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The use of screen-printed electrodes in different monitoring applications, e.g., polluted water, biotechnology, agriculture, industrial process control, and other applications, are continuously being developed. New cheap and open-source potentiostats have been recently emerging, in addition to the commercial and proprietary solutions on the market. In this study, paperbased, screen-printed electrodes were utilised as an alternative solution for ceramic-based electrodes and were tested with two potentiostats (proprietary and low-cost open-source running on wireless 64 bit Linux system installed on Raspberry Pi 3+). Unique paper substrates made from invasive plant papers and one commercial product were used for screen electrode printing. Ink layer thicknesses variations and mechanical grinding were applied, and cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted. The variation in cyclic voltammetry measurements could be attributed to two sources: the potentiostats showed differences in their sensibility and signal values, and paper surface and structure also contributed to differences. Simultaneously, the additional processing steps, e.g., mechanical grinding, introduced additional measurement variations and differences in the measurement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using disposable screen-printed electrodes is a convenient way of monitoring environmental pollution, production process control etc. Usually, commercially available screen-printed electrodes are used, but more and more studies are being carried out in the field of printing electrodes on thinner, low-cost and versatile substrates, including paper. In the present research, the comparison of screen-printed electrodes printed on different paper-based materials is presented. Two unique and innovative invasive plant-based papers made from (1) Japanese knotweed, (2) Canadian and Giant goldenrod and (3) commercially available cardboard were used as a printing material for the electrodes. The selected paper substrates were characterized, and screen-printed electrodes were printed. The influence of substrates' properties and pre- or post-treatment of the screen-printed electrodes on the electrochemical behaviour is thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that the printing substrate (roughness) had the most significant influence on the cyclic voltammetry response. Comparing pre- and post-treatment of screen-printed electrodes, it was shown that grinding influenced the electrochemical activity significantly, while corona discharge does not have as significant influence. Besides, it was shown that the invasive plant-based papers are viable alternatives to commercially available papers and can be used as low-cost and eco-friendly alternatives for disposable screen-printed electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]