing to filling this gap, the current article studies the patterns of the reproduction of/alteration in gender roles in the rescue of material goods following the earthquake in Lorca (Spain) in 2011 through the analysis of raw data collected from four focus groups comprising people who survived this catastrophic event. The results demonstrate that during the rescue actions in the disaster the men and women studied behaved to a great extent in line with traditional gender roles, although there were certain actions undertaken that involved a degree of alteration to these roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The application of the Risk-Informed Asset-Centric (RIACT) decision-making process in this study provides a pivotal advancement in urban resilience strategies, particularly for earthquake-prone areas like Portuguese municipalities. This study offers a practical framework for city planners, policymakers, and disaster management authorities to assess and enhance urban earthquake resilience comprehensively. Its potential application extends to improving critical infrastructure resilience across various urban settings, enabling the development of tailored mitigation and adaptation strategies. Moreover, the RIACT process aids in effective resource allocation and the creation of community-based resilience programs, integrating both physical and social aspects of urban resilience. This approach not only contributes to academic understanding but also has significant real-world implications, offering a pathway to creating safer, more resilient urban environments, especially in regions susceptible to seismic activities. This study introduces the Risk-Informed Asset-Centric (RIACT) process, a novel approach aimed at enhancing the safety and resilience of urban infrastructures against natural and man-made disasters. The RIACT method stands out for its comprehensive analysis of potential disruptions to urban areas, encompassing their susceptibility to disasters, vulnerability factors, and recovery capabilities. This study's primary focus is on Portugal's 308 municipalities, assessing their preparedness and ability to recover from earthquake events. Methodologically, the study involved employing geographic information system (GIS) mapping to evaluate earthquake risks, combining data on regional risk areas, demographic and economic profiles, and resilience capacities. This approach provides a detailed understanding of each municipality's strengths and areas in need of improvement, encouraging a collaborative framework for sharing and implementing best practices. The results reveal significant variations in earthquake resilience across different regions, highlighting the need for tailored resilience strategies. Conclusively, the RIACT method not only enhances the resilience of individual municipalities but also contributes to a broader national strategy for urban resilience, offering valuable insights for effective disaster risk management and recovery planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of disasters on the health and wellbeing of children is well documented, with children identified as bellwethers of community recovery. It has also been demonstrated that building community-wide resilience benefits from being approached through a child-centric model of community participation. While much of this work has been focused on the USA, there is a need to develop models to adapt these approaches in international environments. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly at risk for disaster events. SIDS tend to have less diverse economies and a high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors that are vulnerable to disasters. The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University along with Save the Children created The Resilient Children, Resilient Communities Initiative to build child-focused resilience within communities. The Initiative, which has already been applied to sites in the USA, is being adapted for the context of Dominica. The Initiative focuses on child-serving institutions and uses a Community Preparedness Index to quantify the current inventory of policies and practices related to children. The Initiative aims to implement strategies to improve the ability of the community to meet the needs of children in a disaster. This paper explores the application of these concepts surrounding the Initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of the public to remain psychologically resilient in the face of public health emergencies and disasters (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) is a key factor in the effectiveness of a national response to such events. Community resilience and social capital are often perceived as beneficial and ensuring that a community is socially and psychologically resilient may aid emergency response and recovery. This review presents a synthesis of literature which answers the following research questions: How are community resilience and social capital quantified in research?; What is the impact of community resilience on mental wellbeing?; What is the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, disasters and emergencies on community resilience and social capital?; and, What types of interventions enhance community resilience and social capital? A scoping review procedure was followed. Searches were run across Medline, PsycInfo, and EMBASE, with search terms covering both community resilience and social capital, public health emergencies, and mental health. 26 papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of retained papers originated in the USA, used a survey methodology to collect data, and involved a natural disaster. There was no common method for measuring community resilience or social capital. The association between community resilience and social capital with mental health was regarded as positive in most cases. However, we found that community resilience, and social capital, were initially negatively impacted by public health emergencies and enhanced by social group activities. Several key recommendations are proposed based on the outcomes from the review, which include: the need for a standardised and validated approach to measuring both community resilience and social capital; that there should be enhanced effort to improve preparedness to public health emergencies in communities by gauging current levels of community resilience and social capital; that community resilience and social capital should be bolstered if areas are at risk of disasters or public health emergencies; the need to ensure that suitable short-term support is provided to communities with high resilience in the immediate aftermath of a public health emergency or disaster; the importance of conducting robust evaluation of community resilience initiatives deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) resolutely endorses the development of people-centred early warning systems. Moreover, several scientific studies have deprecated the vast technology-driven technocratic approaches to implementing these systems, contending the prioritisation of communities and their contextualised needs for systems that ensure effective risk protection and resilience building. However, both the UNDRR and the scientific literature have failed to define appropriate means of implementation (MoI) for community-based early warning system (CBEWS) development. Floods are a major hazard annually impacting several communities in rural sub-Saharan Africa, and though several opportunities for participatory systems have been identified, investment in developing countries is often lagging, and no defined mechanism for developing these systems exists. Adopting a modified Integrated Emergency Management Framework, this study demonstrates that an impact-based CBEWS can be established by leveraging existing resources, institutions and stakeholders, essentially merging last-mile and first-mile approaches. The study further reveals that directly linking technical capacities with community-based efforts allows communities to define system development parameters, strengthen risk knowledge and response, and build resilience for improved physical, economic and environmental protection, essentially bridging the gap between first and last-mile approaches. The study also highlights the need for governments to appropriately streamline DRR to improve coordination and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aims to assess people's preparedness for a potential earthquake in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. We have employed a model with six dimensions of holistic individual preparedness. A self-reported online survey included 677 total participants. The multiple linear regression model and the Spearman rank correlation were used as needed. The majority of the participants (> 65%) did not have experience with any earthquake preparedness program, despite the fact that 92% of the population surveyed claimed to have experienced an earthquake in their region. More than 50% of those who experienced earthquakes acquired knowledge. 30% of people do not have access to immediate financial support in the event of a crisis. It was estimated that almost 50% of the population did not have earthquake insurance. Females lack the adaptability of males. A person's level of earthquake preparedness was significantly associated with their level of education, household head occupation and monthly income, type of residential unit, and experience of earthquake preparedness program. Therefore, these factors should be considered while figuring out how to better prepare for earthquakes. A combination of holistic earthquake preparedness programs and effective education is generally required for competent holistic earthquake preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides funding to state and local governments as well as tribes and territories (SLTTs) through its Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) grant program to engage in flood risk management efforts. Although all communities are susceptible to flooding, flooding does not impact communities equally. This article contributes to FEMA's goal of addressing equity concerns by examining whether the FMA program is distributed equitably in counties located in eight coastal states in the United States. Using secondary data from OpenFEMA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and parcel‐level flood risk data from First Street Foundation from 2016 to 2020, results indicate that socially vulnerable counties are less likely to receive FMA funding, and counties with greater average flood risk are more likely to receive FMA funding. The findings suggest that there is an opportunity for FEMA to improve the FMA program so that funding can be more equitably distributed, such as providing grant writing and application training and support to socially vulnerable communities, educating socially vulnerable communities about the benefits of the FMA program, and extending the application deadline for socially vulnerable communities impacted by flood events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing extreme weather and climate events have led to recurrent disasters that cause significant harm to human populations. The aim of this present study is to complement Costa Rica's National Meteorological Institute 2017 risk assessment methodology for extreme weather and climate events. This methodology uses different socio-spatial indicators related to vulnerability and hazards to extreme hydrometeorological events. However, in the methodology applied and presented in this document, an exposure component was added to the model to obtain a more detailed representation of climate-related risks. The presented methodology was implemented in the municipalities of Cartago and Turrialba, where the frequency and severity of weather events have been a major issue in the last few decades. The results showed in fact, there were considerable differences between both, whereby factoring in the exposure component it is possible to visualize more specific risk zones, which evidences the need to include exposure components in this type of model, as this may allow for more timely responses and disaster risk prevention according to the specific vulnerability conditions in these zones. The outcomes at the minimal geostatistical unit level can aid local decision makers in developing more effective disaster risk management and adaptation strategies to minimize the loss of life and property resulting from extreme weather and climate events in Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present initiative study has been planned to develop a conceptual model for watershed resilience for which rare documents have been reported yet, particularly in developing countries where such studies are necessary. In this vein, different ecological, social, economic, and infrastructural and cultural key domains were applied for the modeling processes of watershed resilience for the Shazand Watershed in Iran. To this end, watershed resilience was firstly conceptualized according to the prevailing conditions for three periods 1986–1998, 1999–2008, and 2009–2016. Accordingly, the watershed health index was used for the ecological dimension, and 13, 8, and 13 criteria were consequently considered for social, economic, and infrastructural and cultural dimensions, respectively. The whole data required for the last three dimensions were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among the stockholders of the Shazand Watershed. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to weighting and prioritize the criteria and dimensions. The overall resilience index was ultimately calculated by aggregating all four dimensions using a geometric mean. The effect of each dimension on resilience was also assessed by applying multivariable regression. According to the resilience map of the period 2009–2016, 40%, 9%, 34%, and 17% of the Shazand Watershed has been classified as very low and low resilience, moderate, high, and very high resilience. This study showed that the resilience of the Shazand Watershed has improved over time. The necessity of resilience modeling for practical and integrated management of watersheds was also confirmed during the present research. Recommendations for Resource Managers: Application of resilience zoning results in explaining management strategies.Monitoring the changes in resilience status in certain periods.Improving the level of stakeholders' awareness in dealing with disasters adaptive management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change induced frequent disasters pose severe threats to agro-based rural livelihoods. Perceptions of risks play a critical role in planning and averting disasters. Lack of analytical documentation concerning how vulnerable communities perceive climate risks is a barrier to addressing and averting disasters and maladaptation. Applying a mixed approach, this study examines the perception of households concerning climate change and analyses the impacts of climate change on livelihood in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest northeastern state of India, with severe climate related challenges. Conceptual livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) framework of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is adopted to analyse the climate change induced vulnerability on livelihood. A total 450 households from 18 villages located in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh were surveyed during October, 2021 for retrieving the ground complexities in the region. Decrease in yields, frequent landslides and floods, livestock losses and unpredictable weather condition were perceived by the sampled households. The LVI analysis indicated that households are vulnerable in Arzoo, Perum, Pekong and Amliang villages requiring priority for lessening livelihood vulnerability and increasing coping capacity of the communities. Correlation analysis indicated that climate variability, natural disaster, health, food and social components attributed to livelihood vulnerability in the study area. Alternate livelihood, enhancing preparedness to disasters, inclusion of women in workforce, sustainable livelihood practices and government assistance are some of the suggestions made to enhance the adaptation of local communities in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to reveal the extent to which a disaster situation contributed to fostering leadership in the population affected in terms of gender. Design/methodology/approach: For this article, four focus groups were conducted, all of them composed of people directly involved in the earthquake and tsunami in Chile on February 27, 2010, two of them made up of women and the other two of men. Findings: The research revealed that male leadership during the response and recovery processes is linked to traditional gender roles although the continuity of this differed between the two phases. With respect to women, they were found to be very active in the response phase in terms of managing emergency aid, a task linked to their reproductive and care roles. Women's leadership also appears in the recovery phase, where the collective dimension of their actions stands out, defying to some extent these roles and highlighting their capacity to adapt to the challenges of the disaster. Originality/value: Understanding the leadership that unfolds in the population affected by this disaster during the response and recovery phases has significant potential to inform and influence the development of risk reduction policies that are more effective, egalitarian and resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With global estimates showing an increasing trend in flooding and its adverse effects on communities and population health, resilience is presented as a concept with potential to help integrate disaster risk management, sustainable development, and climate change adaptation concerns. Resilience research and practice have conceptual and empirical challenges of how to understand, characterize and measure resilience, particularly at community level. Using a multidimensional framework, this paper takes a systems approach to understanding, characterizing, and measuring community flood resilience. Through cluster analysis, bivariate methods and multivariable‐adjusted binary logistic regression modeling, we developed a context and hazard specific construct of community flood resilience and investigated its predictor variables. The factors defining the community flood resilience construct captured the community needs to withstand disasters through purpose‐built infrastructure, early warning systems for preparedness and utilization of local human capacity for adaptation. These results strengthen the previous arguments for utilizing a comprehensive multidimensional framework for resilience analysis. Access to services for improved health and psychosocial well‐being was significantly associated with the three‐item measure of being more flood resilient. Additionally, a strong sense of place and resistance to relocation were presented as key elements of resilience, maintaining community system function, and preserving livelihoods. The study further found that these key factors would not be adequate to guarantee community flood resilience outside the transformative capacity of a well‐resourced village civil protection committee that can prepare and mobilize stakeholders in response to flood emergencies. Our results suggest that, in the context where policymakers seek to strengthen resilience of communities without relocating them, a focus on public health and on strengthening and utilizing local capacities as adaptation, are key in disaster risk management policymaking and implementation. For the international research community, this study demonstrated the importance of utilizing context and hazard specific measures for defining, characterizing, and measuring resilience to inform policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific articles from a social sciences perspective that focus on the role of women as active subjects during an emergency, particularly in terms of evacuation actions in the aftermath of disasters of natural origin. The methology used in the present literature review was designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. The databases used were Web of Science and SCOPUS. This systematic review comprises the 25 articles which met our selection criteria out of the 63,852 studies initially found in the search. Although the progressive incorporation of a gender perspective can be seen in the academic study of disasters within the field of social sciences, the scientific production, especially with reference to the emergency phase, remains scant. The current literature reveals the importance of taking into account the knowledge women have, as well as how they behave following a disaster of natural origin. The results of the analysis carried out demonstrate that in making visible how gender roles operate during the early response period in an emergency, especially in relation to the role played by women as active subjects, the traditional notion of rescue is extended. On the basis of this analysis, recommendations are made which can facilitate an approach to disaster risk management that guarantees gender equality in an emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how sociodemographics, risk perception, and prior experience affected typhoons' disaster preparedness and emergency response. A total of 286 valid questionnaires were obtained from a typhoon-prone district in Hong Kong. The results indicated that sociodemographics, risk perception, and prior experience explained significant amounts of variances in protective behaviors. Among these variables, risk perception was found to be the most powerful predictor and it mediated the effects of prior experience on disaster preparedness and emergency response toward typhoons. Furthermore, disaster preparedness initiated emergency response toward typhoons, indicating the spillover of protective behaviors. The paper contributes to the knowledge body by providing a better understanding of the process and mechanism of the performance of protective behaviors. Furthermore, this study may provide insights into improving typhoon management in Hong Kong as well as other coastal cities in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency and intensity of natural disasters have been increasing in recent decades; especially earthquakes are one of the causes of major natural disasters. Improving community adaptive response to disasters based on community capacity has gradually become an effective means of coping with disaster risks, as well as improving residents' well-being and community participation in disaster planning and management. We integrate community resilience and disaster management to establish an evaluation framework for community-based earthquake disaster management (CEDM) based on community perspectives under importance performance analysis method, and identify the factors affecting community adaptive behavior. Features that affect the differentiation of community residents' adaptive behavior in CEDM program are classified into risk perception, learning earthquake knowledge, the ability on earthquake prevention, and creating a platform on CEDM. The results identify that the CEDM has to integrate the higher community education plan, the stronger flexible to disaster preparedness, the higher the residents' awareness of disaster prevention, the stronger the ability to adapt to disasters; the higher the ability of the government and non-profit organizations to cooperate with the community to deal with disasters, and the stronger the community's ability to manage disasters. These findings provide valuable insights into the construction of CEDM systems and related policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The areas prone to geological hazards such as liquefaction need special attention with respect to social vulnerability. Though liquefaction by itself may not result in damage, it may trigger a series of ground failures such as ground oscillation, lateral spread, loss of bearing strength, etc., which cause heavy damage. Globally, during the past few decades liquefaction hazard analysis has become one of the important criteria in seismic risk analysis and mitigation management, especially for urban areas. Greater Chennai is one of the million-plus population cities in India. The city also felt earthquakes/tremors in the past history. Method: The present study aims to assess the social vulnerability of the population density of the Greater Chennai area due to liquefaction susceptibility using GIS technology. The liquefaction susceptibility map (hazard) for the Greater Chennai was prepared by integration of geological and geomorphological parameters and analyzed over socioeconomic parameters (exposure) using an integration of GIS and AHP. Results: The result showed that around 53% of Greater Chennai's households and population are very much exposed to liquefaction hazard. Conclusions: This study can be used as a base level study for decision-making during land use planning as well as disaster mitigation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) constitute an overarching global milestone for creating a better sustainable future worldwide. The risk component of the agenda under the SFDRR must be better embedded into the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and integrating disaster risk management policy with broader development objectives at national and subnational levels in many countries is still a work in progress. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the progress between the SDGs and the SFDRR in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and its complementary features Design/methodology/approach: Comprehensive and contextualized analyses of the progress of SFDRR and SDGs related to the LAC region need to be fully addressed to examine synergies and trade-offs with the two global agendas. Based on empirical evidence from United Nations global reports, a literature review of DRR and DRM, as well as development planning evidence, this paper addresses the implications of building coherence between the SDGs and the SFDRR in the region. Findings: Interplay and connections of the two agendas are highlighted together with an analysis of coherence among indicators. Despite the richness of several indicators, the examined evidence suggests that derived from the current progress, indicators are unable to completely reflect the dynamics among disaster risk drivers for both the SFDRR and the SDGs in the region. Research limitations/implications: Data availability at UNIDSR as well as at the regional level can limit the scope of the research. When comparing and matching the agendas, results could be further improved upon new releases of data. SFDRR and SDGs have also ground for improvement and countries are doing well but still slow. Practical implications: The paper offers new insights and findings for decision/policy makers in Latina America and the Caribbean. Originality/value: The paper offers an overall understanding of the progress and coherence among SFDRR and SDGs global frameworks and provides insights to identify the gaps and opportunities that need to be addressed to integrate disaster risk reduction into sustainable development planning at national and regional scales in LAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk perception, literacy, communication, narrative, governance, and education are important aspects of emergency and disaster management, preparedness, and planning (EDMPP) as they for example influence and direct EDMPP policies and actions. A thorough understanding of the 'social aspects of risk is important for EDMPP, especially in relation to marginalized populations who are often overlooked. Technologies are increasingly employed for EDMPP. How these technology applications identify and engage with the 'social' of risk in general and the 'social' of risk experienced by marginalized populations is important for EDMPP. Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) and similar phrases are employed as policy concepts to improve research, education, and participation in the workplace for marginalized groups such as women, Indigenous peoples, visible/racialized minorities, disabled people, and LGBTQ2S including in workplaces engaging with EDMPP which includes universities. The aim of this scoping review was to generate data that allows for a detailed understanding of the risk related discussions within the EDMPP academic literature as these discussions shape EDMPP policies and actions. The objective of this scoping review study was to map out the engagement with risk, specifically the social aspects of risk, in the EDMPP-focused academic literature with a focus on (a) EDMPP in general, (b) COVID-19, (c) EDMPP and marginalized groups, (d) EDMPP and patients, and (e) EDMPP and technologies (artificial intelligence, machine learning, machine reasoning, algorithm design approaches such as Bayesian belief networks, e-coaching, decision support systems, virtual coaching, automated decision support, e-mentoring, automated dialogue and conversational agents). Using the academic databases SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, and databases accessible under Compendex and EBSCO-HOST and performing hit count frequency searches of online and downloaded abstracts and thematic analysis of downloaded abstracts the study reveals a lack of coverage on the social aspects of risk and engagement with risk concepts such as risk perception, risk governance, risk literacy, risk communication, risk education and risk narrative especially in conjunction with marginalized groups and technologies employed in EDMPP decision support. Our findings suggest many opportunities to further the EDMPP academic inquiry by filling the gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate environmental injustice and analyze flood vulnerability characteristics in consideration of environmental justice and urban flood disaster prevention planning. We investigated various physical and non-physical urban disaster prevention factors to prevent urban flooding and applied them to the urban development process in Seoul from an environmental justice perspective. Flood risk areas were identified, and flood damage data from 2000 to 2018 were collected. Furthermore, a panel analysis was performed and the final model was selected. The flood vulnerability characteristics were found to be detached houses having basements, aged detached houses, land area for detached houses, public assistance recipients, and population aged 65 years or above, which had impact factors of 8.323, 3.781, -2.877, 3.257, and 2.637, respectively. The results indicate that not only the socially vulnerable population lacked the ability to respond to floods, but buildings and areas with poor residential environments also suffered from flood damage. This implies that there was socioeconomically disproportionate exposure (termed as environmental injustice) in the process of urban flood prevention planning and urban development. Our results can contribute qualitatively and quantitatively to preparing a flood prevention plan based on environmental justice paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate catastrophe insurance is an important tool for advancing China's comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation efforts and an important part of modernizing China's national emergency management capabilities. Based on the understanding of the definition of catastrophe and China's climate catastrophe, this paper systematically analyzes the main problems and challenges faced by China's climate catastrophe risk management and elaborates on the characteristics of the current opportunities for the development of China's climate catastrophe insurance. The paper then summarizes the development features of international catastrophe insurance systems, compares the features of the Shenzhen and Ningbo pilots of catastrophe insurance in China, and proposes key focus points for the meteorological department to participate in climate catastrophe insurance. Finally, this paper proposes measures to enhance climate catastrophe insurance in China in future from the development of international catastrophe insurance and China's climate catastrophe pilot work. Firstly, consider the whole process of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation concept and play the role of the government and the market and other multi-body, to explore the construction of the catastrophe insurance system. Secondly, establish a special or comprehensive catastrophe insurance fund. Thirdly, promote the formation of public–private partnership sharing mechanism. Fourthly, the government should provide appropriate legal and policy support. Fifthly, use the market mechanisms to reduce government pressure on public finances in catastrophe insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social vulnerability in the context of disaster management refers to the sociodemographic characteristics of a population and the physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that increase their susceptibility to adverse disaster outcomes and capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from disaster events. Because disasters do not impact people equally, researchers, public health practitioners, and emergency managers need training to meet the complex needs of vulnerable populations. Design/methodology/approach: To address gaps in current education, the CONVERGE initiative, headquartered at the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder, developed the Social Vulnerability and Disasters Training Module. This free online course draws on decades of research to examine the factors that influence social vulnerability to disasters. Examples of studies and evidence-based programs are included to illuminate common methods for studying social vulnerability and ways that research can guide practice. To evaluate the module, all trainees completed a pre- and post-training questionnaire. Findings: Between July 2019 and September 2021, 1,089 people completed the module. Wilcoxon signed rank tests demonstrated a significant perceived increase in self-rated knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA). Students, members of historically underrepresented populations, and those new to or less experienced in the field, had the greatest perceived increase. Practical implications: This training module can help participants understand the specific needs of socially vulnerable populations to help reduce human suffering from disasters. Originality/value: This article describes a novel web-based training and offers evaluation data showing how it can help educate a broad hazards and disaster workforce on an important topic for disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite growing awareness and research into experiences of gender and sexual minorities – also known as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities (LGBTQIA+) – their needs and capacities are often overlooked in crisis response and disaster risk reduction. LGBTQIA+ peoples' vulnerability is shaped by social marginalisation, discrimination, and stigma, and exacerbated by dominant value systems and Western heteronormative framings of disaster experiences. We present a review of scholarship into gender and sexual minorities and disasters. We summarise extant knowledge and identify areas for growth in the field of disaster geographies. We argue that progress requires increased conceptual and methodological focus on diversity and the intersectional factors that exacerbate marginality, more inclusive knowledge production pathways focussed on risk reduction, and establishing methods for LGBTQIA+ people to be involved in research about them. More critical and inclusive research will not only aid progress in disaster geographies; it will also provide vital evidence with which to lobby policymakers and disaster management to pay closer attention to diversity and inclusion. By moving beyond normativity, cisgender‐heterosexual assumptions, and homogenising identity labels, we can begin to address social, cultural, and political factors that determine spatial inequalities, marginalisation, and disaster vulnerability for gender and sexual minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community involvement is essential for an all-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction. This requires innovative consultation methods, particularly with youth and during pandemic restrictions. This article outlines methods used for a Photovoice project where we brought together student co-researchers from multiple levels (high school, undergraduate, and graduate health sciences) to explore the topic of youth engagement in disaster risk reduction. Over a two-year period, our team used Photovoice as an arts-based participatory method to collaborate with members of our EnRiCH Youth Research Team. We adapted the protocol to continue our project during the COVID-19 pandemic and presented our work in a Photovoice exhibition using Instagram. This article was written from the perspectives of high school and university students on the project. Our hybrid Photovoice protocol facilitated participation through the pandemic, including a virtual presentation at an international conference and online consultation with the Canadian Red Cross. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child undernutrition and natural disasters are major public health concerns in Bangladesh, but research into their relationship is lacking. This study assessed the association between residential district multi-hazard-risk and undernutrition among children aged less than 5 years (under-5) in Bangladesh. Data for 22,055 under-5 children were extracted from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of Bangladesh. Multi-hazard risk was categorized as low (score<10), moderate (score 10–20), and high (score>20) using a combined score of four major hazards: tornado, cyclone, earthquake, and flood. We found that children from high multi-hazard risk districts were 19% more likely to be stunted and 23% more likely to be underweight compared to low-risk districts. However, wasting was not associated with multi-hazard risk. Strategies such as agricultural adaptation and coping mechanisms, long-term post-disaster nutritional response, extended periods of relief supports, and enhanced quality maternal and child care services may help to reduce undernutrition burdens in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been great concern about producing, converting, or disposing of the waste obtained from different sources. Waste production is a continuous phenomenon that can be minimized by taking certain measures; however, it cannot be eliminated completely. The wastes produced along with various useful processes, such as industrial operations or natural processes, may have hazardous effects on the living organisms. The hazards brought about by natural calamities or man-made operations can affect the integrity of the natural environment and the living entities in the worst possible ways. An insight into the hazardous effects and the associated causes intensifies the need to develop hazard management strategies. Hazard management policies have garnered prodigious attention due to the disastrous effects of hazardous materials. The hazard management policies are being addressed at the government as well as the individual levels benefitting mankind. Worldwide, different countries are working on hazard management in different capacities, depending upon the available resources. Attempts are being made to manage hazardous products obtained from different sources without the natural sources being worn out, ensuring environmental sustainability. The general escalation in world pollution, making it unfit for living organisms, ruining the aesthetic beauty of the environment, etc., has given rise to great concerns about waste management. The control and management of waste products have become the hottest topic being discussed on various platforms like symposia, workshops (both National and International), conferences, and a demanding topic in many journals. Considering the dire need for knowledge and awareness about waste management, this review focuses on the causes and effects of the hazards and measures being taken at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards early warning systems (EWS) are built on a solid technical and scientific foundation. However, a significant focus must be on those at risk and a systems approach that considers all the key risk factors. A people-centered flood EWS has proved to be more successful at conveying risk messages and protecting lives during times of crisis. The present study intends to analyze the gender perspective of flood early warning systems in Pakistan by using four components of a people-centered approach. The data acquired from the different sources in this study (including institutional key informant interviews = 30 and community focus groups = 32) is analyzed using a paradigm of gender analysis. The findings regarding gender analysis revealed that there was a lack of participation from women in the risk assessment process, and the institutions did not pay enough attention to the conventional knowledge and views of women and men. In most cases, women were not given hazard alerts since they only receive information about possible risks from men. Women were still reluctant to participate in the planning process for disaster response and capacity building because of societal norms and impediments. In addition, the study revealed that the EWS did not satisfy most of the requirements specified in a people-centered gender-sensitive EWS owing to the bureaucratic approach, lack of residents' engagement, communication breakdown between people (at risk), and official risk messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight the experiences and issues of an overlooked demographic: older LGBTQ + adults in the US, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This allows the authors to explore possible changes in policy and practice regarding the management of the pandemic with attention to elderly LGBTQ. Design/methodology/approach: Building on the authors' experience in disaster research and a study of older LGBTQ + adults in the San Francisco Bay Area, the authors analyze key trends in COVID-19 pandemic management while drawing lessons from the AIDS epidemic. Findings: The authors have found that LGBTQ + people, especially older and transgender individuals, have unique experiences with hazards and public safety and healthcare professionals and organizations (e.g. heteronormative care, traumatic insensitivity, deprioritizing essential treatments as elective). Second, older LGBTQ + adults' perceptions of state responses to pandemics were heavily influenced by experiences with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. And third, experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications for preventing, responding to and recovering from future epidemics/pandemics. Originality/value: The authors point to two parallel implications of this work. The first entails novel approaches to queering disaster prevention, response and recovery. And the second is to connect the management of the COVID-19 pandemic to the principles of harm reduction developed by grassroots organizations to suggest new ways to think about contagion and organize physical distancing, while still socializing to take care of people's physical and mental health, especially the more marginalized like elderly LGBTQ + people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Resilience can be understood as the ability of communities to adapt to disturbances in a way that reduces chronic vulnerability and promotes growth. Disaster scholars assert that resilience is developed through a set of adaptive capacities across multiple domains, including society, the economy, the built and natural environments, and sociopolitical institutions. These adaptive capacities have been thought to be networked, but little is known about how they are connected. The authors explore how institutional capacity and social capital intersect to influence change adaptation, using a case from the Artic: Longyearbyen in the Svalbard archipelago. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use case study methods that integrate original interviews of Longyearbyen residents with news articles and public documents to analyze emergent themes related to institutional capacity, social capital and disaster risk reduction. Findings: Analyses reveal that implementation gaps in hazard and disaster programs and policies, coupled with high turnover of staff in key positions, have created accountability issues indicative of low institutional capacity and weak social capital between the public and government. Additionally, high turnover of the population of the community, within the context of the legacy as a mining company town, is accompanied by social divisions and low trust between diverse cultural groups in the community. This lack of social capital provides little support for institutional capacity to effectively mitigate risk posed by climate change. Originality/value: This study illuminates institutional capacity building needs directly related to disaster resilience for cases of complex institutional arrangements and developing democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience has become a cornerstone for risk management and disaster reduction. However, it has evolved extensively both etymologically and conceptually in time and across scientific disciplines. The concept has been (re)shaped by the evolution of research and practice efforts. Considered the opposite of vulnerability for a long time, resilience was first defined as the ability to resist, bounce back, cope with, and recover quickly from the impacts of hazards. To avoid the possible return to conditions of vulnerability and exposure to hazards, the notions of post-disaster development, transformation, and adaptation (build back better) and anticipation, innovation, and proactivity (bounce forward) were then integrated. Today, resilience is characterized by a multitude of components and several classifications. We present a selection of 25 components used to define resilience, and an interesting linkage emerges between these components and the dimensions of risk management (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery), offering a perspective to strengthen resilience through the development of capacities. Despite its potential, resilience is subject to challenges regarding its operationalization, effectiveness, measurement, credibility, equity, and even its nature. Nevertheless, it offers applicability and opportunities for local communities as well as an interdisciplinary look at global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, resilience has become an indispensable term in several aspects and areas of research and life. Reaching consensus on what actually constitutes "resilience," "community," and "community resilience" is still a task that guarantees a vivid exchange of opinions, sometimes escalating into debates, both in the scientific community and among practitioners. Figuring out how to practically apply resilience principles goes even a step further. This study attempts to circumvent the need for a universal agreement on the definition of "community resilience," which may still be immature, if not impossible, at this time. We accomplish this by proposing a practical methodological approach with concrete methods on how to agree and implement commonly accepted community resilience principles in the context of technology development and pilot testing for disaster management. The proposed approach was developed, tested, and validated in the context of the Horizon 2020 EU-funded project Search and Rescue. Major aspects of the approach, along with considerations for further improvement and adaptation in different contexts, are addressed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the themes of CASCADE NET, this paper focusses on less heard voices and the need to develop new social spaces. Disaster vulnerability identifies diversity in society through a lens of constraints to solutions, on such bases as demography, socio-economic status, cultural, ethnic and gendered minorities within society, and marginalized groups as well as physical proximity to a hazard. The focus of disaster risk reduction is on building resilience through the strengths and capacities in society, but it has a tendency to homogenize characteristics of resilience to the community level, thereby flattening and hiding diversity. LGBTQ people are largely ignored as minority groups with specific information needs. Specific response and recovery processes and actors exacerbate the vulnerability of the LGBTQ minority, especially in evacuation, support, counselling, and rehousing. The role of faith-based organizations (FBO) in providing these services during disaster relief and recovery is examined in this paper. This paper identifies and critiques the attitudes and practices of some FBO towards LGBTQ groups in their provision of disaster relief services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guest editorial: Introduction to calling for change in disaster studies - rethinking disaster studies This special issue calls for a change in disaster studies. The authors pointed out the limitations of the traditional knowledge production system embedded in disaster and climate change research studies, showing that knowledge production in research processes conforms to colonialist thinking or West-inspired approaches. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper focuses on how feminist research seeks to integrate the inclusion of women in society for them to be active participants in disaster management, and goes on to prove how crucial it is for disaster research to collaborate with feminist research to arrive at a cohesive, interwoven, interdisciplinary field and methodology, while at the same time giving the agency in the hands of local agents for them to bring about change through traditional methods interwoven with broader methodologies. To hand over the process to local agents would result in decolonisation of knowledge production and implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The paper was written using secondary sources, mainly in the form of books, journal articles and news articles. Reports by international organisations were used to augment data and other theoretical frameworks and references in the paper. The secondary sources were selected keeping in view one of the primary objectives of the paper, namely "decolonising knowledge production". Analysis by postcolonial authors from the global South has been included. Research and literature based in local contexts form an important part of the sources consulted throughout this paper. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been used as a case study to highlight how disasters are still "gendered"; it opens up space for further research on the topic. Findings: Even though women are increasingly recognised as agents of positive change in prevention, mitigation and post-disaster efforts, very little is done at the policy and implementation levels to include their experiences and benefit from them. There is an urgent need for systemic, gender-aware changes at socio-economic and political levels so that hazards may be prevented from turning into disasters by reducing the vulnerability of populations. Originality/value: The importance of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach and the integration of three fields of study disaster management, feminist/gender studies and decolonising knowledge production. The attempt is to analyse the interdependence of these fields of study to understand the lacunae in planning and implementation of disaster management policies, and to pave the way for further research by way of this integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed strain on healthcare systems across the world; however, countries experiencing overlapping crises such as economic or political unrest face immense pressure in ensuring routine healthcare services can continue to operate. Despite being less likely suffer severe disease or die from COVID-19, data suggest women have experienced poorer mental health, higher rates of unemployment, and more social isolation during the pandemic. In general, we know women and girls experience multiple forms of disadvantage in disaster contexts including being more likely to become homeless, work as an unpaid carer, and to experience poverty. Research from previous disaster contexts has demonstrated that women's healthcare services tend to be deprioritised in the emergency response, and reports suggest this has been the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper highlights key priorities for safeguarding women's and girls' health in disaster contexts, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, by drawing on learning from the multiple crises facing Beirut, including responding to the pandemic, economic collapse, and the Beirut Port Explosion in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives, human experiences, life histories and stories are powerful tools to understand a social phenomenon. Different kinds of pandemics and disasters create different types of stories and experiences. The human response to disasters seems to be generating or at least permitting an increase in property losses, especially in societies where economic growth is rapid and modern technology is spreading fast. Some hazards are created by persistent inhabitance of dangerous areas or by alteration of land or water, while others are exacerbated by efforts to reduce the risk. The disasters adversely affect societies but also give rise to heroic stories of survival and resilience. The North-Western Himalayan region is prone to several kinds of disasters like floods, earthquakes, landslides etc. One of the most disaster prone regions in North-Western Himalayas is Kashmir Valley. Kashmir Valley has witnessed several disastrous floods in the last century but the most disastrous flood in the recent history of the Union Territory is the September 2014 flood which affected all the aspects of life and resulted into death of 277 people. It also witnessed floods in 2015, 2017 and most recently in 2019 but they were not as devastating as the 2014 flood. The present study gives the ethnographic account of the recent floods in Kashmir Valley with special focus on 2014 flood. It gives account of the devastating loss and suffering of people due to the floods. The present ethnographic study goes deeper into understanding narratives of people, their experiences of the floods, account of several survival stories, the politics involved in relief and rescue, history of the people of Kashmir, the meaning behind the narratives and the meaning of belonging and communitarianism. It also provides insight into vulnerability of different classes of people to floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central function of government is to protect citizens from harms of various hazards. Research on governmental emergency preparedness focuses predominantly on emergency management agencies per se but seldom assesses the full range of public sector agencies—nor how public managers specifically shape agency actions. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how perceptions and attitudes of administrators in nonemergency management agencies affect preparedness. Using a survey of U.S. public transit agencies, I demonstrate how managers' perceived risks and efficacy beliefs shape nonemergency public agencies' commitment to emergency preparedness. These findings suggest pathways for improved emergency preparedness across public sector agencies overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamalama is an active stratovolcano on Ternate, a small volcanic island in Maluku Utara, Indonesia. Since 1510, a total of 77 eruptions have been recorded, with various impacts on the population and environment on the island and its surroundings. In July 2015, Gamalama erupted after < 24 h of precursor signs. The seismic activity continued to increase until September 2015, as marked by three sudden eruptions that were not preceded by significant volcanic and tremor earthquakes. This research was intended to understand the chronology and impact of the 2015 Gamalama eruption, which is categorically unusual, and to learn how the government conducted relevant crisis management and in what manners the community affected by ejected materials reacted to it. The former was achieved by analyzing the data provided by the Gamalama volcano observatory. As for the latter, interviews with key stakeholders in volcanic disaster management and a questionnaire-based survey involving 85 respondents in the most affected areas were conducted. The results showed that despite the relatively small Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI = 2), the 2015 eruption was rather unexpected to many parties because it began with a short-term precursor sign (less than a day). The impact included tephra deposits as thick as 2–6 mm was in the Loto, Togafo, and Takome Villages. A total of 1791 people was recorded evacuating to several locations, such as Afe Taduma village, the SMKN 2 camp, the SKB camp, and the Naval Base camp. After a rapid impact assessment and coordination with the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), the government issued a status of emergency and evacuation orders. In cases when eruptions are initiated with a short-term precursor, the large population size and geographic condition of Ternate Island create a particular challenge in the resultant evacuation. Nevertheless, with prior mitigation measures and evacuation drills in hazard zones, evacuation can be carried out effectively. Even when a large-scale Gamalama eruption requires an evacuation to neighboring islands, a properly implemented mitigation such as the establishment of sister islands can substantially facilitate volcanic crisis management activities on small islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior. An intercept survey (N = 286) was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong, China in 2019, then the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness behavior. Risk perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective norm. Risk perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control, but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of preparedness. Not only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons, but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

23 Handley, H. K., Hillman, J., Finch, M., Ubide, T., Kachovich, S., McLaren, S., Petts, A., Purandare, J., Foote, A., and Tiddy, C.: In Australasia, gender is still on the agenda in geosciences, Adv. Geosci., 53, 205-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-205-2020, 2020. Women constitute a minority in the geoscience professional environment (around 30 %; e.g. UNESCO, 2015; Gonzales, 2019; Handley et al., 2020), and as a consequence, they are underrepresented in disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning. 9 Cvetkovi'c, V. M., Roder, G., Öcal, A., Tarolli, P., and Dragi'cevi'c, S.: The role of gender in preparedness and response behaviors towards flood risk in Serbia, Int. J. Environ. 38 Rushton, A., Phibbs, S., Kenney, C., and Anderson, C.: The gendered body politic in disaster policy and practice, Int. J. Disast. [Extracted from the article]

Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to 'be strong' in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the 'masculine' model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The way that disasters are managed, or indeed mis-managed, is often represented diagrammatically as a "disaster cycle". The cyclical aspects of the disaster (risk) management concept, comprised of numerous operational phases, have, in recent years, been criticised for conceptualising and representing disasters in an overly simplistic way that typically starts with a disaster "event" – and subsequently leads onto yet another disaster. Such cyclical thinking has been proven to not be very useful for the complexities associated with understanding disasters and their risks. This paper aims to present an alternative conceptualisation of the Disaster Risk Management phases, in a way that can better factor in the underlying root causes that create differential levels of vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach: This is a conceptual paper developed, through a review of the literature and discussions between the authors, as a counterpoint to the pervasive "disaster cycle". Findings: The "Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Helix" is presented as an alternative way of conceptualising the DRM phases. The helictical conceptualisation of DRM phases presented in this paper is intentionally presented to start a discussion (rather than as an end point) on how best to move away from the constraints of the "disaster cycle". Originality/value: It is envisaged that the helictical conceptualisation of DRM can be suitably malleable to include important factors such as temporal considerations and the underlying root causes that create differential levels of vulnerability. It is, thus, the intention that the DRM Helix can provide a catalyst for exciting discussions and future adaptations of the diagram that can better capture the dynamic (non-cyclical) nature of disasters and their root causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]