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These papers, presented during the 1981 convention of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, addressed eight major topics: (1) the physical education and sport profession in Canada; (2) physical fitness (community agencies, radiology, aging and physical activity, the effective physical education program, aerobic fitness, obesity in elementary school, lifetime fitness); (3) motor learning (task difficulty and activity selection); (4) elite athletics (subsidization of athletes, education and training of the highly talented athlete, an analysis of wheelchairs used at the 1980 Olympic Games for the Disabled); (5) the male dancer and homosexuality; (6) administration (the study of physical education and sport administration, formal and informal structure usage in a voluntary sport organization); (7) history of British Columbia's Provincial Recreation program; and (8) curriculum (Japanese judo in the high school required physical education curriculum, and theory and practice of curriculum implementation). (JD)

This submission contains the Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group (CMESG), held at Laval University in Québec City, Québec. The CMESG is a group of mathematicians and mathematics educators who meet annually to discuss mathematics education issues at all levels of learning. The aims of the Study Group are: to advance education by organizing and coordinating national conferences and seminars to study and improve the theories of the study of mathematics or any other aspects of mathematics education in Canada at all levels; and to undertake research in mathematics education and to disseminate the results of this research. These proceedings include plenary lectures, a panel discussion, working group reports, topic session descriptions, new PhD reports, and summaries of ad hoc and poster sessions. Papers include: (1) Towards an Understanding of Ethical Practical Action in Mathematics Education: Insights from Contemporary Inquiries (Margaret Walshaw); (2) Old and New Mathematical Ideas from Africa: Challenges for Reflection (Paulus Gerdes); (3) Cooda, Wooda, Didda, Shooda: Time Series Reflections on CMESG/GCEDM (William Higginson); (4) Panel: What is Fundamental Mathematics for Learners? (Elaine Simmt, Darien Allan, Ralph Mason, Ruth Beatty, Peter Taylor, and Hélène Paradis); (5) Numeracy: Goals, Affordances, and Challenges (France Caron and Peter Liljedahl); (6) Diversities in Mathematics and their Relation to Equity (Beverly Caswell and David Wagner); (7) Technology and Mathematics Teachers (K-16) / La technologie et l'enseignant mathématique (K-16) (Chantal Buteau and Nathalie Sinclair); (8) La preuve en mathématiques et en classe / Proof in Mathematics and in Schools (David Reid and Denis Tanguay); (9) The Role of Text/books in the Mathematics Classroom / Le rôle des manuels scolaires dans la classe de mathématiques (Peter Appelbaum and Susan Gerofsky); (10) Preparing Teachers to Develop Algebraic Thinking in Primary and Secondary School / Préparer les enseignants au développement de la pensée algébrique au primaire et au secondaire (Hassane Squalli, Chris Suurtamm, and Viktor Freiman); (11) Collaboration Between Research in Mathematics Education and Teaching Mathematics: Case Study of Teaching Infinity in Calculus (Miroslav Lovric); (12) Dialogue sur la lecture de textes historiques dans la classe de mathématiques / Dialogue on Reading Original Texts in the Mathematics Classroom (Louis Charbonneau and David Guillemette) [Written in French]; (13) Teaching Toward Equity in Mathematics (Beverly Caswell); (14) Inequalities in the History of Mathematics: From Peculiarities to a Hard Discipline (Elena Halmaghi); (15) The Study of On-line Situations of Validation Experienced by 13- and 14-year-old Students With and Without the Aid of an Electronic Forum (Manon Leblanc); (16) Institutional Acculturation of the Researcher, Teacher, and Secondary 1 Students with Learning Difficulties in Problem Situations Involving Rational Numbers / Les effets d'une démarche d'acculturation sur l'action didactique conjointe de l'enseignant, des élèves et du chercheur, dans l'enseignement/apprentissage des nombres rationnels auprès d'élèves en difficultés d'apprentissage (Geneviève Lessard) [Written in French]; (17) Mathematics Education: An Aporetic of Epistemology, Language and Ethics (Jean-François Maheux); (18) Diverse Perspectives on Teaching "Math for Teachers": Living the Tensions (Susan Oesterle); (19) Conversations Held and Roles Played During Mathematics Teachers' Collaborative Design: Two Dimensions of Interaction (Armando Paulino Preciado Babb); (20) The Ordinary Yet Extraordinary Emotions and Motives of Preservice Mathematics Teachers (Oana Radu); (21) Élaboration et analyse d'une intervention didactique, co-construite entre chercheur et enseignant, visant le développement d'un contrôle sur l'activité mathématique chez les élèves du secondaire / Development and Analysis of a Didactic Intervention, Co-constructed Between Researcher and Teacher For the Development of a Control of the Mathematical Activity Among High School Students (Mireille Saboya) [Written in French]; (22) Publishing in the Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education (Olive Chapman and Margaret Walshaw); (23) Is It Possible to Measure the Effectiveness of a Specific Approach to Teaching Foundations Mathematics in a Post-Secondary Setting? / Est-il possible de mesurer l'efficacité d'une approche spécifique à l'enseignement mathématiques fondations dans un cadre de post-secondaire? (Taras Gula); (24) Challenges in Supporting Mathematics Teachers to Develop Their Teaching Practices (Lionel Lacroix); (25) Rapport sur le ad hoc éthique et éducation mathématique / Report on the Ethics and Mathematics Education Ad Hoc (Jean-François Maheux); (26) Reading Biographies and Autobiographies of Mathematicians: What Do They Tell Us About the Subject of Mathematics? (Veda Roodal Persad); (27) Online Environments for Mathematics Sharing and Collaboration (Geoffrey Roulet); (28) Ad Hoc Session on Planning for the Next Canadian Math Education Forum (CMEF) to be Held in May 2014 (Peter Taylor); (29) Preservice Elementary Teachers' Beliefs Toward Mathematics and Mathematics Teaching (Sean Beaudette, Alexandra Penn, and Geoffrey Roulet); (30) Gearing Up For Grade 9: A Learning Object (Laura Broley); (31) Students' Perceptions of the Role of Theory and Examples in College Level Mathematics (Dalia Challita and Nadia Hardy); (32) Une expérimentation de pratiques gagnantes en enseignement des mathématiques / An Experiment with Successful Practices in Mathematics Teaching (Lucie Deblois); (33) Blended Mathematical Collaboration Using a Wiki, Geogebra and Jing (Jill Lazarus and Geoffrey Roulet); (34) Some Things Technologies Can Tell Us About Technologies: An Instrumented Analysis of Two Successive Mathematics Curricula (Jean-François Maheux and Fabienne Venant); (35) Investigating the Teaching Practices of a Group of Mathematics Graduate Students (Tod L. Shockey and Sibylle Weck-Schwarz); (36) Mathematics For Young Children: Exploring What is Possible in Early Mathematics Education? (Diane Tepylo, Joan Moss, Catherine Bruce, Tara Flynn, Diana Chang, and Zachary Hawes); and (37) Mise à l'essai d'une situation d'enseignement-apprentissage en lien avec le métier du scénographe pour favoriser l'engagement mathématique des élèves du 1er cycle du secondaire (Josianne Trudel) [Written in French]. Appended are: (1) Working Groups at Each Annual Meeting; (2) Plenary Lectures at Each Annual Meeting; and (3) Proceedings of Annual Meetings. Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures. [For the 2011 proceedings, see ED547245.]

The "International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. It contains the following papers: (1) Teacher Perceptions of Authentic Pedagogy: A Case Study of Professional Development in an African American High School's Government Class (Christopher Andrew Brkich); (2) Characteristics of Effective Secondary Level History Teachers (Brad Burenheide); (3) Teaching Secondary Social Studies in Inner-City Schools (Chris Busey); (4) Using the 2008 Election to Teach Political and Social Concepts (Chris Busey and Stewart Waters); (5) Culturally Responsible Teaching: A Pedagogical Approach for the Social Studies Classroom (Brandon M. Butler and Alexander Cuenca); (6) The Battle for Stalingrad: An Interactive Approach towards Learning about World War Two (Jeff Byford); (7) Are We Ready for Another Curriculum Revolution? Evaluating the Strength and Weaknesses of the New Social Studies Projects (Jeffrey Byford, Eddie Thompson, and Cody Lawson); (8) Whitewashed: Social Studies and Raceless Pedagogies (Prentice T. Chandler); (9) Social Studies Professors Theorizing: Insights from Two Decades of Deliberation and Collaboration (Richard H. Chant and Jeffrey Cornett); (10) Revisiting Political Socialization in Secondary Education: A Study of Government Classes in Three Demographically Diverse Schools during the 2008 Presidential Election (Wayne Journell); (11) Heritage Language Learners and the Social Sciences (Christopher John Kazanjian); (12) Global Citizenship Education in the Classroom: A Collaborative Canadian Study (Marianne Larsen); (13) Thematic World History: A Defense and Field Report (Christopher Dean Lee); (14) Utilizing a Personality Template in Differentiating Potential Teaching Styles of Pre-Service Teachers (Sean M. Lennon and Jeff Byford); (15) Who's Responsible for Citizenship Education? Views from Pre-service Educators (Leisa A. Martin); (16) SHOW & TELL: Choosing Appropriate Scaffolding Techniques to Make Social Studies Concepts Comprehensible to English Language Learners (Joyce Nutta and Carine Strebel); (17) Integrating Technology into Teaching Social Studies Methods Course: A Classroom Example (James Oigara); (18) You Tube as a Learning Tool (Russell Owens and Barbara Fralinger); (19) A Case for Infusing Content on Students with Disabilities into Social Studies Teacher Preparation Programs (Kimberly Pawling); (20) Universal Design for Learning in the Social Studies Classroom (Kimberly Pawling); (21) Thinking Critically or Thinking or Thinking Historically: Which Objective do we choose in Secondary History Classrooms? (Anthony Pellegrino); (22) Got History? An Examination of Attitudes, Content Knowledge, and Perceptions Related to Historical Fiction in a Children's Literature Pre-service Course (Sherron Killingsworth Roberts, Vicky Zygouris-Coe, and Patricia Crawford); (23) Enhancing History Instruction with Online Auctions (Kirk Robinson and Scott M. Waring); (24) Utilizing Film to Teach Social Issues (William B. Russell III); (25) Images of the Holocaust: Using Holocaust Art to Promote Higher Order Thinking Skills (William B. Russell III and Stewart Waters); (26) Talkin' the Talk and Walkin' the Walk: The NCSS Position Statements Regarding Controversial Issues Instruction (Kimberlee Sharp); (27) Cross-Border Education: A Basis for Wider Cross-Cultural Communication between Thailand and Cambodia (Sunida Siwapathomchai); (28) Identifying Culturally Responsive Practices in Classrooms Serving Haitian and Haitian American Students (Martha Scott Lue Stewart, Kevin Meehan, and Rosalyn Howard); (29) An International Model: Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Cultural Diversity (Brenda S. Thompson); (30) Making the Most of Existing Technology in the Elementary and Middle Grades Social Studies Classroom (Scott M. Waring and Amy J. Good); (31) U.S. Monuments and Memorials: Incorporating the Art of Remembering into the Social Studies Curriculum (Stewart Waters); (32) Promoting Global Citizenship by Analyzing Social Issues and Human Rights Violations of the WWII Era (Stewart Waters and William B. Russell III); (33) Using Digital Storytelling for Vocabulary Instruction (Susan Wegmann); and (34) Film, Arts and Culture as Community Outreach Tools: Perspectives from Singapore (Victor Yu). (Individual papers contain references.)

This document contains the second volume of the proceedings of the 29th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Conference papers are centered around the theme of "Learners and Learning Environments." This volume features 43 research reports by presenters with last names beginning between Adl and Fre: (1) Working with Learners' Mathematics: Exploring a Key Element of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (Jill Adler, Zain Davis, Mercy Kazima, Diane Parker, and Lyn Webb); (2) A Comparison between Teachers' and Pupils' Tendency to Use a Representativeness Heuristic (Thekla Afantiti-Lamprianou, Julian S. Williams, and Iasonas Lamprianou); (3) Purposeful Task Design and the Emergence of Transparency (Janet G. Ainley, Liz Bills, and Kirsty Wilson); (4) A Developmental Model for Proportional Reasoning in Ratio Comparison Tasks (Silvia Alatorre and Olimpia Figueras); (5) Referential and Syntactic Approaches to Proof: Case Studies from a Transition Course (Lara Alcock and Keith Weber); (6) Teachers' Beliefs about Students' Development of the Pre-Algebraic Concept of Equation (Vassiliki Alexandrou-Leonidou and George N. Philippou); (7) Developing Students' Understanding of the Concept of Fractions as Numbers (Solange Amorim Amato); (8) Multiple Representations in 8th Grade Algebra Lessons: Are Learners Really Getting It? (Miriam Amit and Michael N. Fried); (9) Reform-Oriented Teaching Practices: A Survey of Primary School Teachers (Judy Anderson and Janette Bobis); (10) The Genesis of Signs by Gestures: The Case of Gustavo (Ferdinando Arzarello, Francesca Ferrara, Ornella Robutti, and Domingo Paola); (11) Students' Experience of Equivalence Relations: A Phenomenological Approach (Amir H. Asghari and David Tall); (12) How Series Problems Integrating Geometric and Arithmetic Schemes Influence Prospective Secondary Teachers' Pedagogical Understanding (Leslie Aspinwall, Kenneth L. Shaw, and Hasan Unal); (13) Dealing with Learning in Practice: Tools for Managing the Complexity of Teaching and Learning (Sikunder Ali Baber and Bettina Dahl); (14) Situations of Psychological Cognitive No-Growth (Roberto R. Baldino and Tania C. B. Cabral); (15) Good CAS Written Records: Insight from Teachers (Lynda Ball and Kaye Stacey); (16) Developing Procedure and Structure Sense of Arithmetic Expressions (Rakhi Banerjee and K. Subramaniam); (17) Struggling with Variables, Parameters, and Indeterminate Objects, or How to Go Insane in Mathematics (Caroline Bardini, Luis Radford, and Cristina Sabena); (18) Exploring How Power is Enacted in Small Groups (Mary Barnes); (19) A Framework for the Comparison of PME Research into Multilingual Mathematics Education in Different Sociolinguistic Settings (Richard Barwell); (20) Vygotsky's Theory of Concept Formation and Mathematics Education (Margot Berger); (21) Preservice Teachers' Understandings of Relational and Instrumental Understanding (Kim Beswick); (22) The Transformation of Mathematics in On-Line Courses (Marcelo C. Borba); (23) Using Cognitive and Situated Perspectives to Understand Teacher Interactions with Learner Errors (Karin Brodie); (24) Identification of Affordances of a Technology-Rich Teaching and Learning Environment (TRTLE) (Jill P. Brown); (25) The "A4-Project": Statistical World Views Expressed through Pictures (Michael Bulmer and Katrin Rolka); (26) A Whole-School Approach to Developing Mental Computation Strategies (Rosemary Callingham); (27) A Comparison of Perceived Parental Influence on Mathematics Learning among Students in China and Australia (Zhongjun Cao, Helen Forgasz, and Alan Bishop); (28) Using Word Problems in Malaysian Mathematics Education: Looking beneath the Surface (Kah Yein Chan and Judith Mousley); (29) Constructing Pedagogical Knowledge of Problem Solving: Preservice Mathematics Teachers (Olive Chapman); (30) Revisiting a Theoretical Model on Fractions: Implications for Teaching and Research (Charalambos Y. Charalambous and Demetra Pitta-Pantazi); (31) Students' Reflection on Their Sociomathematical Small-Group Interaction: A Case Study (Petros Chaviaris and Sonia Kafoussi); (32) Investigating Teachers' Responses to Student Misconceptions (Helen L. Chick and Monica K. Baker); (33) Studying the Distribution of Responsibility for the Generation of Knowledge in Mathematics Classrooms in Hong Kong, Melbourne, San Diego and Shanghai (David Clarke and Lay Hoon Seah); (34) Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Teaching Relationships in Three Mathematics Classrooms in Remote Queensland (Tom J. Cooper, Annette R. Baturo, and Elizabeth Warren); (35) Exploring the Strategies Used by Grade 1 to 3 Children through Visual Prompts, Symbols and Worded Problems: A Case for a Learning Pathway for Number (Ty Corvell Cranfield, Cally Kuhne, and Gary Powell); (36) Primary Students' Knowledge of the Properties of Spatially-Oriented Diagrams (Carmel Diezmann); (37) A Conceptual Framework for Studying Teacher Preparation: The Pirie-Kieren Model, Collective Understanding, and Metaphor (Maria A. Droujkova, Sarah B. Berenson, Kelli Slaten, and Sue Tombes); (38) Mathematical Modelling with 9-Year-Olds (Lyn English and James Watters); (39) Exploring "Lesson Study" in Teacher Preparation (Maria L. Fernandez); (40) Child-Initiated Mathematical Patterning in the Pre-Compulsory Years (Jillian Fox); (41) The Tacit-Explicit Nature of Students' Knowledge: A Case Study on Area Measurement (Cristina Frade); (42) Teachers as Interns in Informal Mathematics Research (John M. Francisco and Carolyn A. Maher); and (43) Exploring Excellence and Equity within Canadian Mathematics Classrooms (George Frempong). (Individual papers contain references.)

The Conference proceedings include an Introduction by Demetrios Papademetriou. Two panels presented speakers as follows: Panel I: Elementary and Secondary (K-12) Education: (1) Immigrant Integration and "Bilingual" Education (Alec Ian Gershberg); (2) Absent Policies: Canadian Strategies for the Education and Integration of Immigrant Children and Youth (Fariborz Birjandian); (3) Commentary: Policies in the United States (Margaret McHugh); (4) Commentary: Policies in Canada (Charles Ungerleider). Panel II: Adult Literacy and Workforce Training: (5) Adult Literacy and Workforce Training in the United States (Heide Spruck Wrigley); (6) The Role of Colleges in Integrating Internationally Trained Immigrants (Sabra Desai); (7) Commentary: Policies in the United States (B. Lindsay Lowell); (8) Commentary: Policies in Canada (Howard Duncan). The Keynote Address: Immigration and Diversity in Ontario (Dr. Marie Bountrogianni). [These proceedings also produced by Migration Policy Institute.]

In 1998, the British Columbia Teachers' Federation (BCTF) appointed an eight-member task force to investigate the effectiveness of the education system for First Nations students. The task force report and recommendations are intended to serve several groups of Aboriginal students: First Nations students, with or without status under Canada's Indian Act, who live on or off reserves in rural and urban areas, as well as Metis students. Many Aboriginal students are not achieving success in the public schools, for reasons related to the history of Canada's treatment of Aboriginal peoples, to poverty, and to the failure of public schools to value indigenous cultures. The task force recognizes that each child has a gift that must be looked for and nurtured. To contribute to the success of Aboriginal students, the task force proposed numerous recommendations to the BCTF. Each is accompanied by a supporting statement and the outcome in the 1999 BCTF annual general meeting. Recommendations are in six categories: those specific to BCTF goals and programs, development of teacher awareness and commitment, school support for Aboriginal students, culturally relevant curriculum and materials, elimination of racism in schools, and funding and governance (involvement of Aboriginal parents and communities). An appendix, "Summary Report of Selected First Nations Education Documents" (Deborah Jeffrey), reviews seven reports on Aboriginal education in Canada, published 1967-98. (SV)

Nine conference papers examine educational administration in Canada and England. Three papers present the results of survey research on rural principals' reactions to decentralized budgeting in Saskatchewan (Canada), the impact of local government reforms on local educational services in England, and the effects of principals' leadership styles on teachers' job satisfaction, satisfaction with supervision, and participation in decision-making. Another paper proposes research using videotapes to discover whether classroom supervision focuses on the teacher, the student, or both. One author discusses the questions of what schools do and how and why they do it, as an aid to administrators seeking to identify the larger goals of educational administration. Two papers tell of events in Canada, the first recounting a school closing in Manitoba and the second describing a school-community project in northern Alberta. Problems of research methodology are examined in a paper describing participant-observation research in a secondary school in England, and another author proposes a theoretical model of collective bargaining. (RW)

Papers on school libraries which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "School Libraries: Bridges or Barriers?" (Gwen Gawith, New Zealand); (2) "The Guidance on Reading and Information Skills in School Libraries--Japan's Case" (Ikuko Koyama, Japan); (3) "Present Status and Problems of School Libraries in Japan--In Order to Achieve Educational Excellence" (Yoshiro Kasahara, Japan); (4) "From CHIFLA to Section of Children's Libraries--Past, Present, and Future of IFLA's Section of Children's Libraries" (Lena Skoglund, Sweden); (5) "Education and Training of Librarians in Children's Librarianship" (Lena Skoglund, Sweden); (6) "The Objectives of Children's Libraries in Scandinavia Based on the Situation in Denmark" (Eva Glistrup, Denmark); (7) "Opening a Big Window for Each Child: A Report on the Bunko--Children's Library Movement by Local Volunteers" (Ikuko Suyehiro, Japan); and (8) "Children's Libraries in Japan--Progress and Problems" (Yasuko Nakata, Japan). A script for a slide presentation, "How a Typical Canadian Elementary School Library Is Run in a Busy Metropolitan Area," by Anne M. Galler of Canada, is also included. (KM)

This volume contains 11 selected papers from the first Mokakit conference on Indian education in Canada. Mokakit, a Blackfoot word meaning "to strive for wisdom," was selected as the name of the sponsoring organization, which promotes the participation of Indians at all levels of educational research. Papers include: (1) "Locally Developed Native Studies Curriculum: An Historical and Philosophical Rationale" (J. Archibald); (2) "Teachers' Attitudes toward the Oral English of Indigenous Children in Saskatchewan and Queensland" (H. Blair); (3) "1981 Census Perspective Planning for Native Language Programs" (B. Burnaby); (4) "Research on Indian Intelligence Testing: Review and Prospects" (R. Chrisjohn and C. Lanigan); (5) "'Silence Won't Get You Anywhere'" (M. Dielman); (6) "Native Indian Education and Clinical Supervision" (R. Este); (7) "Indian Control of Indian Education: Over a Decade Later" (V. Kirkness); (8) "Testing, Assessment Research, and Increased Control by Native Communities" (D. McShane); (9) "Quality of Education of Native Indian Students in Canada" (A. More); (10) "The Relationship between Academic Achievement and Teacher Expectations of Native Children in a Northern Manitoba Community School" (W. Rampaul, M. Singh, and J. Didyk); and (11) "The Mt. Currie Indian Community School: Innovation and Endurance" (J. Wyatt-Benyon). (SV)

Situational studies comprised one part of a multiperspective approach to evaluation of the social studies curriculum in British Columbia, Canada. Situational studies were defined as settings in which daily interactions occurred among the subjects, and were based on two suppositions; that the interaction of students and educators created social studies programs, and that individuals brought to their situations experiences and motives which influenced their views of school programs. Five settings were chosen, based on the following criteria: a cross section of elementary and secondary schools; a good mix of teachers and administrators; and pupils drawn from grades 4, 8, and 12. Evaluation methods included interviews, observation, school visitation, and mail or telephone follow-up. Implications of using situational studies include: the complementary aspect to factual testing; the appreciation of subjective impressions; and the introduction of sociological and anthropological methodologies to curriculum evaluation. (MH)

The findings of a computer model designed to project the number and educational profile of young people leaving the school system to enter the labor force in Canada in the 1980's are reported. The four-tiered computer model utilized in the study projects elementary-secondary enrollment, college and university enrollment, "leavers" from the secondary school system, and "leavers" from the post-secondary system. The number and educational profile of young people in Canada has changed dramatically in recent years. A rapid increase in the number who are highly educated, combined with a decline in "new" jobs in the public sector, has caused unemployment and underemployment among some graduates, particularly in the humanities and social and behavioral sciences. The number of college and university graduates is expected to remain high until at least the mid-1980's. The labor market situation for some graduates may not improve until after that time. It is suggested that to aid students in the transition from school to the labor market, and to foster realistic student expectations, Canadian universities may want to improve their understanding of labor market conditions. Institutional researchers, as part of the planning system, could actively participate in this process. (SW)

Thirteen essays discussing how teachers are trained to teach geography in various countries are presented. The papers are: "Teacher Education in Geography: The Comparative View" (W. E. Marsden); "The Training of Geography Teachers in the People's Republic of Bulgaria" (Paulina Vekilska and Dimitar Kantchev); "Note Sur la Formation des Maitres Enseignant la Geographie en France" (Jacques Bethemont; in French); "Geography and Teacher Training in Canada" (Dennis Milburn); "Educating Geography Teachers: The Experience of England and Wales" (Norman Graves); "Teacher Education in Geography: The New Zealand Model in the Eighties" (John MaCauley); "Teacher Education in Geography in the Republic of Ireland" (P. McGloin and J. Heywood); "Teacher Education for Australian Geography Teachers" (Rod Gerber); "Geography Teacher Education Programme in Nigerian Universities and Implications for Secondary School Geography" (Julie Okpala); "Geographical Teacher Education Models in West Berlin" (Joachim Barth); "Geography Teacher Education in West Germany with Special Reference to Rheinland-Pfalz" (Hans-Martin Closs); "Teacher Education in Geography in the United States" (Barbara Winston); and "The System of Preparing Students at the Pedagogical Institutes for Geography Teaching, USSR" (Lydia Pancheshnikova). (RM)