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Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigorta sektöründe hizmet içi eğitim uygulamalarının ayrıntılı olarak ortaya konularak, elde edilen veriler ışığında hizmet içi eğitim uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesi için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda Sigorta Sektörü'nde sigorta şirketleri bünyesinde sigorta şirketi çalışanları, broker çalışanları, acenteler ve banka çalışanlarına verilen hizmet içi eğitim etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi, hizmet içi eğitim ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi, hizmet içi eğitimlerin yöntemleri ve uygulamalarının neler olduğu incelenmiştir. The purpose of this study is to provide in-service training practices in the insurance sector in detail and to make recommendations for improving in-service training practices in light of the data obtained. In this regard, the insurance company staff on-site insurance companies in Insurance Sector, broker employees, evaluation of the in-service training activities to agents and bank employees, determination of in-service training needs were examined as in-service training methods and practices of what was going on. 89

The role of the teacher is by far the most important component compared to any other in the whole process of education. Only the trained teachers are supposed to teach at primary and secondary level in the typical system of education in Pakistan. But this is not the case viz-e-viz College and University teachers. Thus this category of teachers cannot be expected to be highly efficient teachers, although they go through a rigorous set of selection criteria before they are offered the teaching positions in their respective educational institutions. The aim of the study is to find out empirically as to what are the teaching and professional needs of the newly inducted university teachers in different faculties at the Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The study as a corollary recommends that a training course specially tailored for this category of university teachers should be organized at the Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan to optimize their performance as university teachers. The teachers trained through this program are expected to perform better and operate efficiently in all domains of academic activities related to the university.

Bu araştırma Türkiye'de ``Ayakkabı Tasarımı ve Üretimi Lisans Programına Yönelik Eğitim İhtiyaçlarının Belirlenmesi'` amacı ile yapılmıştır. Genel tarama modelinde yapılan araştırma için nicel ve nitel veri toplama araçları geliştirilmiştir. Nicel verileri toplamak amacı ile dört farklı ölçek geliştirilmiş ve bu ölçekler ``Ayakkabı Tasarımı ve Üretimi Lisans Programına Yönelik İhtiyaç Analizi Ölçeği'` başlığı altında toplanmıştır. Ayakkabı tasarımı ve üretimi lisans programı mezununda bulunması gereken yeterliklerden yola çıkılarak geliştirilen 77 maddelik temel yeterlikler, tasarım, üretim ve pazarlama yeterliklerinden oluşan ölçek, Kasım 2011 ve Nisan 2012 tarihleri arasında çeşitli üniversitelerde görev yapan eğitim bilimleri, pazarlama, tasarım, ayakkabı alanında çalışan öğretim elemanları, ayakkabı üreticileri, ayakkabı tasarımcıları ve ayakkabı öğretmenlerinden oluşan toplam 766 kişilik çalışma evrenine uygulanmıştır. Online uygulama öğretim elemanlarına, ayakkabı eğitimcilerine ve tasarımcılara yapılmıştır. Yüz yüze uygulama ise İstanbul, İzmir, Konya, Gaziantep, Adana, Hatay, Manisa ve Bursa illerinde yaşayan ayakkabı üreticileri ile yapılmıştır.Toplanan veriler ANOVA, T testi, Kruskal Wallis H-Testi, kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı alt problemlerin çözümlenmesinde Ortalama, standart sapma vb. betimsel istatistik tekniklerinden faydalanılmıştır. Nitel veriler ise ayakkabı üreticileri, satıcıları, tasarımcıları ve eğitimcilerinden oluşan bir katılımcı grubundan görüşme yoluyla ve tüm katılımcılara uygulanan açık uçlu bir soru ile sağlanmıştır. Nitel veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Türkiye'de ayakkabı tasarımı ve üretimine yönelik olarak lisans programlarına acilen ihtiyaç duyulduğu ve bu programların ayakkabı tasarımı, teknolojisi, üretimi, yönetimi ve pazarlamasına ilişkin eğitim süreçlerinden oluşması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Açılacak olan bölümün misyonunun; meslek lisesi mezunlarına kendi alanlarında lisans eğitimi ve kariyer imkanı sağlamak, ayakkabı sektörünün bilimsel ve sanatsal alt yapısının güçlendirilmesine katkı sağlamak, meslek okullarına öğretmen yetiştirmek, sektörün güçlenmesi için bilgi ve teknoloji üretmek, Türk ayakkabılarının uluslararası marka olabilmesi için çalışacak bireyler yetiştirmek olması gerektiği araştırma sonuçlarından anlaşılmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayakkabı Eğitimi, Ayakkabı, Mesleki Eğitim, Mesleki ve Teknik Eğitim, Ayakkabı Lisans Eğitimi, Yeterlik, Yeterlilik, İhtiyaç Analizi, Eğitim İhtiyacı, Ayakkabı sektörü, Ayakkabı Tasarımı ve Üretimi. SUMMARYThis research has been carried out to assess the need analysis for the development and establishment of an undergraduate program focused on footwear design and manufacturing in Turkey. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been applied during this research. In order to collect the quantitative data, the research has been carried out under 4 different criterias which are classified under the heading ``The criterias to assess the need analysis for the development and establishment of an undergraduate program focused on footwear design and manufacturing?`. Based on the competencies that are required from a graduate of a footwear design and manufacturing program, 77 questions are listed in the questionnaire. The questionnaire aims to measure the (1) core competencies (2) design related competencies (3) manufacturing related competencies and (4) marketing related competencies of a `Footwear Design and Manufacturing? graduate . The research was conducted among 766 people who were working as pedagogs, marketing professionals, designers, footwear instructors/lecturers in various universities and footwear manufacturers, footwear designers and footwear instructors between November 2011 to April 2012.The online questionnaire was only conducted among instructors/lecturers , footwear trainers and footwear designers. The footwear manufacturers who are based in Istanbul, Izmir, Konya, Gaziantep, Adana, Hatay, Manisa and Bursa were interviewed in person. The data collected have been analysed by using ANOVA, T-test, Kruskal Wallis H-test. In order to address some of the obstacles within the research, some statistical calculations (mean, standard deviation and etc.) have been used. Qualitative research was carried out by asking an open-end question during one to one meetings with footwear manufacturers, footwear sellers, footwear designers and instructors/lecturers. Qualitative data has been processed through scanning the content generated as a result of the interviews. The findings of the research show that there is an urgent need to have an undergraduate program in `Footwear Design and Manufacturing? in Turkey. The scope of the undergraduate program should contain the processes of footwear design, footwear technology, footwear manufacturing, management and marketing related issues within itself. The mission of the undergraduate program should be (1) to give career opportunities to the graduates of vocational training centres in their own fields (2) to reinforce the scientific and artistic infrastructure of the current footwear sector, (3) to train the footwear instructors for vocational schools, (4) to produce knowledge and technology for the growth of the sector, (5) to train individuals who will dedicate themselves for the creation of the internationally recognised Turkish brandsKeywords: Footwear Education, Footwear, Vocational Education, Vocational and Technical Training, Undergraduate degree in Footwear Manufacturing and Design, Qualifications/ Competency, Need Analysis, 295

Since graduates are the core of educational activities, investigating their viewpoints on clinical, communication, and management abilities to play professional roles can help to promote educational programs. Researches have reported different results from the viewpoints of nursing graduates about the effects of acquired skills during their academic years on their performance and professional needs. The present study was conducted to determine the comparison of educational programs' objectives for professional needs from the viewpoints of nursing graduates in three periods of three years. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in the year 2009 on 354 nursing graduates who had graduated from Khorramabad , faculty of nursing and midwifery n the continuous and discontinuous undergraduate courses from 1999 to 2007. Out of 354 posted questionnaires, 222 questionnaires were returned. They were considered in terms of three periods of three years, including 1999-2001 as the first period, 2002-2004 as the second period and 2005-2007 as the third period. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including personal information, appropriateness of educational programs' objectives for professional needs, satisfaction with educational programs and necessity to change them, factors influencing the quality of educational programs from the viewpoints of graduates, and educational and research activities related to after-graduation fields, which was mailed to the participants and completed by them. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results:Most of the first period graduates (74.2%) evaluated their competencies in taking care of patients as high, while those in the second (72%) and third (57.9%) periods represented a reduction. Most of the graduates of the first period (62.2%) considered the training courses more effective on professional efficiency compared to practical (48.9%) and theoretical (51.1%) courses, and in the other periods the influence of theoretical and training courses tended to decrease. The majority of the graduates in the first period believed that 50% of their acquired skills during their academic years moderately fulfilled their professional needs, while in other periods a decreasing trend was found. The Chi-square test did not reveal any significant differences between the three periods. The factors affecting the quality of educational programs from the viewpoints of the graduates were as follows: qualified faculty members and instructors (73%), educational environment (67.6%), facilities for clinical education (66.2%), applied teaching methods (59.9%), and the availability of scientific resources (59.9%), but Chi-square tests did not show any significant differences between the three periods, except for resources. Conclusion: The comparison of educational programs' objectives for professional needs shows a decreasing trend therefore, revising nursing education is recommended to enhance the competency of graduates for patient care, to use more theoretical, training and practical courses in the professional performance, and to increase essential skills in order to respond to professional needs.