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There are so many communication schemes available today for the communication between authorized remote users and servers over an insecure network. These types of authentication schemes generally use the password for the authentication. To have the communication between remote users and servers, many researchers have proposed remote user authentication techniques using the smart card. The advantage of using the smart card is the storage availability and the computation speed. In many proposed protocols, authors argued that their protocol is secure and efficient against any type of attack. Unfortunately, many model fails against the off-line password guessing attack, and with these schemes, wrong password detection is not easy. Also, as many schemes use RSA cryptosystem to offer the authentication, it adds computational overhead to system which is not suitable for the smart card applications. In this paper, efficient smart card-based authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed. This proposed scheme has faster computation as compared to the available schemes, and it is secure against variable attacks.

IoT is spreading rapidly from industry to domestic application such as home automation and gathering sensitive data through IoT devices hence the security of these devices and the data transmission is of great importance. Because of the resource constraint devices, lightweight cryptographic protocol plays an important role. Therefore, implementing the zero-knowledge proof along with the hyper elliptic curve cryptography enhances the security and efficiency in the resource constraint devices.

In recent years, Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) applications are attracting many users and merchants to conduct their daily business online which includes payment of bills, online banking, buying tickets and purchasing goods etc. E-commerce transaction security is a major concern for E-commerce websites along with its customers. The basic requirements for any E-commerce transaction are privacy, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. In this paper, a transaction processing system (TPS) for E-commerce by using a Blockchain technology, zero-knowledge proof and modified elliptic curve cryptography encryption is proposed. Also a denial of service attack detection model for the E-commerce system is proposed which take care of the DoS attack during E-commerce transactions.

In the public key cryptography infrastructure of electronic commerce (E-commerce), use of the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithm is very common. Due to the security requirements, the necessary key size of RSA is increasing exponentially. Because of this large key size, it is not convenient to use RSA in resource-constrained applications where computational speed, storage and bandwidth are limited. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is the best alternative to the traditional RSA. ECC provides the same level of security as RSA but with reduced key size. The most important factor in the use of ECC is the selection of the correct elliptic curve. There are different types of elliptic curves suggested by various standards. The selection of the curve is dependent on various parameters, such as prime field size, the shape of the curve, etc. In this paper, sets of elliptic curves recommended by different standards for cryptography are selected, and the selected curves are analysed, focusing on the performance and security features. The performance of each curve is measured in terms of computation time. The analysis is performed by considering each curve for the implementation of the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) algorithm and the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). The comparative table of selected curves is arranged according to the computation time taken by each curve to perform various operations when used for the ECC algorithms.