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Listening and speaking teaching have always been weak links in English teaching. The emergence of the intelligent learning system breaks the traditional learning method in the classroom, allowing students to obtain learning resources anytime, anywhere, free from fixed time and fixed space. This study aims to know student perceptions of English educational students regarding the implementation of AI to increase listening and speaking skills and to know the limitations and difficulties English education students face while using Duolingo and ELSA Speak applications. We conducted a reflection and semi-structured interview among undergraduate English education students in West Java. A total of 6 participants and all of them are 7th semester English Language Education students. The majority of them agree that AI can increase listening and speaking skills, especially Duolingo and ELSA Speak. Even though there are a lot of limitations and difficulties that need to be considered, such as having a stable internet connection and storage capacity, the student still mentioned that Duolingo and ELSA Speak are great applications for improving listening and speaking skills.

Learning a Foreign Language (FL) is, as a rule, seen by experts as a major asset for global understanding and the mobility of people. English is found at the top of the pyramid as the number one language to achieve these goals. Nowadays, being able to express oneself intelligibly in English is decisive for students who want to thrive both academically and professionally. Indeed, the concept of intelligibility is now firmly established in the field of Applied Linguistics as one of the key factors in explaining success or otherwise in communication between interlocutors from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Accordingly, the essence of this article lies in the analysis of the communicative teaching practices of EFL teachers in Portugal and how they reflect on the learners’ speaking proficiency and intelligibility. Findings show that English continues to be taught with little regard to its real-world use, creating a gap between the learners’ needs/expectations and their true learning. Overall, the article focuses on the need for a reconceptualisation of speaking within an intelligibility frame of mind. Thus, it poses a challenge to traditional approaches to language teaching and learning practices by claiming a need to rethink approaches to learners’ oral proficiency grounded in the intelligibility principle.

This research aims to design a model of animated video-based Arabic language teaching materials that are integrated with 6C skills to face challenges in the 21st-century era. This research used a mixed approach using the Research & Development method. This research used the Borg and Gall model as an analysis procedure. This research was carried out in the 2022-2023 academic year at the Arabic Language Education Study Program at Jakarta State University. The participants were teachers, experts (Arabic language materials, curriculum), and students. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires, documents, interviews, and tests. Data analysis techniques used qualitative data from assessment experts and peer reviewers. Data was presented through statistical descriptions using percentages and means. The quantitative data was taken from the test result in the model's large trial test to determine the product's worthiness. It was done to determine the student's achievement in Arabic speaking skills. It used the t-test. The research results showed that students need classroom teaching materials to learn to speak Arabic, which involves the development of digital technology, namely animated videos. The topics used in the Arabic-speaking teaching material model were related to the achievement of 6C skills, which are relevant to character education values and appear in learning instructions. The content of teaching materials was also combined with reading skills as a source of information for students in carrying out speaking practice in class. Various forms of speaking practice refer to the concept of an oral test. Meanwhile, the use of animated videos is in the instructions for carrying out exercises so that students can use the videos as a reference for speaking practice. These findings also provided an understanding of the demands for the quality of educators' digital competence in designing class materials.

This study explores the speaking abilities of 5th-semester students involved in the English Conversation Club (ECC) within a Midwifery Diploma Study Program. The research focuses on understanding the challenges faced by students in speaking English and evaluating the ECC's contribution to enhancing their speaking skills. The investigation utilized a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative and quantitative data collection.The study found that while most students performed well, as indicated by their scores falling under the "Good" and "Very Good" categories, notable challenges persisted. Students encountered difficulties primarily related to vocabulary limitations, grammar intricacies, a lack of motivation, and psychological factors impacting their speaking performances.Factors influencing speaking abilities were analyzed through student interviews, highlighting vocabulary, grammar, and motivational issues as key hindrances. The ECC program was perceived positively by students, providing an environment conducive to English practice. However, the infrequent use of English beyond the ECC sessions limited its impact on students' overall speaking skills. To improve speaking abilities, interventions emphasizing vocabulary enhancement, grammar proficiency, motivational support, and better preparation strategies were recommended. Further emphasis on consistent English practice outside the ECC was suggested for more comprehensive improvement. In conclusion, while the ECC positively contributed to students' speaking proficiency, challenges related to vocabulary, grammar, motivation, and insufficient practice outside the program persist. Targeted interventions focusing on these areas are crucial to further enhance students' speaking abilities within the Midwifery Diploma Study Program.

This article focuses on the issue of communication in a foreign language. Production of speech is considered to be the most priority ability from all five components within the foreign language. It serves for communication. Thanks to this ability we are the part of the surrounding world. It is the crucial ability which enables us to be the part both in the local and global dimension. English is not only the lingua franca of the international business but also of the corporation communication. In the era of globalization, languages undergo transformation and change. The production of speech is, in the foreign language, a complex process and the individual differences determine the way it is acquired. Creating in the mind the intention, starts the complicating process of making the statement in the foreign language (L2, language two). It is not random that while acquiring the foreign language, the learners face the language barriers which slow down the beginning of starting the speaking. The use of compensatory strategies can help to overcome psychological and emotional barriers related to this component of language.

In an attempt to compare the effects of interleaved and blocked practice on L2 fluency development, 44 adolescent Indian English as L2 learners were given fluency training in English for three months. The participants in the blocked group engaged in task repetition practice of speaking English sentences in a predictable sequence of task repetition, i.e., aaaa, bbbb, cccc, and dddd, in the first 16 sessions. The sequence of the task repetition practice in the interleaved group was arranged using the technique of spacing and mixing, i.e., abcd, abbd, aacc, and bdcd, in the first 16 sessions. The mean values of the English fluency scores of the interleaved and blocked group in the two intermediate fluency tests in the middle of the training and one achievement test at the end showed no statistically significant difference in fluency development as the p-value of the comparison in a repeated measures ANOVA test was .29 representing low F value of 1.16 and effect size of .05. The participants in the blocked group, however, demonstrated a minor growth in fluency development from slow and hesitant speech behavior to occasional self-correction or repetition in a long speech in the later stages of the fluency training in English. The systematic manipulation of the sequence of the tasks to be practiced incorporating high similarity or stimuli retrieval in blocked practice might be more effective in fluency development in L2 than interleaving. As interleaving causes anxiety among beginners, it might not be an appropriate method of task repetition in the initial stage of fluency practice in L2.

The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of Self-Directed Learning technique in improving the communication skills in English of students. Sixteen sophomore BS Education majors in English were chosen on purpose. Focus groups were conducted to obtain the necessary information. The analysis of information yielded five themes: increasing language competency, encouraging independent learning, learning through the internet, and becoming more reading focused. Each theme were discussed. It was concluded that regardless of the good implications that Self-Directed Learning brings to learners, the truth remains that students who use Self-Directed Learning requires the guidance and monitoring of teachers in order for students to completely appreciate the significant effects and benefits of the technique. Giving students complete control over their learning can lead to inaccuracy and danger. The results implicate the current situation of COVID 19 where academic institutions are adapting the blended and flexible modalities.

This study aims to develop a "gamified" e-module so that students' intercultural understanding improves in the Speaking for General Communication course. The subjects of this study were students in the second semester of the English Education study program at Universitas Maritim Raja Haji. This research used the Research and Development method with Thiagarajan's 4D model, which had been modified to 3D (define, design, and development). This research instrument used interviews, student questionnaires, and validation forms. The data analysis techniques of this research were descriptive analysis and descriptive statistics. Based on the findings of the first stage, it was determined that an e-module for the speaking course was required because there were no learning resources developed specifically for online classes and the existing learning source was insufficient for the student's current needs. Based on the analysis results, e-module topics, language features, and learning objectives were determined. In the second stage, the e-modulus was designed with four components: cover, introduction, content section, and closing section. In the final stage, the e-module validation results showed that the speaking e-module for general communication was valid and could be used in an online class.

Students' anxiety about speaking English is significant to solve because it can affect their speaking ability. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of pair work activities on students’ speaking anxiety and speaking ability. The researchers conducted quasi-experimental research in Palangka Raya in the academic year of 2021/2022. In collecting the data, a questionnaire and a speaking test were used. The population in this study were eighth graders students in one of the public junior high school. The researcher used two classes as the sample, the experimental and control class, which comprised 60 students. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Variance test via SPSS.23. The result showed pair work activities effectively decreased the students’ speaking anxiety and increased the students' speaking ability. It evidenced by the average score in the post-test of students' speaking anxiety in the experimental class was 52.77, while the control class was 60.00. In addition, the average score in the post-test of the students’ speaking ability in the experimental class was 76.63, while the control class was 64.43. It showed that there is a significant difference between the two classes. Therefore, this study indicates that pair work activities effectively lower students' speaking anxiety and increase their speaking ability at eighth graders students in one of the public junior high school in Palangka Raya.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the effect of learning the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model through Eco enzyme activities on the ability to listen and express language or speak in early childhood. This can be seen from various previous research results that the listening and speaking abilities of early childhood have not developed optimally. The learning which is assumed as an effort to improve listening and speaking skills for early childhood is by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model through Eco Enzim activities. This study used quantitative data collection techniques. The design used in this study is the Post test Only Control Design. The two groups were randomly selected and both groups were treated with PBL treatment. The post test was carried out on the experimental and control groups which arepreviously using solvin calculations. The results of the samples tested were 54 samples randomly. In the Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test the speaking group obtained a result of 0.2, the listening group obtained a result of 0.054. In the Shapiro-Wilk normality test the speaking group obtained a result of 0.177, and the listening group obtained a result of 0.12. Then a homogeneous test was carried out with the Levene test, the result was 0.88, and in the independent sample t test, the result was 0.035, it can be concluded that HO was rejected and Ha was accepted. Therefore, there is an increase in the listening and speaking abilities of children in age group B in DKI Jakarta for the 2022-2023 school year on the effect of the eco enzyme project-based learning model. These results were obtained from data management of 118 children, through the solvin method the results obtained were 54 samples taken randomly. There is a standard deviation result looking at the distribution of data to the average, the result is 11,295 in the speaking variable, 7,808 in the listening variable. Thus that there is a significant (significant) difference between the average student learning outcomes in the listening group and the speaking group and the speaking group's results are superior to the listening group.

Knowing and using two or more languages has obvious benefits - personal and social - in an increasingly globalized world. The phenomenon of multilingualism has been much studied in the last decades, due to its importance in social life. Besides the obvious and immediate advantages of multicultural communication or interaction, the research in the field of neuroscience and psychology has revealed the fact that bi- and multilingualism are fundamental factors that influence cognitive abilities. With the extension of intercultural and international dialogue, multilingualism should therefore be seen as one common phenomenon rather than an exception. This paper attempts to give prominence to the positive effects of multilingualism for higher awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berdasarkan hasil quiz harian pada matakuliah speaking, peneliti menemukan kemampuan mereka berada di level poor. Sebagai solusi dari masalah tersebut, peneliti telah menggunakan BIP Video Call untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Speaking sertatelah menemukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan pada kemampuan speaking mereka. Penelitian ini telah menggunakan desain Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak satu siklus dengan jumlah pertemuan sebanyak empat kali termasuk tes. Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa prosedur; Planning, Action, Observation, and Reflection. Penelitian ini tidak memiliki teknik sampling, tapi meamakai istilah partisipan. Mahasiswa yang telah menjadi partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Semester II Pendidikan bahasa Inggris FKIP UNILAK yang diajar pada matakuliah Speaking, khususnya Speaking for Everyday Communication. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian campuran antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen wawancara. Sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui intrumen tes, yaitu tes kemampuan speaking. Hasil yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata speaking mereka dari angka 52 menjadi 53.2. masih kategori poor. Ada dua faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya perubahan nilai rata-rata tersebut; pertama kualitas suara yang dihasilkan oleh BIP Video Call lebih jelas dan kedua videonya menghasilkan visualisasi yang lebih jernih. Kesimpulannya, BIP Video Call dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam memperlancar proses komunikasi mereka dalam mata kuliah speaking.

Recently, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been explored and proposed to be one of the key concepts for identifying when one decides to initiate communication in the target language. The attention, nonetheless, has been concentrated on how WTC interacts with other learners’ variables. This study, on the other hand, intends to offer empirical evidence on the direct roles of affective variables (self-confidence, anxiety, motivation, and grit) and WTC variables (WTC inside the classroom, WTC outside the classroom, and WTC in a digital setting) in Thai students’ English-speaking performance. The data were obtained from 35 undergraduate students (17.1% males; 82.9% females) using a survey questionnaire. Then, a speaking test was taken from an English Communication Skills course and was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression. The results disclosed positive correlations among self-confidence, motivation, grit, WTC in a digital setting, WTC inside the classroom, WTC outside the classroom, and speaking performance, and negative correlations among self-confidence, anxiety, and grit. However, motivation was the only significant predictor of speaking performance. The findings offer some implications for English teachers in improving students’ English-speaking performance.

The title of this study is The Importance of English Club: A Case at English Education Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. The objective of this study was to know the importance of English club to improve students’ English ability. This research was regarded on a qualitative study. The researcher used questionnaire to collecting the data and used the percentage analysis to analyze the data. The population of this study was the entire students of English education study program Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Then 47 students from the fourth semester students were taken as the sample by using convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of 20 items. The result of this study was dominantly students who chose agree. Students think that English club can be useful to improve their English ability, especially in speaking skills. After joining the English club,the students are able to organize their ideas for speaking, more comfortable in speaking English, putting less effort to understand and willing to communicate in English.

In teaching speaking for EFL, teacher has to consider a strategy that exposes students to speaking practices. This study aims to determine the implementation of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) principles in English learning, especially speaking. The approach used was descriptive qualitative. The instruments were classroom observations and interviews and the research subjects were 1 English teacher and 25 students of Class IXA at Darunnajat Islamic Boarding School Bumiayu Brebes. This study reveals that the teacher has implemented the seven principles of TBLT namely scaffolding, task dependency, recycling, active learning, integration, reproduction, and reflection suggested by Nunan (2004) in teaching speaking. They were reflected in the activities that students experience in the classroom.

Abstract: This paper aims to determine the types of grammar usage and to describe the acquisition of English as a second language among Thai students. The method used was a qualitative paradigm and the data sources were taken from interviews. The interview instrument was used to obtain the data in the form of English text production, which was used to identify and to classify the types of grammar elements and information on how informants acquire the language. This study results in variations in the use of grammar elements namely simple present tense, simple past tense, degree of comparison, noun phrases, and auxiliary verbs. The results of the interview show that the process of mastery of a second language was obtained through watching films in English or films with English subtitles, reading novels in English, and listening to English songs. Keywords: English Grammar; Second Language Acquisition; Speaking

Dialect is a substandard or basic standard of the dialect itself which is also often associated with language, especially the spoken language in certain region. The researchers were interested to observe how vary the dialects used. The purpose of this research was to find out dialects’ variation used during teaching and learning process of Speaking class in STAIN Majene. STAIN Majene is the newest university located in Majene regency, West Sulawesi province in which it is not the capital of the province. Yet, STAIN Majene students were coming from many different places and backgrounds. The methods used in the research were spoken data recording, place and the spoken language observation at the university. The researchers found that Mandarese is still the dominant dialect used in STAIN Majene area due to the students and non-students such as lecturers are mostly originally come from Majene and Polewali Mandar regencies.

Bu araştırmada ilkokul düzeyinde Türkçe derslerinde yaşanan sorunları belirlemeyi amaçlayan çalışmalardan hareketle dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma becerilerinde yaşanan sorunları ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma meta-sentez yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamına alınmak için gerekli koşulları sağlayan toplam 17 çalışma ile araştırma yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda dinleme becerisi ile ilgili yeteri kadar çalışma olmadığı, dinleme becerisinin gelişiminde sorunların daha çok öğrenci kaynaklı nedenler olduğu, öğrenci dikkat ve motivasyon eksikliği ile öğrencilerin söz varlığı yetersizliğinin dinleme becerisinin gelişiminde sorun olduğu; konuşma becerisinde yaşanan sorunların çoğunlukla öğrencilerin söz varlığı yetersizliğinden kaynaklandığı; okuma becerisi ile ilgili öğrencilerin doğru ve akıcı okumada sorun yaşadıkları, öğrencilerin heceleyerek okudukları, okuduklarını anlamada sorun yaşadıkları; en çok yazma becerisi ile ilgili çalışma olduğu, öğrencilerin noktalama işaretleri kullanma, yazım kurallarını uygulama ve yazmanın fiziksel boyutu ile ilgili sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin söz varlığını geliştirmeyi amaçlayan araştırmalar yapılması, araştırmaların belli dil becerilerinde yoğunlaşmayıp ihtiyaca odaklı olabilmesi için önlemler alınması önerilmiştir.

This research aimed to determine whether using the Audio-Lingual method improves students' speaking skills at the eighth-grade SMP Negeri 1 Baranti. This research aims to investigate and measure the impact of using the Audio-Lingual method in improving students' English speaking skills. This research used the experimental method. The population of this study was one class of class VIII.1 of SMP Negeri 1 Baranti. In the 2018/2019 academic year, the total population was 23 students. The sample of this study was 23 students. This sample was taken using the cluster random sampling technique. This research applied the Audio-Lingual method in the class. This research applies one type of speaking skills test to determine students' speaking skills. The research results show that using the Audio-Lingual method in teaching speaking can improve the speaking skills of class VIII.1 students at SMP Negeri 1 Baranti. The mean score of the pre-test (54.30) was lower than the mean score of the post-test (57.04), showing that the P-value was lower than the α (0,000 < 0,05) on the significant level of α 0,05. So, the researcher stated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Based on data analysis, the researcher concluded that the audio-lingual method effectively improved students' speaking skills in class VIII.1 of SMP Negeri 1 Baranti.

Gamification and game-based learning (GBL) is the newly introduced learning strategies considered fit for English fun learning. . This study aims to investigate the implementation of teaching Speaking in Foreign Language for Specific Purposes (FLSP) at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. The employed research design was Classroom Action Research (CAR) with two cycles. The GBL employed was modified from the Family 100 and Trivia game show. Subjects of the study were the Psychology students 2021/2022. Data collection methods were a survey and observation checklist, and the obtained data were analyzed using Activity Theory. The data triangulation was obtained by comparing researchers’ observation notes and questionnaire responses. . Results show that students were not enthusiastic when learning about Speaking through games. Their enthusiasm increased when the game level, rules, and topics were adjusted. The findings of this study imply that GBL enhanced students’ understanding, motivated their learning, and increased their positive behaviours

The objective of this research is to know the non-EFL students’ experience in making a project of English Speaking video as Project-Based Learning (PBL). This research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis shows that: students feel that speaking is a difficult skill in English, but they agree that the topic of the speaking project about ‘Introduction Myself & Others is “interesting”. In making an English project video, students make an Indonesian script then translate it into English, students read scripts when recording videos and almost do 5 times repetitions of making an English video project. The duration of making an English video project about more than 1 minute and 2 minutes duration. During making an English project video, the students face difficulties, such as doing pause (pauses the message while thinking about what to say), doing filler (filling the gap in speaking with a certain voice (eeeeee, emmmmm, hmmm, and others), doing a mispronunciation/spelling error, doing a grammatical error, having a limited vocabulary, having trouble using accents in English, and having difficulty when expressing ideas. While, external students’ difficulties such as having mental problems, being easily distracted by their surroundings, having problems related to media (the audio/image is not clear), and having problems with lighting. By using video projects, students can know the vocabularies and how to read it in English, can know better English grammar, students can express ideas in speaking English, students feel courageous and confident in speaking English and they can improve their English speaking skills.

The purpose of the present pre-experimental study is to examine the extent to how Critical Pedagogy (CP) may function in EFL teaching in Iran. Compared with the growing but far from conclusive body of research, virtually few studies have been covered comparatively among monolinguals and bilinguals. Also, no studies have examined Freire’s CP among monolinguals and bilinguals especially in Iran, which considered as two privileged and less privileged groups respectively. Therefore, this study was done among sixty Iranian monolingual and bilingual university sophomores to know if CP affects them differently. The study is done under two available classes in bilingual and two other classes in monolingual context. The first groups received problem-posing and the second groups were exposed to banking model. The scoring procedure of participants’ performance was based on IELTS speaking band descriptors. Findings reveal that applying problem-posing model cause improvement in speaking performance of both monolingual and bilingual learners than banking model. More importantly, it is concluded that there is no significant difference between monolinguals and bilinguals in terms of problem-posing model, perhaps because the standards of educational justice have been partially observed among both communities. Finally, implications were drawn for EFL teachers and syllabus designers.

Many EFL students show anxiety when speaking English in Indonesia. Therefore, the researchers were interested to conduct this study to find out the level of English-speaking anxiety experienced by those students. In this quantitative study, data were collected from 29 students through a questionnaire that was adopted from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) consisted of 10 items developed by Horwitz, et al. (1986). The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using the FLCAS questionnaire scale. The results were described in percentages and are further elaborated in narration. The data revealed that 11 out of 29 students (38%) experienced low-level anxiety, 17 out of 29 students (59%) had anxiety at a moderate level, and one out of 29 students (3,4%) got high-level anxiety. It means that most students experienced a moderate level of speaking anxiety. In this case, those findings can be the inputs for every English teacher, especially for the English teachers in which this study was conducted, to be aware of the level of their students’ English-speaking anxiety. It is hoped that the findings of this research can give information and add knowledge to English teachers about EFL students’ level of anxiety so that they could find an appropriate strategy to reduce their students’ speaking anxiety.

The problem of this study was: “Is there a significant difference between the students who taught by PowTega strategy and those who are not to the tenth grade students of the Senior High School PGRI 2 of Palembang?”. The objective of the study was to find out whether or not there is there a significant difference between the students who taught by Pow-Tega strategy and those who are not to the tenth grade students of the Senior High School PGRI 2 of Palembang. This study applied an experimental control group design with two classes. the prettest-posttest group design. The population of the study was all of the tenth grade students of Senior High School PGRI 2 of Palembang consisting of 8 classes with 228 students as the whole number. The sample was 72 students divided into two classes: experimental and control groups. The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling. In collecting the data, the writer used speaking or oral tests. The tests were given to the students about descriptive text which focus about describing country. Based on the result of the data analysis, the findings of the study showed that the speaking scores of the tenth grade students taught through Power Teaching Game (Pow-Tega) Strategy were higher than those of the ones taught through conventional method of Senior High School PGRI 2 of Palembang. In experimental group, the highest post-test score was 74, the lowest post-test score was 66, and the average was 66.91 while 70 was the highest score in control group, the lowest post-test score was 64, and the average was 67.19 Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. It means that there was significant difference in teaching speaking skill to the tenth grade students of Senior High School PGRI 2 of Palembang who are taught by using Pow-Tega strategy and those who are not. Besides, proved that the students’ scores in post-test were higher than in the pre-test. It implies that the use of Pow-Tega strategy brought improvement to students’ speaking skill and it could be used as an alternative strategy in teaching speaking.

Secondary schools obliged the students to master English skills. In fact, students have many shortcomings in mastering those English skills, especially speaking skills faced by the eighth-grade students of MTs Khazanah Kebajikan in the academic year 2017/2018. They had difficulties in speaking English directly. It was found by our observation in which the students were lack of vocabulary, self-confidence, and motivation. Additionally, they were difficult to elaborate on their ideas through the spoken form. Hence, the students are needed the new strategy to construct their shortcomings by the implementation of Think-Pair-Share. The objective of the study was to know the influence of Think-Pair-Share on students’ speaking ability of short monologue. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design. The population was 102 students with 50 students as the sample of this study. The technique of data collection in this study consisted of pre-test and post-test. The data analysis techniques were used t-test, also included the test of normality and homogeneity. In addition, this study was also supported by measuring the effect size. The result of the study showed that students’ speaking score in the experimental class was higher than the controlled class. It found that H0 (Null Hypothesis) is rejected and Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) is accepted. Also, the result of the effect size was 2.91 at a large level (significant). It can be concluded that Think-Pair-Share is an effective way to improve students’ speaking ability, especially in short monologue.

This article describes the implementation of digital storytelling in an English language class of eleventh graders at a private school in Mosquera, Colombia. It is a descriptive qualitative study, carried out for about six months by using digital tools to foster language production in the language learners. The implementation contained digital storytelling as a pedagogical strategy for developing the writing literacy practice. The personal stories and media literacy allowed the participants to combine both narratives and digital elements when writing in English in a collaborative work-group in which they co-constructed their stories. The data collected was analyzed by using ATLAS ti. Open questions looked for information about the writing process and the digital tools implemented when creating the stories. The findings revealed that the participants developed writing and speaking manners while assuming different roles. In addition, the digitalization of stories strengthened their multi-literacies. The participants’ recordings of their voices helped them improve their oral production without worrying about their classmates’ opinion. Finally, negotiation in the group roles, as writer, designer and media creator, played an important role when working in groups.

The purpose of the present study is to conduct a qualitative content analysis to explore factors affecting EFL learning in Iran. To achieve this aim, the researcher carried out face-to-face unstructured interviews with 10 EFL teachers and 12 university students. The researcher used MAX QDA 10 (Qualitative Data Analysis) software to analyze the data. In order to organize the data, open coding, creating categories, and abstraction processes were used. Using the conventional content analysis method, 950 primary codes were collected based on the participants’ own statements in the original codes. The researcher immersed himself in the data, listened to the interviews, reviewed transcribed notes several times, excluded overlapping codes and, finally, obtained 640 open codes out of 950 primary codes which were classified into 42 subcategories. This reduction process in all categories and subcategories continued until the researcher reached four main categories and finally one abstracted main theme. The four main categories were factors associated with ‘language planning and policy’, ‘teacher characteristics’, ‘environmental/social elements’, and ‘learners’ individual characteristics.’ It was concluded that the absence of the four mentioned factors leads to ‘inflamed EFL learning’. Finally, implications are drawn for language planners and policymakers (LPP) and EFL teachers.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the small group discussion method via breakout room zoom may boost student individual engagement in order for them to be more active and confident in learning speaking. This research study used a qualitative method with applied video analysis and questioners' perceptions of students as instruments. The findings found 17 active participants in the observation speaking class and 35 participants preferred small group discussions using the breakout room zoom application, with the majority preferring small group discussions because it helped them to be more active and confident. This method can also boost their confidence for more active participation for individual speaking in class, and they believe that small group discussions via breakout room zoom are the most effective way to deal with a pandemic.

Background: Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience have provided inspiring opportunities for the current understanding of the language-learning process and its neurological underpinnings. To date, several brain studies investigating the structure and functions of the language-learning process have provided reasonable explanations for biological aspects of language acquisition in addition to behavioral elucidations. Brain-related studies can provide valuable learning information for teachers to apply in classrooms. Accordingly, the current study investigated the impact of brain-based language instruction on medical students’ English-speaking skills. Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a control group, using a pre-test/post-test format with a four-month follow-up in brain-based language instruction, was used for this study. To test the hypotheses underpinning this research, 64 medical students (40 women and 24 men) in a required course in general English in the Department of Foreign Languages at the Islamic Azad University of Kerman participated in this study during the 2021-2022 academic year. Pre- and post-tests of speaking skills were administered to ascertain differences in participants from the beginning to the end of the study. Results: Analysis revealed that the experimental group, who received treatment in the form of a brain-based teaching approach, improved considerably in their speaking skill from the pre-test to the post-test (P

The research aims to investigate the students’ errors in speech production, to know the types of errors and the dominant errors that the first semester English Department students did in interpersonal speaking class. The research method used in this research was descriptive qualitative research. The subject of the research was the first semester English Department students. They were 30 students. They were selected randomly. The data was collected through observation and tape recorder. The instrument of the research was oral test. The data was analyzed by using Clark and Clark theory. The result of the research shows that there are six students’ errors in speech production. They are silent pause (54,15%), filled paused (9,74%), repetition (32,95%), unretraced (0,29%), correction (1,72%) and slip on the tongue (1,15%). The dominant errors in speech production is silent pause. The source of errors are cognitive reason, social reason, and psychological or affective reason. Besides that, students’ errors are also found in linguistic competence such as grammatical and pronunciation. And the causes of errors in linguistic competence are first language (mother language), translation, carelessness and language transfer.

Intervention in teaching listening and speaking skills using communicative language teaching approach and teaching strategies adopted from Applied Behaviour Analysis was designed and tested in the current research. Non-randomized pre-test post-test control group design was used in quasi-experimental research where fifty-two children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities fulfilling inclusive and exclusive criteria were placed into experimental and control groups from five special schools of Jammu district in J&K. BASIC-MR, a validated tool was used on both the groups as a pretest and post-test. Children in experimental groups were taught listening and speaking skills using communicative language teaching approach. ANCOVA analysis indicated F (1, 28) = 118.401, p =.000 in the children with mild intellectual disabilities, and F (1, 32) = 77.789, p =.000 in children with moderate intellectual disabilities. It was inferred that intervention was effective in developing listening and speaking skills of the children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities.

USING VISUAL LITERACY THROUGH IMAGES TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS TO LEARN ENGLISH. Existing in an image-rich world, as school students currently experience, does not mean that they naturally possess right visual literacy aptitudes as when they see an object (such as a picture), they just see what they see, they do not possess a considerable capability to understand, interpret, discover a meaning from an object or information they see. For that reason, students are supposed to possess visual literacy to perform that. Given the importance of utilizing visual literacy through a picture to motivate students in learning English, the writer of this article has the initiative to carry out community service to first-grade students of MTS Qurrotul Uyun. This community service discusses the utilization of visual literacy through colored pictures as a pedagogical tool, which can provide a precious and motivating resource for the students to learn English. The result of this community service suggests that English learning through colored pictures is potential to make the MTS Qurrotul Uyun first grade students motivated in learning pronunciation, speaking, and grammar. They feel that English learning through colored pictures in the classroom is more appealing and pleasurable as the pictures can both catch their mind attention and facilitate them to learn. Moreover, the colored pictures can make the MTS Qurrotul Uyun first grade students motivated and more involved actively in English learning.

This article reports on an action-research study which examined the impact of a radio program as a strategy to develop the speaking skills of a mixed course at a private institution in Colombia. Hence, data were collected from 18 students through tests, surveys, field notes, and interviews. The results indicate that there is an important relationship between the recording, broadcast, and reflection on a radio program and the development of students’ oral competence, their motivation for learning, the improvement of dialogue, and the coexistence of students.

Drama is seen as an effective way to improve young learners communication skills while enabling them a creative and authentic atmosphere. Teachers may help children by setting up a classroom in which many students enjoy creative activities such as drama. With the help of drama activities, students of young age can find it easy to produce the target language and participate in the activity willingly. The main aim of the study is to indicate the usefulness of drama activities for young learners of ESL in speaking classes. The study was conducted on 48 participants from 7th grade students at a private secondary school in Ankara. A qualitative study was conducted to find out whether dramatic activities are helpful for young learners of EFL in speaking classrooms through teacher's diaries, video tapes and interviews. To achieve 3 lesson plans were designed in a 6 week period, and each of the dramatic activities and the attitudes of students were observed. The results of this study aimed to prove that dramatic activities are helpful for young learners in speaking classrooms.

This study was purposed at investigating the effect of Fishbowl technique and students’ Interest toward the eighth Grade students’ speaking ability. The population of this study was 300 students of SMP Xaverius 1 Palembang. From the population, there were 30 students taken as sample of experimental group and 30 students were as control group. The sample was taken using two stages random sampling. In carrying out the research, the writer used a factorial group design. Finnaly the calculation using a two-way ANOVA was used to measure an interaction between fishbowl technique and students interest on their speaking ability. Test of Between-Subjects Effects analyses, the significant value of the techniques (fishbowl and conventional) and the students’ interest were 0.422, the probability sig. of technique was 0.175, and the interaction between high and low interest was 0.097 which higher than the significant level of p-value 0.05, it meant that there was no a significant interactions between students’ interest and techniques. So, the research hypothesis that stated “there is no an interaction between fishbowl technique and interest toward students’ speaking ability” was accepted and the null hypothesis was not rejected based on the data finding on chapter four.

The objectives of this study were to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in each aspect of writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant difference in writing and speaking achievements between the eighth grade students of SMP 1 Jarai who were taught by using Sociogram and those who were not, and to find out the perception of the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Jarai after they were taught by using Socoiogram. In this paper, an experimental research method with pre and post test control group design was used with 70 students as the sample divided into two groups, experimental and control group. However, only the students of the experimental group were taught by using Sociogram. The obtained data were analyzed by using t-test. The students were given questionnaire to know their perceptions. The result showed that there was a significant difference in both students? writing and speaking achievements after they were tought by using Sociogram. Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant difference in students? writing and speaking achievement between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, Sociogram improves the students? writing and speaking achievements.

Technology information and communication now takes the best attention from educators. It plays to be good or even better media in teaching and leraning process. Therefore, prospective English teachers should have good skill in creating new class atmosphere toward technology. They need to use technology to be the suitable media in learning English, especially speaking, since speaking is considered to be one of difficult skill. Ms Photo Story 3 is one of many computer applications that can be used as a media in teaching speaking. This present study focuses on the effect of Ms Photo Story 3 in improving prospective English teachers’ speaking and the response of using Ms Photo Story 3 in learning English, especially speaking. Experiment with one group, pre-test, treatment and post-test were employed in this study. The results showed that there are increasing prospective English teachers’ scores. It can be seen from the comparison score of pretest and posttest. Furthemore, the result from the questionaire revealed that the participants’ response after using Ms Photo Story 3 in speaking class is categorized good. Thus, it can be concluded that Ms Photo Story 3 is effective in giving prospective English teachers experiences to create digital speaking.

This study presents a quantitative study conducted in a private university in Central Java, Indonesia. The main aim of this study is to find problems and solutions in Speaking for Social Purposes class. A survey was done on seventy-four (74) students from an English Department (ED) about the difficulties and solutions they experienced in the speaking class. Hopefully, this study will be beneficial for both teachers and students of speaking classes.

Speaking can be said as one of the four basic skills in English. In every English textbook, there must be a speaking assessment. This research aims to analyze the five types of speaking assessments in the textbook “When English Rings a Bell for Grade VII”. The textbook analysis in this study considered five types in speaking assessment there are: 1. Imitative speaking tasks, 2. Intensive speaking tasks, 3. Responsive speaking tasks, 4. Interactive speaking tasks and, 5. Extensive speaking tasks. This study includes the design of descriptive qualitative. This study using a method of content analysis. The collection of the data was done through procedures: 1) looking, 2) observing, 3)analyzing the data based on Brown’s theory. The result of the study there are five types of speaking tasks in that textbook, but it has a different rate of the types. The textbook not only has a speaking task, it also has another skill of English there are reading, listening, and writing.

The study shows that language portfolio is an effective tool which is applied in students’ independent work. We aimed to survey students’ views on the usage of language portfolio; to define the types of students’ autonomy with teacher’s guidance that contribute to successful acquisition of lexical and grammatical competences within students’ independent work; to give recommendations to teachers about using language portfolio for building lexical and grammatical competences in ESP speaking. Thus, a mixed research design was employed. The qualitative research design relied on collecting data about students’ attitude to using language portfolio as a tool of building their lexical and grammatical competences in ESP speaking within their independent work. The quantitative research design was focused on interpreting the results and suggesting recommendations regarding students’ independent work in ESP learning. The research was held at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv during December-February of 2019-2020 academic year. The total number of full-time second-year students who took part voluntarily was 250. Also, five ESP teachers participated in the survey. Within the context of the study, the questionnaire was designed to identify students’ attitude towards learning aims, ways to achieve them, type of teacher’s guidance, practicability of keys, instructions, range of suitable techniques. The findings show that the students prefer relative autonomy and half-autonomy with a firm and relatively firm teacher’s guidance to follow while acquiring lexical and grammatical competences in ESP speaking. Most students admit that language portfolio is an effective tool which promotes significant progress in their lexical and grammatical competences in ESP speaking.

In this study, the aim is to raise the awareness of learners of Turkish as a foreign/second language by using reflective thinking stages (recalling experiences, researching causes, trying to change and improve experiences) and to improve their experiences by presenting solutions to the phonetic errors they frequently made in their pronunciation. The research is a qualitative study, and it is based on Bartlett's reflective teaching stages (mapping, informing, contesting, appraising and acting). The implementation stage lasted 8 class hours (400 minutes), consisting of two hours per week, at A2 level at the TÖMER İzmir branch of Ankara University. Following each implementation, reflections on the teaching process were obtained thanks to the diaries kept by both the learners and the researcher who carried out the implementation and created course reports, course records were formed and peer evaluations were obtained and, when needed, rearrangements were made. At the end of the implementation phase, the data obtained through the interviews with teachers and learners about the process, the findings of the new teaching process on the usefulness of work and the level of awareness for pronunciation were shared with the instructors and learners. It was concluded that the implementation led to a positive development in learners and that they acquired communicative skills by finding the opportunity to do speaking practice, through the reflective practices performed.

This research is an experimental research. This study aims to find out the effect of communication games as a teaching strategy and self-esteem toward students speaking skill at SMP Dr. Abd Ahmad PGAI Padang. The population of this research was students of grade VIII SMP Dr. Abd Ahmad PGAI Padang. The technique used is Cluster Random Sampling. The sample consists of students at VIII A as experimental class and VIII B as control class. In this research, the test is used to analize students’ speaking skill and questionnaire was used to collect self-esteem data. Data from the research were analyzed by using two-way t-test and ANOVA (ANOVA 2x2)4. The results of this research were (1) students taught with Communication Game have better speaking skills than students taught by conventional strategies, (2) the speaking skill of students with high self-esteem with Communication Game gives higher results than Conventional teaching strategies, (3) students 'speaking skills with low Self-Esteem with Communication Game gives higher results than conventional teaching strategies, and (4) there is no interaction between strategy and Self-Esteem in transactional text.

This paper is an attempt to explore EFL teachers’ opinions about the problems they encounter and proposals for solutions with regard to the speaking test implemented at a state university in Turkey. The participants were 22 EFL instructors teaching English at a state university in Turkey. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. The form was developed based on the review of literature. Among the content analysis methods, categorical analysis method and inductive analysis method were used to analyze the data obtained through semi-structured interview form administered to the teachers. The results were analyzed and discussed in terms of the speaking test and its implications for teaching and learning activities and testing. In the light of the study findings, majority of the teachers thought that time limitation is a factor that affects the validity and reliability of speaking test. In addition, teachers stated that formative assessment during the academic year would produce better results performances in testing speaking.

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The purpose of this research is to know how the learning process speaks English through "English Area" Program at SMK Negeri I Gorontalo. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data source is students in SMK Negeri I Gorontalo Class XI academic year 2015/2016. Data were collected using direct observation techniques on learning activities, interviews with teachers of English and students, documentation of learning outcomes and student achievement outcomes. The results show that the "English Area" program is well used to improve students' English speaking skills and can motivate them to use English. The conclusion is that English teachers at SMK Negeri I Gorontalo managed to create a way to make learners happy and interested in English speaking learning and their achievements increased.

The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ ability in speaking before and after using Communicative Language Teaching in learning English. The method in this research was experimental quantitative method by using quasi experimental design with one group pretest-posttest model. The design only see students’ achievement in speaking before and after using Communicative language Teaching. The object of the research was English Department students. They were randomly selected. The technique of collecting the data was done through observation and the data were gotten from the students when they did oral communication. The instrument in this research was oral test. The data were analyzed by using Lilliefors test, testing homogeneity F, and testing hypothesis by using T-test. The result of this study shown that the use of Communicative Language Teaching could improve students’ ability in speaking. It was proved from the students’ average was higher after using Communicative Language Teaching. The data in this research had normal distribution. Based on data analysis by using T-test was gotten that tcount = 6,59 at the significant level = 5% and dk (n-1) = (30-1) =29 was gotten ttable = 1,699. So, tcount > ttable. It proved that Ho was rejected, and Ha was accepted. It’s meant that there was a significant difference between students’ ability before and after implementing Communicative Language Teaching.