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In this analysis, thermal and solutal stratifications in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of second grade fluid along an irregular cylinder through porous medium is demonstrated. Effect of induced magnetic induction is considered to deal many technological and scientific problems like crude oil purification, plasma confinement, rotating magnetic stars and power generation. The flow narrating continuity, magnetic flux, momentum, magnetic induction, concentration and heat equations are modeled in the form of PDEs. Set of dimensionless conversions are introduced to replace non-linear PDEs into a set of ODEs. To predict numerical solution of considering model, we used an efficient numerical technique Bvp4c. The consequential outcomes are sketched for unlike values of dimensionless parameters. Parameters like mixed convection, second grade parameter, magnetic parameter, porosity parameter and buoyancy ratio parameter are initiated to control the flow field. Further, temperature and solutal stratification parameters, Prandtl, magnetic Prandtl and Schmidt numbers are found to control energy, magnetic induction and concentration distributions. Skin drag coefficients, heat and mass fluxes are investigated for inflating values of some sundry parameters. For justification of the model, we compared present numerical outcomes with previous published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new model of elastic wave propagation incorporating the microstructure effects and the Lorentz force is proposed. • The microstructure effects are modelled by the dipolar gradient elasticity and the influences on wave propagation are discussed. • The Lorentz force due to the external magnetic field is derived and the influences on wave propagation are discussed. • The reflection and transmission for incident P wave, SV wave and SH wave are provided. • The influences of the direction of external magnetic field deviating from the incident direction are discussed. The elastic wave propagation and the reflection and transmission at interface with consideration of the microstructure effects and the Lorentz force simultaneously are investigated in the present work. The microstructure effects are modelled by the dipolar gradient elasticity and the Lorentz force due to the external magnetic field is derived by the electromagnetic induction law and Maxwell equation. The numerical results are provided for incident P wave, incident SV wave and incident SH wave, respectively. It is found that the microstructure effects induce the dispersive feature of elastic waves but the external magnetic field do not contribute to the dispersion with only influence on the amplitude of speed. The surface waves are more sensitive to the external magnetic field and the microstructure effects compared with the bulk waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation presents an analysis of the transient magnetohydrodynamic flow of Newtonian viscous fluid in a vertical microporous channel with the inclusion of ion slip‐Hall current as well as an induced magnetic field (IMF) effects. Owing to the nature of the flow equations which are difficult to obtain an analytical result, a numerical scheme (PDEPE) based on finite difference approximation is adopted in solving the governing dimensional partial differential equation. The active influence of different flow parameters on velocity and IMF along the main flow and induced flow directions are visualized. Furthermore, variations of shear stress and induced current density are also presented in tabular form for active nondimensional flow quantities and later on analyzed. To establish the validity of the results obtained in this computation, values for velocity and IMF in this analysis were correlated with the steady‐state existing benchmark when the values of nondimensional time are considered large. Significant results from the analysis show that at the transient time and in the simultaneous occurrence of suction/injection at the microchannel walls, higher values of ion slip current have no considerable influence on flow formation along the primary flow direction, whereas an oscillatory phenomenon is observed along the secondary flow direction. It is also significant to note that at a transient time, magnetic induction could be improved or controlled by choosing favorable values of the suction/injection parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The narrower a conductor the more significant is its induced magnetic field, or the Ørsted magnetic field. The calculation of the Ørsted magnetic field in current-carrying wires is a standard textbook exercise that generally assumes that the wire has a circular cross-section, and where a simplified form of the Biot–Savart equation is applied. While such formalism can be suitable for macroscopic wire structures, it will not be ideal for nano-sized wire structures because of the presence of structural features that might impact detailed structure of the Ørsted magnetic field. This work introduces a microscopic approach for the prediction of the Ørsted magnetic field in nanowires. The approach combines the current magnetization hypothesis (Tawfik, 2022) with molecular dynamics that applies the electron force field. The formalism can be utilized for predicting the Ørsted magnetic field of more complex nano-conductors. • The work introduces a microscopic approach to predict the Ørsted magnetic field. • Combines the current magnetization hypothesis with MD within the electron force field. • The theory is demonstrated for a lithium nanowire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript examines the motion of an Eyring–Prandtl nanofluid inside a horizontal asymmetric peristaltic nonuniform channel. A normal variable magnetic field affects the channel. The slip boundary-conditions are taken into consideration. The boundary-value problem involves the energy as well as the concentration equations. The viscous dissipation of the thermal equation is considered. The flow is immersed in a porous medium. The governing equations of motion are solved by means of the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The distributions of the various functions are analytically obtained. The influences of the different parameters are authenticated throughout a set of diagrams. It is found that thermal-diffusion (Soret), diffusion-thermo (Dufour), Lorentz resisting force and induced magnetic have active effects on the distributions of the nano-particle; such as, concentration volume, temperature, and flow characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is a detailed study of a steady two-dimensional stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian fluid toward a linear stretching surface with induced magnetic field. Problem development is accomplished in existence of convective boundary condition. Nonlinear flow analysis is computed with the help of shooting algorithm. Physical characteristics of pertinent parameters have been analyzed through graphs and tables. The main emphasis of the present study is to analyze the impact of induced magnetic field with incorporation of stretching ratio parameter (when A<1 and A>1) on fluid velocity and temperature profiles. Magnetic and fluid constraints contribute in lowering mass boundary layer thickness for fixed value of stretching ratio parameter. However, magnetic Prandtl number reciprocal, fluid and magnetic parameters contributed in enhancing induced magnetic profile for a fixed value of stretching ratio parameter. Comparison with available results in the literature in limiting sense is achieved. Moreover, heat flux has opposite effects for magnetic and fluid parameters, but has same effects for magnetic Prandtl number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the modeling and analysis of stagnation point flow and heat transfer on a thin porous sheet under the action of an induced magnetic field. The fluid is considered to be incompressible viscous and electrically conducting. The study is motivated towards exploring some interesting phenomena in the micro-circulatory system. Heat transfer is considered to be governed by the heat equation. In order to take care of the induced magnetism that affects the flow process, the flow equations are coupled with magnetic field variables. The analysis has been performed under the purview of the boundary layer theory, together with the use of similarity transformation. The transformed equations are solved by developing an appropriate numerical method. Numerical results have been computed for a typical situation of the fluid in motion. The results are displayed graphically/in tabular form, which depict the distribution of velocity and temperature under the action of the induced magnetic field and permeability of the porous sheet. The study shows that the flow of the fluid reduces, as the strength of the induced magnetic field increases. However, the reduction in velocity is accompanied by an enhancement of the temperature field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional manufacturing processes cause plastic deformation that leads to magnetic anisotropy in processed materials. A deeper understanding of materials characterization under rotational magnetization enables engineers to optimize the overall volume, mass, and performance of devices such as electrical machines in industry. Therefore, it is important to find the magnetic easy direction of the magnetic domains in a simple and straightforward manner. The Magnetic easy direction can be obtained through destructive tests such as the Epstein frame method and the Single Sheet Tester by taking measurements in regions of irreversible magnetization usually called domains. In the present work, samples of rolled SAE 1045 steel (formed by perlite and ferrite microstructures) were submitted to induced magnetic fields in the reversibility region of magnetic domains to detect the magnetic easy direction. The magnetic fields were applied to circular samples with different thicknesses and angles varying from 0° to 360° with steps of 45°. A square sample with a fixed thickness was also tested. The results showed that the proposed non-destructive approach is promising to evaluate the magnetic anisotropy in steels independently of the geometry of the sample. The region studied presented low induction losses and was affected by magnetic anisotropy, which did not occur in other works that only took into account regions of high induction losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation is the flow and heat transfer of a viscous fluid through a rotating channel about the vertical axis under the influence of transverse magnetic field. The linear temperature dependent density has been introduced along with the induced magnetic field in horizontal directions. To study the temperature distribution, the energy equation consisting of viscous dissipation and joule heating term is solved analytically. The velocity distribution in axial and vertical directions is found to be interesting such as the magnetic Reynolds number and the parameter appears due to buoyancy forces have a substantial contribution to influence the flow pattern. Also the results obtained in the study for magnetic induction variables as well as temperature distribution put forward some significant insight in the fluid flow and heat transfer. The important observation of the present study is that the temperature distribution takes the higher values in the vicinity of the upper wall and this happens due to the fact of buoyancy force and channel rotation. This is a key parameter to worm up or cool down the fluid in a useful purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is applied to analyze Newtonian bio-magneto-tribological squeeze film flow with magnetic induction effects incorporated. Robust solutions are developed for the transformed radial and tangential momentum and radial and tangential induced magnetic field conservation equations. The effects of squeeze Reynolds number (N1 = m/ where Bt = Batchelor number), dimensionless axial magnetic force strength parameter (N2), dimensionless tangential magnetic force strength parameter (N3), magnetic Reynolds number (m) are depicted graphically. ADM is observed to demonstrate excellent convergence, stability and versatility in simulating both magnetic squeeze film problems. Numerical verification is achieved with Nakamura's tridiagonal finite difference method (NTM). The simulations are relevant to "smart" biological bearings and prosthetics (e.g., "smart knees") exploiting magnetic fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral equation method is widely used in magnetic field modeling of ships, but its nonsymmetric and dense coefficient matrix results in low computation efficiency and large memory, which limits its application in large scale problems. An approach for a fast computation of induced magnetic field created by ships was presented based on multiple layers fast multipole method and vector integral equation method. The numerical implementation of the proposed approach was described in detail. It is shown by an analytical sphere example and a simplified mock-up experiment that the proposed approach can reduce computation time and memory cost in induced magnetic field modeling of ferromagnetic objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we deal with the effects of an induced magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid. The purpose of the current investigation was to study the effects of an induced magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid. The two-dimensional equations of an Eyring-Powell fluid are modeled in a Cartesian coordinates system and simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The problem that arises is solved for stream function, magnetic force function, and axial pressure gradient using a regular perturbation method. The expressions for pressure rise, velocity profile, pressure gradient, and stream functions are plotted for various parameters of the problem and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this attempt, simultaneous effects of slip condition and an induced magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of viscous fluid in an asymmetric channel is investigated. The whole analysis have been carried out in the presence of heat and mass transfer characteristics. The resulting mathematical model is solved by exploiting the boundary conditions derived from physical point of view. The expressions of the desired flow quantities of interest are derived and discussed. A comparison with no-slip condition is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of concern in this paper is an investigation of peristaltic transport of a physiological fluid in an asymmetric channel under long wave length and low-Reynolds number assumptions. The flow is assumed to be incompressible, viscous, electrically conducting micropolar fluid and the effect of induced magnetic field is taken into account. Exact analytical solutions obtained for the axial velocity, microrotation component, stream line pattern, magnetic force function, axial-induced magnetic field as well as the current density distribution across the channel. The flow phenomena for the pumping characteristics, trapping and reflux are also investigated. The results presented reveal that the velocity decreases with the increase of magnetic field as well as the coupling parameter. Moreover, the trapping fluid can be eliminated by the application of an external magnetic field. Thus, the study bears the promise of important applications in physiological systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the development and analysis of the 3-D flow fields in a Faraday-type magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator. A large-scale pulsed MHD generator with a Faraday channel of 4.5 m has demonstrated the maximum electric power output of 510 MW. The results of the present development and simulation are compared with the experimental results of the pulsed "Sakhalin" MHD Generator power generation system. As a result, they show close agreement with experimental ones. The development of the 3-D flow, current density distribution, and generated power are presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of a liquid metal MHD generator has been carried out. The three-dimensional structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow in the MHD generator have been clarified, and the effect of the electrode width on the performance has also been examined, taking account of the current flow in the electrode. Structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow are complicated owing to the three-dimensional current flow, induced magnetic field, and Lorentz force. The highest performance is found to be obtained when the width of the electrode is equal to that of the generator. The performance predicted from three-dimensional analysis is somewhat lower than that from two-dimensional analysis because of the larger input power. The increase in the input power is attributed to the increase in Lorentz force caused by less reduced magnetic flux density and to the additional friction loss on the insulator walls (x-y plane). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 19–26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20282 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the role of the σ and π contributions to the induced magnetic field for simple hydrocarbons containing a double or a triple bond, as well as for benzene and cyclobutadiene. While the magnetic field induced by the σ electrons is short-ranged, the π system is responsible for the formation of long-range cones. These cones influence the chemical shift of atoms by additional shielding (for aromatic) or deshielding (for antiaromatic molecules) contributions. While the hydrogen atoms of benzene are found to lie within the deshielded region of the magnetic field induced by the π electrons, they are shielded by the total induced magnetic field. The induced magnetic field of the π electrons support Pople's model on the basis of first-principles calculations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetoelastic stress-strain problem for a transversely isotropic ferromagnetic body with an elliptical crack in the isotropy plane is solved explicitly. The body is in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the isotropy plane. The magnetic field induces elastic strains and an internal magnetic field in the body. The main characteristics of stress-strain state and induced magnetic field are determined and their features in the neighborhood of the crack are analyzed. Formulas for the stress intensity factors of the mechanical and magnetic fields near the crack tip are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]