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This study categorises mobile technology use into four types, taking into account two dimensions: the nature of the matters (work-related and non-work-related) and the boundaries (work and nonwork time). Furthermore, this study focuses on mobile technology use across boundaries. Drawing upon SDT, this study refines mobile technology use across work-nonwork boundaries into 2*2 categories based on the different ways in which it crosses the work-nonwork boundary, namely, work invading nonwork time (work-to-nonwork time), nonwork intruding on the realm of work time (nonwork-to-work time) as well as individual's willingness of behaviour (active and passive). Moreover, relying on COR theory, we introduce the mediating role of thriving at work (learning and vitality) in the relationship between across-boundary mobile technology use and job performance. This study shows that work-to-nonwork time active use and nonwork-to-work time active use have positive and inverted U-shaped effects on job performance separately, and both nonwork-to-work time and work-to-nonwork time passive use have negative effects on job performance. In addition, learning mediates the positive relationship between work-to-nonwork time active use and job performance, while vitality mediates the relationship between nonwork-to-work time active use and job performance, as well as between work-to-nonwork time passive use and job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. For this purpose, a study was conducted that examined how different interruptions and different characteristics of an interruption affect employees' self-reported exhaustion. Specifically, a survey examined the effect of work interruptions due to different interruption types (email, short message, call, person) from different senders (e.g. supervisor, colleague) and with different contents (e.g. new task, relevant information). Data were gathered from 492 office workers in Germany during one working day. Structural equation models were calculated to assess mediation and moderation to answer the question to what extent characteristics of work interruptions have a negative impact on employees´ burnout symptoms. The results indicate that work interruptions cannot be examined purely on the basis of the frequency but must be considered in relation to the resulting overload, whereby different characteristics of work interruptions have different effects for the interrupted person. The results underline the importance of considering work interruptions in a more complex way than has previously been done to derive guidelines for human-friendly digital work design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates that work interruptions are considered one of the most common work stressors. Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is therefore vital to reducing worker stress and maintaining performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the frequency of work interruptions on subjective workload in the context of office work. Specifically, the mediating influence of interruption perception as well as the moderating influence of the complexity of the primary task are examined. METHOD: The work interruptions of 492 office workers in Germany were collected by means of a one-day diary study. A mediation model and a conditional indirect effect model were calculated to examine the influence of interruption frequency on subjective workload, mediated by the individual perception of these interruptions as well as moderated by the complexity of the primary work tasks. RESULTS: The analyses indicated a significant mediation and moderation. This implies that, on the one hand, the perception of work interruptions significantly mediates the relationship between the frequency of work interruptions and subjective workload. On the other hand, more complex primary work tasks seem to strengthen the positive relationship between interruption frequency and perceived interruption overload. CONCLUSION: The study underlines that work interruptions need to be considered in a much more differentiated way than is currently the case. Both in research and in terms of intervention measures in the work context, the various influencing factors need to be identified for an assessment of the effects on the working person to be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Psychological complications of chronic diseases are often underestimated because they may be interpreted as normal consequences of the underlying illness. Additionally, chronic patients may find several obstacles to healthcare access, including physical, socioeconomic, geographical and psychological barriers. Social media may be potential tools to provide psychological care extending the possibility of treatment where the offer is limited. This review aimed to explore the use of social media in administering psychological interventions to patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo (from 2004 to 2021). Randomized controlled trials outlining the social media use in administering psychological assistance to patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases were considered eligible. Out of 9838 records identified, 75 papers were included. Peer-to-peer interaction was the most used (n = 22), mainly via chat rooms and forums. Interventions were mostly administered to patients with psychiatric (n = 41) or oncologic disorders (n = 12). This work highlighted a lack of tailored interventions based on disease, age or gender, and a use of a limited range of relatively old platforms such as emails, blogs and forums. To administer efficient interventions, it would be advisable to continuously analyze the evolving use of these tools. Lay Summary: Psychological symptoms are common among patients with chronic non-infectious diseases. Seldom treated properly, they are a major reason for a low quality of life. Chronic patients, like those who suffer from oncologic, psychiatric or heart diseases, could have difficulties in finding the right psychological support. One way to potentially reach anyone is using social media, which are often used by chronic patients for educational purposes about their diseases, or for finding psychological support from others with similar conditions. We wanted to study whether social media have been used in clinical research for administering psychological support to patients with chronic diseases. We studied the existing scientific literature doing a systematic review, finding that often social media were not used at their full potential. Peer-to-peer interactions were the most common interactions, chats rooms and forums the most common social media platforms. Participants were most commonly psychiatric and oncological patients. It is very important not to overlook powerful instruments like social media: they could be easily used by patients to empower themselves in managing their conditions. Social media could be an efficient way to easily provide chronic patients with psychological support either administered by health professionals, like psychotherapists, or by peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine whether manipulating the frame used in email subject lines affects open or click-through rate. Participants: Students (N = 38,538) at a Midwestern university received emails from their health clinic about a stress management program (September - December 2017). Method: Three subject lines (Action Instruction only, Gain Frame plus Action Instruction, Non-loss Frame plus Action Instruction) were used. Each student randomly received one subject line in the first two months and one in the next two months. Email open and click-through rates were measured. Results: Emails with the Action Instruction only subject line were more likely to be opened; there was no difference in open rate between the two framed subject lines, and no effect on click-through rates. Conclusion: This study supports the benefits of action instructions to encourage behavior change but calls for further research on the effects of frames and action instructions in email subject lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with other forms of human communication, text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) media, such as email, instant messaging, and online texting, are often used as a means to persuade others. However, unlike most other media, which feature structural bias in their support for either interpersonal or broadcast communication modes, textbased CMC supports both modes. As a result, CMC text messages frequently have ambiguous origins. We argue that individuals respond to this ambiguity by categorizing these messages based on characteristics that distinguish interpersonal messages from broadcast messages, and receivers tend to comply to a greater extent with those messages that they perceive as interpersonal. Based on these arguments, we present a fundamentally new online textual persuasion model. In empirically testing the model in an online experiment that we assessed with structural equation modeling, we found that it exhibited strong explanatory power and additional utility in augmenting existing online persuasion models. The results offer important theoretical contributions to human-computer interaction research generally and provide practical specific insights for improving persuasive communication via text-based CMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and timely dissemination of critical information while facilitating reciprocal communication channels is critical during times of crisis. The Graduate Student Leader (GSL) program is a peer-based leadership and mentoring intervention that proved helpful in addressing the needs of a large and diverse student body of approximately 1,300 graduate social work students during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The GSL program is designed to facilitate virtual communication using e-mail, instant messaging, and virtual conferencing and, as such, exists as a supportive mechanism for both online students and students who typically attend classes on campus. This qualitative study used focus groups of current students (n=20), individual interviews with current GSLs (n=9), and analysis of instant messaging responses (among faculty, staff, and GSLs) to document the effect of the GSL program during the first 4 months of the pandemic. Four major themes resulted from the analysis of the combined data: advocacy and information sharing, program impact, program need, and comradery. It is evident that the GSL program represented an important mechanism through which students could easily connect with one other, share resources and support, and facilitate communication between students and university administration. Implications of these findings, including implementation recommendations for other graduate social work programs, are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Help-seeking is an essential self-regulatory and metacognitive skill. In the online learning environment, much of the learning is self-directed and there are generally less opportunities to receive help in real time. The uses of email and discussion boards are the most common method of seeking help in these environments. The current study explored students' perceptions of the use of live chat technology for online academic help-seeking within higher education, with a focus on comparing online and blended learners' perspectives. Participants were 246 students who were studying psychology online (n = 91) or in blended learning (n = 155) environments. The live chat technology was well received by both groups, especially for its ability to provide instant, real-time, and convenient help. Live chat was particularly well received by online learners, who were more satisfied, felt more cared about by the teaching team, and would be more likely to recommend it to others than blended learners. Further, online learners reported that live chat gave them better access to staff, and felt that this feature was a good approximation for more traditional face-to-face conversations. As an online, synchronous, private help-seeking tool between student and teacher, these findings provide a strong endorsement for the use of live chat in higher education, particularly for online learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) on antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in a medical school. Our ASP included delivering an antibiotic use guideline via e-mail and LINE (an instant messaging app) to faculty staff, fellows, and residents, and posting of the guideline in examination rooms. Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with ARTI were reviewed to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription. ASP could increase the rate of appropriateness from 78% (1979 out of 2553 visits) to 83.4% (2449 out of 2935 visits; P <.001). The baseline of appropriateness was higher in residents (95%) compared with fellows (82%) and faculty staff (75%). The ASP significantly increased the appropriateness only in faculty staff, especially in semiprivate clinics (75% to 83%, P <.001). In conclusion, our ASP increased appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for ARTI, with the greatest impact among faculty staff in semiprivate clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be an effective communicator, students need to learn how to select the appropriate means of communication and be aware of potential obstacles. The model of communication process can be an effective framework for students to understand many pitfalls of the communication process. The described activity enables students to experience communication at different levels of richness (e.g., face to face, instant messaging, email) and with varying levels of feedback and noise. After completing the activity, students will understand the importance of precise, rich messages, seeking and providing feedback, and the difficulties that can occur at every step in communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of computer-mediated communication applications can lead to workplace stress for employees. However, such stress is influenced not only by how individuals actually use computer-mediated communication applications but also how they desire to use them. This article examines how the individual's actual and desired use of communication tools together influence his or her workplace stress. It does so across a range of computer-mediated media (e.g. email or instant messaging) and workplace stressors (e.g. workload or work relationships). This investigation is conducted using a multi-method research design. The quantitative study found that desired and actual use together influenced workplace stress, mostly for email, but not for other media. The qualitative study further showed that such influence depends on organisational conditions such as available media or co-workers preferences. The findings emphasise the importance of considering the individuals' desired use of CMC media and their subjective appraisals of different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Undertaking qualitative research with vulnerable populations is a complex and challenging process for researchers. Traditional and common modes of collecting qualitative data with these groups have been via face-to-face recorded interviews. Methods: This article reports on three internet-based data collection methods; email and synchronous online interviews, as well as online qualitative survey. Results: The key characteristics of using email, sychronous online interviews and an online qualitative survey including the strengths and limitations of each are presented. Reflections and insights on the use of these internet-based data collection methods are provided to encourage researchers to embrace technology and move away from using traditional face-to-face interviews when researching with vulnerable populations. Conclusion: Using the internet to collect qualitative data offers additional ways to gather qualitative data over traditional data collection methods. The use of alternative interview methods may encourage participation of vulnerable participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For optimum utilization of information materials & access to information, libraries have changed strategically and that is the aim of this paper to appraisal of the Synchrous and asynchrous techniques of marketing library services in two university libraries. Five specific objectives guided the study which was what are the library services for marketing, techniques use in marketing library services, the extent to which the techniques have improved the services, challenges & strategies to enhance the library service. Descriptive survey design, questionnaire was used for data collection & was distributed to 74 librarians in the two universities. Mean & tables were used to clarify the findings. It was found out that majority of the library services for marketing were online information services, library publication, reference services, current awareness services, selective dissemination of information, referral services, user education & indexing & abstracting services. In techniques used in marketing library services it was discovered that is mostly Synchrous means like instant messaging, chats, digital references services e.t.c. Asynchrous means like texts, emails, & face to face marketing strategies were seldomly use. On the challenges are lack of autonomy of libraries, lack of funds, poor internet access, power outage & so on. While some strategies were profound for the challenges like autonomy of libraries to run its affairs without fear or favor & interference with the parent institutions. Keywords: Marketing, University Administration, Synchrous & Asynchrous modes, Information Materials., INTRODUCTION Libraries are no longer the only information providers; they now have to compete for customers with the internet, bookshops, online book dealers and demand for more efficient services and [...]

The article discusses the workplace strategies to prevent and reduce pharmacy leadership burnout. Topics include the focus of healthcare to reduce hospital readmissions and improve quality of outcomes-based care, some symptoms of burnout like frustration, exhaustion, and impatience, and the studies showing that major drivers of burnout include the characteristics of work environment like electronic health record (EHR) documentation.

Emails are the most popular and effective way of communicating over the internet. A number of applications are available today for computers and mobile devices for email messaging. Email messaging is constantly getting more popular and, as a result, numbers of sent and received emails are also increasing. It is very difficult for a user to remember emails and relate newer incoming emails to previous communications made on similar topics. Email threads provide a mechanism using which a user can obtain sequences of emails for a particular set of communication in a time frame and provides a number of benefits to users. In this work two email thread identification algorithms based on a nested textual clustering approach are presented. The work is planned in two stages; in the first stage two popular text clustering approaches, latent Dirichlet allocation and non-negative matrix factorization, are applied over the email messages to form the email clusters. Then in the second stage, clustering is again performed over the created email clusters to identify the email threads using threading features. Performance parameters like accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure are evaluated for the presented thread identification algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous work has begun to incorporate psychological constructs into our understanding of media multiplexity (i.e., use of multiple media in a single interpersonal relationship). Following this approach, this investigation examined how a user's enjoyment of a communication medium might both predict medium use frequency and alter the extent to which closeness is an outcome of such use. Results supported this model across six popular interpersonal communication media (voice telephone, text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging, video chat, and social networking sites) in relationships with extended family members. Specifically, at low levels of medium enjoyment, use of a medium was not associated with relational closeness. Practically, these results suggest that communicating via an unsatisfying medium may not foster relational closeness; theoretically, these results argue for including psychological processes to strengthen MMT as a theory of interpersonal media choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber Harassment refers to online harassment. It is the use of e-mail, instant messaging and derogatory websites to harass an individual or group through personal attacks. Cyber harassment or online harassment can be made in the form of flames, sending of offensive e-mails, comments made in chat rooms or even harassing others by posting on social networking sites or blogs. In today's modern world, it is often difficult to track the person responsible for the acts of cyber harassment. This is so because the person remains anonymous while threatening or sending offensive messages to others online. I.T. Act., 2000 was a set of laws to regulate the cyber space. Indian parliament had also made amendments to the Indian Penal Code 1860, introducing cyberstalking as an offence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This article provides a description of a pilot telepsychology programme introduced in the Australian Men's Hockey programme in the lead-up to our gold medal World Cup and Commonwealth Games campaigns in 2014. Method This article is a case description of a novel application of videoconferencing technology and a reflective practice evaluation of our initial clinical experiences with this technology. Results Observations and feedback from players and coaches augur well for the acceptability and effectiveness of new technologies in responding to the considerable psychological demands of an increasingly globalised elite sporting context. Despite the usual array of technological challenges, not only did individual sessions become a critical part of ensuring individual well-being but group sessions also contributed to team cohesion. Coaching staff also utilised video links to access timely psychological input during tours, and to strengthen multidisciplinary assessments and treatment planning. Conclusions The successful application of telepsychology with these exceptionally high-functioning clients in a high-stakes context allayed some of the concerns about telepsychology among the coaching and sport science team. This novel application of telepsychology has provided a base from which to explore the use of communication technologies more routinely in our practice and to catch up to the digital natives that are our elite athlete clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive research has suggested the positive and capital-enhancing implications of information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, the mechanisms connecting ICT use to capital-enhancing opportunities for users' social well-being and social participation remain undertheorized. To address this agenda, we examine how e-mail, instant messenger, and mobile phones are used to maintain interpersonal networks and participation in voluntary organizations, along with engagement in community affairs. We analyze survey data collected from a sample of rural Taiwanese residing on an outer island of Kinmen County, finding that different ICTs allow participants to connect to different types of personal contacts and, in turn, encourage social participation in various ways. Respondents with a larger e-mail network tend to be more involved in civic organizations, whereas participants with a mobile phone network, including more close friends, tend to participate more in civic organizations and community affairs. We conclude with a future research agenda for investigating the link between networked individualism and digital inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To describe novel and emerging strategies practiced globally in research to improve longitudinal data collection. Organizing Construct In research studies, numerous strategies such as telephone interviews, postal mailing, online questionnaires, and electronic mail are traditionally utilized in longitudinal data collection. However, due to technological advances, novel and emerging strategies have been applied to longitudinal data collection, such as two-way short message service, smartphone applications (or 'apps'), retrieval capabilities applied to the electronic medical record, and an adapted cloud interface. In this review, traditional longitudinal data collection strategies are briefly described, emerging and novel strategies are detailed and explored, and information regarding the impact of novel methods on participant response rates, the timeliness of participant responses, and cost is provided. We further discuss how these novel and emerging strategies affect longitudinal data collection and advance research, specifically nursing research. Conclusions Evidence suggests that the novel and emerging longitudinal data collection strategies discussed in this review are valuable approaches to consider. These strategies facilitate collecting longitudinal research data to better understand a variety of health-related conditions. Future studies, including nursing research, should consider using novel and emerging strategies to advance longitudinal data collection. Clinical Relevance A better understanding of novel and emerging longitudinal data collection strategies will ultimately improve longitudinal data collection as well as foster research efforts. Nurse researchers, along with all researchers, must be aware of and consider implementing novel and emerging strategies to ensure future healthcare research success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to bring into question aspects regarding the transition from the traditional ways of communication towards new ones, based on abbreviations, or acronyms. We will start with a brief history of the emergence of a new language, the SMS language, used mainly by teenagers in the virtual environment. We will also try to explain some of the reasons that have led to this phenomenon, as well as the main functions and characteristics of this kind of writing which is in a continuous evolution, particularly among the young generations. Before concluding, we will also discuss some of the pros and cons of the SMS language, as well as its influence on learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the cyberbullying and cyberbullies. It mentions that the use of electronic (e)-mail, instant messaging, and derogatory websites to bully or otherwise harass an individual or group through personal attacks is the U.S. Legal Definition of cyberbullying. It also mentions that cyberbullying has been shown to make victims feel sad, hopeless, depressed, or harm business reputation.

Following the interaction enjoyment approach (Burleson & Denton, 1992), this investigation examined whether (a) romantic couples possess similar online communication attitudes and (b) such attitudes predict frequency of email, instant messaging, and social networking site communication between dyad members. Results indicated couples possessed similar attitudes toward online social connection but not online self-disclosure; moreover, couples' attitudes predicted media use in a communal pattern, with equivalent actor and partner effects. Attitude toward online social connection positively predicted all forms of online communication, with attitude toward online self-disclosure positively predicting social networking site communication and inversely predicting e-mail communication. One implication of these results is that relational context may moderate the extent to which individual attitudes predict media use patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why and how people choose to use a particular computer-mediated communication (CMC) technology is a major concern. This study seeks to address the issues by applying the uses and gratifications theory, and attempts to explore the general and specific gratifications sought from the use of three CMC technologies. Three separate empirical surveys were conducted to investigate the gratifications sought from social networking sites, instant messaging, and e-mail. Then factor analysis was undertaken to extract the gratifications sought from each CMC technology. The extracted gratifications sought were then compared among the three technologies for concluding the general and specific gratifications. Four general gratifications were extracted among the three CMC technologies, including relationship maintenance, information seeking, amusement, and style. Two gratifications were specific: the sociability gratification sought from using instant messaging and social networking sites; and the gratification of kill time sought from using instant messaging. Moreover, the important levels of gratifications sought from the three CMC technologies were found to be different. Our findings provide evidence to explain why not all traditional CMC technologies are replaced by innovative and advanced ones. The results of this study may be applied to CMC technology design and provide implications for future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The prevalence and nature of electronic forms of bullying (cyberbullying) was investigated among 1,530 primary and secondary school aged male students (Years 6 to 12; 9-18 years, chronologically) in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia. Findings revealed that victimization via the Internet was the most common form of cyberbullying with 11.5 percent of students reporting at least one experience of it during the school year. A significant main effect was found, with junior secondary school students (Years 8 to 10) the most likely to be victimized in this manner. With regard to the cyberbullying of others, the Internet was again the most commonly employed method, with 8.5 percent of students reporting using it. A main effect was evident between year levels for all four forms of cyberbullying investigated. The transmission of electronic images was the least reported form of cyberbullying experienced (4.8 percent) and the least frequently perpetrated form of cyberbullying (3.7 percent), which is less than the only other study conducted reporting such data. These findings are discussed in the light of the relatively limited cyberbullying research undertaken to date. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The use of Facebook is converging with the functions of e-mails and instant messaging. In the past, participants on intercultural exchange programs were temporarily cut off from familiar social surroundings. However the Internet has enabled exchange students to be in constant contact with their friends and families back home, and this is likely to impact their adjustment processes in their host countries. The purpose of this study is to understand the implications of using social networking sites, specifically Facebook, for exchange students' adjustment processes. Our study approaches this issue by exploring how students used Facebook as a tool for coping with stress and maintaining their cultural identities during their time abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tweens are a transitional age group undergoing deep physical and psychological transformations. Based on a thirteen-focus group research design involving 103 students, and applying a tweens-centered approach, the characteristics of SMS, IM, Internet, digital photos, electronic games, and email were analyzed. Categories such as moral issues, psychological and social consequences, problems/drawbacks, general benefits, and technical attributes synthesized the main characteristics attached to each form of digital technology. Their relative relevance was not gender dependent. Furthermore, tweens exhibited both metacognitive knowledge and personal epistemological observations associated with most of the digital technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The use of mobile devices are ubiquitous in medical-care professional settings, but information on privacy and security concerns of mobile devices for medical students is scarce. Aims: To gain baseline information about third-year medical students' mobile device use and knowledge of privacy and security issues concerning mobile devices. Methods: We surveyed 67 third-year medical students at a Midwestern university on their use of mobile devices and knowledge of how to protect information available through mobile devices. Students were also presented with clinical scenarios to rate their level of concern in regards to privacy and security of information. Results: The most used features of mobile devices were: voice-to-voice (100%), text messaging (SMS) (94%), Internet (76.9%), and email (69.3%). For locking of one's personal mobile phone, 54.1% never physically lock their phone, and 58% never electronically lock their personal PDA. Scenarios considering definitely privacy concerns include emailing patient information intact (66.7%), and posting de-identified information on YouTube (45.2%) or Facebook (42.2%). Conclusions: As the ease of sharing data increases with the use of mobile devices, students need more education and training on possible privacy and security risks posed with mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]