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Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) is proposed as a suitable diagnostic method in this paper for implementation on energized oil-paper insulation systems. In present FDS tests, the measurement method is only designed for offline applications. To overcome the deficiencies with the offline testing, this work investigates the feasibility of performing FDS measurements on energized transformers with the view to developing an online diagnostic tool using neutral connections as injection and measurement paths. In the proposed technique, a low-pass filter system is designed to remove the high frequency noise as well as the power frequency signals present in the measured neutral currents. The technique has been successfully applied in a laboratory environment on transformers with oil-paper insulation systems with different operational ages and is feasible for single-phase as well as 3-phase transformers with the accessible neutral points. Compared with the conventional FDS results, a nonlinear dielectric phenomenon is observed from the energized insulation systems as higher dissipation factor Tanδ values primarily due to the increased losses under power frequency voltage excitation. The degree of the nonlinearity is found to correlate well with the degradation status of insulation systems under test.

This study investigated technologies related to a smart-card display and its wireless charging system, where the wireless receiver in the smart card receives not only the data but also the power required for the display circuitry. The goal of this research was to achieve the required energy transfer during the extremely short reading time when a person swipes his or her smart card. This paper describes the design considerations and the analysis procedures of the transmitter and receiver pair for an electronic paper (E-paper) display. A series of magnetic simulations as well as experimental tests were conducted to investigate the various design factors. The design considerations included the shape and effect of using ferromagnetic cores, the component design for frequency tuning, the geometric arrangements, and the number of turns of the coils. A novel design for power transmission is then proposed using a ferromagnetic core to enhance its energy efficiency. In experiments the transmitter unit prov...

The capacitively-coupled wireless power transmitting system which provides a wide power-supply position was developed to realize a battery-less electronic paper. The high frequency, 13.56 MHz, was employed and the frequency was modulated to keep the resonant conditions. The special electrode configuration and circuit to suppress EMI were revealed.

In paper microfluidics, the development of smart and versatile switches is critical for the regulation of fluid flow across multiple channels. Past approaches in creating switches are limited by long response times, large actuation fluid volumes, and use of external control circuitry. We seek to mitigate these difficulties through the development of a unique actuator device made entirely out of chromatography paper and incorporated with folds. Selective wetting of the fold with an actuation fluid, either at the crest or trough, serves to raise or lower the actuator's tip and thus engage or break the fluidic contact between channels. Here the actuator's response time is dramatically reduced (within two seconds from wetting) and a very small volume of actuation fluid is consumed (four microliters). Using this actuation principle, we implement six switch configurations which can be grouped as single-pole single-throw (normally OFF and normally ON) and single-pole double-throw (with single and double break). By employing six actuators in parallel, an autonomous colorimetric assay is built to detect the presence of three analytes - glucose, protein, and nitrite - in artificial saliva. Finally, this work brings the concept of origami to paper microfluidics where multiple-fold geometries can be exploited for programmable switching of fluidic connections.

The article presents 12.5 Gbit/s Physical Media Attachment (PMA) units, TX and RX, fabricated in 90 nm bulk CMOS process. The PMA are designed for use in SpaceFibre/GigaSpaceWire (SpaceWire-RUS) systems for the space radars. The units comprise SERDES and clock and data recovery (CDR). Supported set of data rates includes those of 1.25, 2.5, 6.25 and 12.5 Gbit/s, but intermediate rates are also available.

Recent research activities in the area of low-cost sensing and diagnostics that are realized on cellulosic paper substrate are presented. First a three-dimensional origami paper-based analytical device (omPAD) with multiple electrochemical sensors, an integrated sample reservoir and tight integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat is presented. Second, an optical sensor array with built-in microfluidic channel for sample delivery is presented. The sensors are fabricated using a combination of wax printing and screen-printing using a solution based approach in ambient conditions without the need for expensive fabrication equipment or a cleanroom. Readout is based on using existing consumer grade electronic devices like flatbed scanner (for optical sensor) or custom designed CMOS potentiostat (for electrochemical sensors). Together the 3D paper-based analytical device with integrated sensor, microfluidics and portable readout instrumentation demonstrates a low-cost, self-contained system suitable for sensing and point-of-care diagnostics.

The thin and flexible LSI driver with a thickness of less than 40μm for passive-matrix driven Quick-Response Liquid Powder Display (QR-LPD™) was successfully mounted onto the flexible printed circuit (FPC). The mounted LSI on the plastic substrate shows no significant degradation in the driving performances and keeps physical flexibility without any failures of connection. This technology can realize the fully flexible electronic paper in combination with a plastic substrate QR-LPD™ fabricated by roll-to-roll process.

This paper presents our initial efforts towards the development of screen printed sensors on folded paper substrates for multi-modal sensing of biopotentials, wetness, and pressure. These sensors contain three layers of sensing stripes forming a 16-pixel array where various layers are utilized for different sensing modalities. The performance of the paper-based sensors was assessed. The sensors were shown to exhibit a linear capacitive response to changes in force, as well as a decrease in impedance in the presence of wetness. We discuss the integration of these low-cost and partially disposable paper-based sensors into a wearable diaper system for Bluetooth-based wireless heart rate monitoring, respiratory rate tracking and urination frequency and amount detection.

This paper presents the design and implementation in paper substrate of a harmonic RFID chipless sensing tag. The proposed sensor is based on a Wheatstone bridge, where two of the four impedances change dynamically according to a physical parameter that has to be monitored. The passive tag is interrogated by a signal at f 0 = 1.04 GHz and the signal transmitted back to the reader at 2f 0 = 2.08 GHz is proportional to the magnitude of the parameter variation. A harmonic RFID experiment proves that this kind of architecture is capable of providing a dynamic range of more than 40 dB.

This paper investigates an optimization of the conventional relay selection for multirelay environments. In contrast with previously reported selection schemes, where a selected relay accesses the channel in a dedicated cooperative slot, the proposed scheme recovers the bandwidth loss of the half-duplex constraint by allowing two relays to simultaneously access the channels. Based on an appropriate dirty-paper coding (DPC) technique among relays, the proposed scheme enables a relay to establish communication with the destination at the same time that another relay forwards the data from the source. It is proven that the interplay between relay selection and the superposition DPC weight factor provides a tradeoff between relaying and new data performance. Hence, an appropriate codesign of the superposition DPC parameter and opportunistic relay selection can achieve efficient communication for the new data without affecting the relaying performance. The proposed scheme is compared with conventional relaying approaches, and its enhancements are provided through theoretical studies and numerical results.

This paper collates design concepts of low-power gate driver circuits, and our related work is reviewed. Many approaches to power consumption amelioration have been developed and focus on different parts of circuit structures. Recently, low-frequency clock signals are adopted to further reduce both power consumption and thin-film transistor (TFT) threshold voltage shifts (ΔVTH).

A 3D Stereoscopic Head-Up Display (HUD) using a tunable bandpass filter to perform left and right image spectral separation is presented. Using a single filter reduces the size and the cost of the HUD optical engine, and enables each spectral band to be accurately tuned. Experiments performed on the first prototype demonstrates the ability to continuously tune the bandpass frequency on 30 nm range while keeping a 20 nm bandwidth. Such a system avoids the use of a bulky and costly rotating wheel and enables the use of Holographic Optical Elements known to be wavelength selective.

We propose a novel pixel circuit using source-follower structure to be independent of frequency effect of blue-phase liquid crystal displays (BPLCDs). Simulation results indicated that required gray-level-voltages across the BPLC could be achieved accurately when a proper threshold voltage of the driving TFT was chosen. We also successfully fabricated a 12.7-inch prototype BPLCD using the proposed pixel circuit driven with a field-sequential-color method of 240 Hz.

PurposeTo consider the various aspects of this emerging market and to query the traditional view of thick film deposition and processing for successful flexible electronic production.Design/methodology/approachThe current status of flexible electronics is reviewed with particular emphasis on emerging rather than established technologies. New techniques and applications are also discussed. Material and processing developments are also required to meet the new challenges and current developments and future needs are discussed.FindingsMass production of flexible electronic circuits using processing techniques that are more akin to the newspaper printing industry is under way. Much development of both materials and processing is required but needs in the radio frequency identification, renewable energy and display markets among others justify the investment.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the wide range of new applications there is a lack of detail in this review that will necessitate further reading.Practical implicationsThere will need to be a change of thinking in the processing and material choice used in mass production of flexible electronics by any large volume manufacturer of traditional circuits on rigid substrates. Existing, new materials need development for electrical characteristics and ease of use. New materials will undoubtedly be required.Originality/valueThis paper raises awareness and technical issues surrounding emerging technologies.

A complete model for the internal particle distribution of electrophoretic image displays (EPIDs) is presented. From this model, simulation formulas for electrical and optical properties are calculated. These formulas incorporate both time dependence and voltage dependence. They make it possible to optimize display properties since the model is built up with physical parameters. Results are shown that prove that this model is indeed capable of complete optical and electrical transient simulation. The importance of centrifugation during display manufacturing is proven as a way to improve the switching speed of the display.

The Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) is an electronic display device based on LCD or electronic paper. In this work, we focus on the application of electronic paper display in ESL. We Put forward a kind of driver interface circuit from the electronic shelf label architecture and principle of electronic paper display controller and driver chip; Combined with electronic paper waveforms and SDRAM, we catch the design points of the driver and process; The scheme has been proved to achieve the image display and update with a good reading experience as traditional paper, so it has certain reference significance for electronic shelf label design, and will be beneficial to the popularity of electronic paper application and promotion.

Air-gap discharge in oil-paper insulation is one of the main types of partial discharge (PD) in power transformer. The discharge development stage for monitoring and diagnosis of transformer potential faults is a significant area of study. The method of wavelet packet energy entropy, which is based on different frequency bands energy distribution of PD signals at different insulation states, is provided to explore the variation characteristics of the whole PD process. In this paper, air-gap discharge model is built in the simulative transformer tank that collects PD signals based on constant voltage method. This model also utilizes wavelet packet decomposition method to partition PD signal bands obtaining signal energy distribution in each frequency band, as well as total signal energy tendency along with PD development process. Wavelet packet energy entropy, which is the new PD feature parameter describing the development process, represents the order degree of PD signals which corresponds to dielectric strength. Finally, because of the cyclic change of this method, the step points of wavelet packet entropy are taken as the way to effectively divide the PD development stage.

The service life of a transformer is determined by the condition of its oil–paper insulation. A modified Cole–Cole model was introduced to describe the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) curves based on the classic Debye relaxation model and thereby accurately determined the ageing state of the insulation of a power transformer using FDS. Oil–paper insulation samples with different ageing states are prepared under laboratory conditions, and a characteristic parameter is extracted to quantify their ageing states after a detailed investigation of the frequency domain dielectric properties of the samples. Results reveal that the modified Cole–Cole model, including the α relaxation components, dc and hopping conductivity components, can be employed to effectively model the frequency dielectric characteristics of oil–paper insulation. Furthermore, the extracted characteristic parameter from this model, τα, can be utilized in the quantitative evaluation of the ageing states of transformer insulation. A case example is discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique in the condition assessment of field power transformers.

A universal column driver is implemented in a 0.13-µm highvoltage CMOS process for not only TFT-LCD but also OLED applications. The proposed column driver employs 13-bit linear DAC to cover all gamma curves of display applications and address-based configuration for intra- panel interface protocol to support both TV and IT applications. Measured results demonstrate the average voltage of output channels (AVO) is under 1mv, which satisfies 1-LSB resolution at 18.5V of AVDD.

Multi-step analytical tests, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), require delivery of multiple fluids into a reaction zone and counting the incubation time at different steps. This paper presents a new type of paper-based magnetic valves that can count the time and turn on or off a fluidic flow accordingly, enabling timed fluid control in paper-based microfluidics. The timing capability of these valves is realized using a paper timing channel with an ionic resistor, which can detect the event of a solution flowing through the resistor and trigger an electromagnet (through a simple circuit) to open or close a paper cantilever valve. Based on this principle, we developed normally-open and normally-closed valves with a timing period up to 30.3 ± 2.1 min (sufficient for an ELISA on paper-based platforms). Using the normally-open valve, we performed an enzyme-based colorimetric reaction commonly used for signal readout of ELISAs, which requires a timed delivery of an enzyme substrate to a reaction zone. This design adds a new fluid-control component to the tool set for developing paper-based microfluidic devices, and has the potential to improve the user-friendliness of these devices.

In this paper, various integration schemes for in-cell capacitive touch panels will be reviewed. Continuous efforts have been made to eliminate the interference between display and touch sensor structure. A in-cell LCD module with self-capacitance touch sensor integrated will be presented.

This paper presents a 135-channel electronic-paper (e-paper) driver IC for electronic shelf label (ESL). The number of stages and the multiple of stage of charge pump are controlled and varied in order to extend a life of battery. And the chip-optimized ready flag scheme for output driving voltage is proposed for low-power consumption.

Segmented electronic paper displays are ultra-low power devices, particularly in applications where information is not updated continuously. This paper will present a new integrated module design using standard interfaces and off-the-shelf processors. Also addressed are the reliability and lifetime performance of segmented electronic paper displays.

The small-signal equivalent circuit modeling of microwave field-effect transistors (FETs) is an evergreen and ever flourishing research field that has to be up-to-date with technological developments. Hence, modeling techniques must be continuously adapted and extended to suit best evolving technologies. The extraction of a FET high-frequency small-signal equivalent circuit is a very active and broad research area of significant interest, owing to its use as a prerequisite for noise and large-signal modeling. The aim of this invited article is to provide in-depth knowledge, critical understanding, and new insights into how to extract a FET small-signal equivalent circuit from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To illustrate potential solutions to the key challenges faced by researchers, experimental results for different semiconductor technologies are reported and discussed. The study is focused on the hot research topic of the cold approach that has been, and still is, the most widely used technique for extracting FET small-signal models and on the active role of the transconductance for successful modeling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2016.

We have succeeded in developing a custom LSI with 160-outputs which supply tri-level voltages as high as 110 V using LDMOS technology for driving a passive-matrix driven electronic paper. The level shifter was designed to suppress the power consumption by employing the new level shifter which needed no DC bias voltage. The LSI chip was thinned to 35 µm for direct-mounting onto a flexible display.

We have developed a new stylish TFT-LCD. We located gatedriver monolithic circuits in the pixel area. As there are no electronic circuits in the frame area, we can realize a narrow border and round corners or a multi-concave shape, and the frame shape can be easily revised.

Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) is being used to assess the insulation condition of oil–paper power transformers. However, it has to date only been implemented on de-energised transformers, which requires the transformers to be shut down for an extended period and may cause significant costs. To solve this issue, a newly improved monitoring method based on the FDS principle is proposed to implement the dielectric measurement on energised transformers. Moreover, a chirp waveform excitation and its novel processing method are introduced. Compared with the conventional FDS results, dielectric results from the energised insulation system have higher tanδ values because of the increased losses. To further understand the insulation ageing process, the effects of the geometric capacitance are removed from the measured imaginary admittance of the insulation system to enhance the ageing signature. The resulting imaginary admittance is then shown to correlate well with the central time constant in return voltage measurements results. The proposed methods address the issues on techniques used on energised transformers and provide a clue for on-line FDS diagnostic application.

A single-inductor multiple positive- and negativeoutput (SIMPNO) converter provides a compact-size and high efficiency solution for electronic paper displays (EPDs) system. With the single inductor multiple output structure, an adaptive current control methodology with the proposed vector current control mode (VCCM) can wisely minimize the current tolerance to be smaller than 10 % between input and all outputs. Additionally, owing to the VCCM technique for adequate inductor current control, the cross regulation is smaller than 0.35 V/A. The test chip was fabricated by 0.25 μm BCD process with a peak value of 90 % at heavy loads.

In this paper, a novel radio frequency identification (RFID) prototype is proposed with an embedded power source and other energy harvesting mechanisms on low-cost paper based substrate. Integration of RFID electronics, such as antenna, integrated circuit (IC) and sensors are also discussed for a variety of applications in transportation, logistics, and security. In addition, RFID antenna designs for high "global" bandwidth operation and rugged environments are discussed. A brief description of the protocol used in RFID ISO18000-6C was conclude the paper.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

Converter transformers play important roles in high-voltage direct current transmission systems. This paper presents experimental and analysis results of the combined electrical and thermal aging of oil-impregnated paper at pulsating DC voltages. Breakdown voltages and time-to- breakdown of oil-paper specimens were measured by using short-time and constant-stress tests. The breakdown characteristics of combined electrical and thermal aging on insulation system were discussed. According to the relationship between failure time and aging temperature, the two- parameter Weibull model was improved. On the basis of the competing risk algorithm and the improved Weibull model, the two factors failure model was calculated. And the influence of temperature in the insulation system has been analyzed. This model performs better than the two- parameter Weibull model when both time and temperature are considered as variables in estimating the lifetime of oil-paper insulation.

This study shows that, at the present state of development, one-bit frequency doubling tags seems to be feasible exploiting green technologies. The optimal process will exploit a paper substrate where both antennas and pentacene organic diodes could be deposited by means of ink-jet printing. The proposed frequency doubling tag has a fully uniplanar layout (no vias needed), whereas the use of simple non-linear devices is adequate to open the market of organic microwave RFID systems.

High-frequency (up to 7 kHz) and hysteresis-free light modulation with continuous gray scale at low control voltage (±1.5 V) is provided in a wide temperature interval with high optical contrast in display cells with new FLC materials developed at LPI, Moscow. Prospects are opened to use these materials in various LCD, where high rate is desirable, especially in 3D and FSC displays.

The data transmission rate required for the earth observation satellites is in the order of Gbps because of the enhanced performance of the observation sensors. However, the data transmission rate is approaching to the capable limits due to the issues of increased loss caused by the connectors or wires connected. In addition, there is another issue of the transmission irruption due to the vibration during the satellite launch. The transmission technology using the non-contact connector which has high vibration tolerance against the lossy wire connection systems is proposed and this paper describes the advantages of the non-contact connector, consisting of Transmission Line Couplers (TLC). With the transmission characteristics analysis of the connector and the design concepts, analysis of actual measurement results reveal that 15 m cables transmission of 2.5Gbps and BER less than 10−12 is feasible.

Rotary magnetron sputtering technology for the deposition of ITO from multi-segment sintered ceramic targets has gradually entered the display industry. Because of the high conductivity of ceramic ITO targets, a DC plasma discharge is usually used for either colour-filter ITO or pixel-ITO (TFT plane). The production of touch sensors usually requires the combination of reactive deposition of low (and sometimes also high) refractive index optical thin films in line with ITO. The former is done with twin rotary cathodes and MF-AC. If ITO could be deposited with MF-AC, then the coating line could be configured with much more flexibility. This paper investigates electro-optical properties of ITO thin films deposited with both DC and MF-AC on twin rotary magnetrons. Also, a simulation of coating costs in both cases has been made. The overall conclusion shows that DC technology remains a better solution over MF-AC for both coating cost and TCO electrical properties such as conductivity and carrier concentration whereas the optical absorption curves in the visible are marginally better for the latter technology, despite similar carrier mobilities.

To assess the oil-paper insulation of transformer, it is necessary to establish the equivalent circuit for it regardless of using the time domain methods or frequency domain methods. Based on the principle of dielectric polarization, the extended Debye model is always adopted for the equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation in transformer in most cases; however, it is usually difficult to determine the number of relaxation mechanisms in the model. This paper presents a method to determine it by the time domain dielectric spectra, namely, conduct differential operation for the depolarizing current of transformer’s oil-paper insulation to obtain the time domain dielectric spectra, and the number of spectrum peaks is equal to that of relaxation mechanisms. Thereby, the extended Debye model of the equivalent circuit of the oil-paper insulation of transformer can be built. This paper describes the analytical procedures of the time domain dielectric spectra method in detail and presents examples to validate its feasibility and rationality in determining the equivalent circuit model of transformer’s oil-paper insulation.

Thanks to economical conditions in power systems in the last few years, the life management and estimation of the remaining service life of power transformers has got more and more attention. We have to know what is the present state of paper-oil insulation beside knowledge of transformer history and operating conditions (temperature, loading). One methods of judgement of insulation state is recovery voltage method. We used this method successfully for verification of effectiveness of the drying process in the past and for verification of quality of revision and repair work. In this paper we try to show the possibilities and limits of this method in estimating ageing degree of power transformer insulation in service conditions by comparing the results of RV measurements with the results of degree of polymerisation of the paper sample.

It's easier for the oil-immersed power transformer to fail when moistened. As is known to us all, moisture may cause the great decrease of the breakdown voltage of the oil-paper insulation system. So, the failure probability model of transformer was established in this paper by using the theory of strength-stress model which is successfully used in the mechanical reliability field. The model could be used to quantitatively calculate the failure probabilities of a single transformer or transformers in a certain region. The appropriate descriptions of stress and strength were introduced to fit the strength-stress model for the two kinds of failures respectively. The random amplitude and times of lightning in a certain period are described by double integral of their probability density functions. The moisture content of one transformer influences the failure probability by changing the strength of the oil gap.

The Frequency Domain spectroscopy is a nondestructive electric diagnosis. It's very suitable for transformer oil-paper insulation condition of field detection, the actual development of the internal oil paper insulation status can be reflected accurately, especially in the low frequency and the ultra-low frequency. Because of the frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy at low frequency measurement requires a very long time, and it's vulnerable to environment. In order to ensure the accuracy of the insulating condition, the FDS needs to be better applied to the nondestructive quantitative assessment in transformer oil paper insulation system. The aged ample of oil-paper insulation is first prepared, and then this sample tested at thermostat 30°C in the FDS. To obtain the insulation information contained in dielectric loss factor (tanδ) as more as possible, the integral of dielectric loss factors (S tanδ ) in the characteristics frequency ranges are introduced as characteristics parameters for assessing insulation condition. Due to the FDS requires a very long time in characteristics frequency ranges, and it's vulnerable to environmental factors, In this paper, the method of predicting S tanδ in low frequency FDS based on the parameter identification of the X-Y equivalent circuit is put forward. then, the measured data and calculated data are compared, in order to confirm the availability of this method.

The authors discuss several papers that have been presented over the last decade that are worth additional consideration by readers interested in data converter circuits. The papers have been selected for different reasons: some have become trend-setters, others present particularly interesting ideas that may yet set future trends.

In this paper, we proposed a paper-based pattern-switchable antenna using inkjet-printing technology. The proposed antenna is composed of two bow-tie antennas and a switching network is built on a printed-circuit-board (PCB) and consists of a single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and balun element. A double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) can convert the unbalanced microstrip mode to the balanced strip mode. Two bow-tie antennas have different radiation patterns because of the different orientation of the reflectors. It is demonstrated from EM simulation and measurement that the radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are successfully switched by the SPDT.

This paper provides for a technical overview of iDP (Internal DisplayPort) Standard Ver. 1.0. The iDP is an open industry standard developed for transporting a video pixel stream from a TV/monitor controller SOC (system on chip) to a TV/monitor panel TCON within a TV/monitor chassis. This standard leverages the proven DisplayPort technology at its simplest form. Targeted at replacing LVDS, the iDP consists of Main Link and HPD signal, operating without sideband channel. Instead of AUX CH of DisplayPort Standard, the iDP uses HPD pulse to coordinate Link Training; an iDP sink device asserts an HPD pulse to prompt an iDP source device to transmit Link Training patterns over Main Link. Nominal iDP link rate of 3.24Gbps/lane enables the transport of FHD240Hz video stream with the pixel bit depth of 30 bits per pixel over 8 lanes (or differential pairs), as opposed to 48 differential pairs of Quad LVDS link. The permitted number of lanes per bank k 1 to 16 lanes inclusive, and the permitted number of banks k 1 or more, depending on a panel configuration. Using data throttling technique, an iDP source device enables an iDP sink device to regenerate the pixel clock synchronously from a link symbol clock as in f_pixel_clock = f_LinkSymbolClock * Mvid /48, where Mvid is an 8-bit integer value, thus allowing for further simplification of an iDP TCON implementation.

This paper presents aging condition assessment of oil-paper transformer insulation based on partial discharge analysis in order to realize statistical parameters reduction. The extracted feature factors of this proposed model were used to identify oil-paper samples with different aging degrees. An accelerated aging test was implemented using artificial oil-paper samples with an internal flat air gap. During the aging test, partial discharge signal acquisition was conducted periodically. In the new model, conventional statistical parameters of phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns were analyzed using principal component and factor analysis (PCFA), and a group of new features constituted by the extracted factors was obtained. These factors were not only independent of one another, they had their own specific properties. To a great extent, these factors represent information on PRPD patterns through a limited number of variables. Through the use of the new features extracted from PCFA method, the clustering and discriminating results of the samples with different aging stages provided significantly referenced information on the condition assessment of oil-paper insulation.

A LCD is one of the high power consumption parts in portable devices. Improvement of the power consumption of the display device affects the increase in the duration of a battery in the portable device. One of the most methods to reduce the power consumption is the reduction of the pixel driving voltage. In this paper, we have proposed a novel voltage boost circuit in pixel structures which operates pixels by lower voltage than ordinary pixels. The proposed pixel structure makes the Data voltage up to 400% using by new four capacitors in series. As a result, it reduces the Data and VDD Voltage in a quarter. The CSt3 and Cst4 have been designed approximately three times bigger more than Clc and, we have confirmed that VDD of QoPV becomes 1/3 of VDD of Normal

The feasibility of digital driving for active matrix organic light-emitting diode is investigated. It offers simple 2T1C pixel circuit and low power consumption. However, it is susceptible to pixel aging, image sticking, and temperature variations. A novel nominal organic light-emitting diode current measurement method is proposed enabling compensation for these effects using an image decomposition algorithm.

This work describes a reconfigurable parasitic insensitive switched-capacitor resistor for proximity touch sensor readout circuits. In this scheme, the conventional programmable resistor bank array is replaced with a switched-capacitor resistor where the resistance is reconfigured by varying the control clock frequency. Furthermore, the control clock is generated by a simple current source and capacitor based time-mode oscillator that reduces the area of the readout circuitry. The proposed touch sensor readout circuit is implemented using CMOS 0.35 µm technology with supply voltage of 3.3 V.

Return voltage diagnostic method is an effective method of non-destructive diagnosis in transformer insulating state. The current study is that through experiments get polarization spectrum to analysis the transformer insulating state, but not yet carried out the influence of various factors to the experimental results. So, based on the Debye model and specific parameters comes from one equivalent model of the actual transformer, this paper using RVM methods to simulation analysis maximum return voltage and dominant time constant under different factors. Simulation results show that the diagnostic methods that combine maximum return voltage value with dominant time constant can preferably reflect the transformer insulation state.

Despite a steep increase in commercial devices comprising paper-like displays, a much desired feature is still missing: bright full-color electronic paper. We have developed a new reflective display technology to solve this issue. for the first time we will report about the principles behind our in-plane electrophoretic technology, which enables the realization of full-color reflective displays with a higher brightness than all present e-paper technologies, without compromising paper-like properties like viewing angle and ultra-low power consumption. An additional major advantage (e.g. for future low-cost manufacturing) is that, besides direct-drive and active-matrix configurations, a passive-matrix option has been developed successfully.

In the manufacturing process of the display module assembly, from the integration of PCB and LCD glass to each module to be assembled, there will be a lot of transferred moving and contacted behavior by equipment or personnel, inevitably. Therefore, the ESD and EOS phenomenon occurring in those production processes will impact the reliability of finished or semi-finished products owing to the damage of ESD/EOS sensitive semiconductor elements. The failure processes and root causes have been addressed to improve the production yield of LCM for display panels.

A new structure for thin-film transistors is proposed and demonstrated, exhibiting the benefits but not the drawbacks of both short-channel and multi-junction effects. Simulations are performed to verify the physics of this device structure. All characteristics such as threshold voltage, pseudo subthreshold slope, on-off current ratio and field-effect mobility are improved.