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The spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham (REKS) method is based on an ensemble representation of the density and is capable of correctly describing the non-dynamic electron correlation stemming from (near-)degeneracy of several electronic configurations. The existing REKS methodology describes systems with two electrons in two fractionally occupied orbitals. In thiswork, the REKS methodology is extended to treat systems with four fractionally occupied orbitals accommodating four electrons and self-consistent implementation of the REKS(4,4) method with simultaneous optimization of the orbitals and their fractional occupation numbers is reported. The new method is applied to a number of molecular systems where simultaneous dissociation of several chemical bonds takes place, as well as to the singlet ground states of organic tetraradicals 2,4-didehydrometaxylylene and 1,4,6,9-spiro[4.4]nonatetrayl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational investigation of the longest wavelength excitations in a series of cyanines and linear n-acenes is undertaken with the use of standard spin-conserving linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) as well as its spin-flip variant and a ΔSCF method based on the ensemble DFT. The spin-conserving linear response TD-DFT fails to accurately reproduce the lowest excitation energy in these π-conjugated systems by strongly overestimating the excitation energies of cyanines and underestimating the excitation energies of n-acenes. The spin-flip TD-DFT is capable of correcting the underestimation of excitation energies of n-acenes by bringing in the non-dynamic electron correlation into the ground state; however, it does not fully correct for the overestimation of the excitation energies of cyanines, for which the non-dynamic correlation does not seem to play a role. The ensemble DFT method employed in this work is capable of correcting for the effect of missing non-dynamic correlation in the ground state of n-acenes and for the deficient description of differential correlation effects between the ground and excited states of cyanines and yields the excitation energies of both types of extended π-conjugated systems with the accuracy matching high-level ab initio multireference calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isomer shift for the 23.87 keV M1 resonant transition in the 119Sn nucleus is calibrated with the help of ab initio calculations. The calibration constant α(119Sn) obtained from Hartree–Fock (HF) calculations (αHF(119Sn)=(0.081±0.002)a0-3 mm/s) and from second-order Mo\ller–Plesset (MP2) calculations (αMP2(119Sn)=(0.091±0.002)a0-3 mm/s) are in good agreement with the previously obtained values. The importance of a proper treatment of electron correlation effects is demonstrated on the basis of a statistical analysis of the results of the calibration. The approach used in the calibration is applied to study the 119Sn isomer shift in CaSnO3 perovskite under pressure. Comparison with the experimental results for the pressure range of 0–36 GPa shows that the current methodology is capable of describing tiny variations of isomer shift with reasonable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quantum chemical computational scheme for the calculation of isomer shift in Mössbauer spectroscopy is suggested. Within the described scheme, the isomer shift is treated as a derivative of the total electronic energy with respect to the radius of a finite nucleus. The explicit use of a finite nucleus model in the calculations enables one to incorporate straightforwardly the effects of relativity and electron correlation. The results of benchmark calculations carried out for several iron complexes as well as for a number of atoms and atomic ions are presented and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mössbauer spectroscopy is a widely used analytic tool which provides information about local electronic structure of solid materials on an atomic scale. The isomer shift of resonance nuclear transition is a sensitive parameter which depends on the charge and spin state of the resonating atom as well as on its chemical environment. Theory underlying the isomer shift is reviewed and its connection to the local electronic structure is discussed. A review of advances made in the ab initio calculation of isomer shift is presented. The importance of careful calibration of the parameters of nuclear transitions on the basis of high-level quantum chemical calculations with the inclusion of both relativistic effects and electron correlation is underlined. With the help of accurate theoretical calculations of the isomer shift over a wide range of chemical environments deeper understanding of a relationship between the observed spectroscopic parameters and the electronic structure of materials will be gained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A balanced treatment of the covalent and ionic contributions to the ground and excited states originating from torsion about double bonds is known to be strongly dependent on the presence of dynamic electron correlation. We undertake an analysis of the minimum energy pathways corresponding to deactivation of the first excited singlet state of PSB3. In doing so we consider torsion about the three double bonds including other intramolecular degrees of freedom, such as the bond length alternation. The 3‐D bond‐path analysis provides a new 'bond‐localized orbital‐like' directional interpretation of bonding. Therefore, we present a more sophisticated method of determination of the degree of covalent and ionic contributions known to be responsible for altering the relative stability of the S1/S0 conical intersections. The results presented suggest that the commonly used simplified multi‐reference methodologies that often result in incorrect predictions for the excited state deactivation reaction mechanism. The bond‐path framework set B visualization of the spectrum of the chemical character (covalent–biradical‐ionic) displayed of each of the back‐bone bonds as well as the influence on neighboring bonds. The most preferred directions of accumulation of charge density, q‐ and q′‐paths along the backbone bond‐path (r) corresponding to the torsional C10‐N12 BCP for the S0 (top) and S1 (below) states at a value of the torsion q = 90.0°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]