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Background and objectives Substance use behaviors have been identified as a risk factor that places juveniles at greater risk for engaging in delinquent behaviors and continual contact with the juvenile justice system. Currently, there is lack of research that explores comorbid factors associated with substance use, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, that could help identify youth who are at greatest risk. The aim of the present study was to examine if PTSD symptomology moderated the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and externalizing behaviors and commission of a violent crime; hypothesizing that risk would be heightened among youth with elevated SUD and PTSD symptomology compared to those with elevated SUD symptoms but lower PTSD symptoms. Method The study included 194 predominantly male (78.4%), non-White (74.2%) juvenile justice youth between the ages of 9-18 (M = 15.36). Youth provided responses to assess PTSD symptoms, SUD symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Commission of a violent crime was based on parole officer report. Results Findings indicated that SUD symptomology was associated with greater externalizing behaviors at high levels of PTSD symptomology. At low levels of PTSD symptomology, SUD symptoms were inversely associated with externalizing behaviors. An interactive relationship was not observed for commission of violent crimes. Conclusions Findings suggest that the association between SUD symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile offenders may be best explained by the presence of PTSD symptomology. Scientific significance Addressing PTSD rather than SUD symptoms may be a better target for reducing risk for externalizing behaviors among this population of youth (Am J Addict 2019;28:29-35).

Using the Career Key as a criterion measure, the validity of the Strong Interest Explorer was tested with a sample of Latino junior high school and senior high school students. A total of 85 Hispanic youth were administered the Strong Interest Explorer and the Career Key in counterbalanced order. Separate correlational analyses were conducted for (a) the total sample, (b) junior high/senior high students, and (c) males/females. Results generally offered support for the validity of the Strong Interest Explorer Artistic, Social and Enterprising scales but not the Investigative, Conventional or Realistic scales. Cautions regarding use of the Strong Interest Explorer with Latino youth are discussed. ********** Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States. According to the 2000 Census, there are 35.3 million Latinos living in the U. S. It is expected that by 2050, Latinos will represent approximately 25 percent of the total U.S. population. Latinos are also one of the youngest population groups in the United States. One-third of Latinos are under 18 years of age, and they represent approximately 15 percent of the K-12 population (2002 National Directory, 2002). Furthermore, between the years 2000 and 2025, the U.S. Census Bureau projects that the number of working-age Latino Americans will increase by 18 million. However, only 57 percent of Latinos 25 years and older have completed high school. Twenty-seven percent of Latinos have less than a high school education. College-qualified Latino students are the only racial/ethnic group significantly less likely than other college-qualified students to pursue post-secondary education (2002 National Directory, 2002). According to the National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS), only 55% of Latino eighth graders expect to get college degrees (Our Nation on the Fault Line, 1996). Latino youth continue to be underrepresented in higher education. According to the 2000 Census, only 10.6 percent of Hispanics have attained a bachelor's degree. In 1996, Latinos represented only 4 percent of students in graduate school and approximately 8 percent of first-year professional students. Latino American high school graduates still trail other population groups in attaining college degrees, according to a report recently released by the Pew Hispanic Center (PHC) (Fry, 2002). Only 35% of Latino high school graduates 18 to 24 years old are enrolled in college compared to 46% of whites. The Baccalaureate degree completion rate for Latinos is currently at 10%. This combines to produce the lowest completion rates and highest dropout rates for the fastest growing minority group in the US (McGlynn, 2001). Latinos also tend to be over-represented in occupational categories such as farming, labor, factory-type work, and service industry occupations. Only 28% of males of Latino descent hold upper-level managerial, technical, and administrative positions, compared to 48% of nonLatino males. As the level of education or skill increases for a particular job, the percentage of Latinos in that position diminishes (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1988). Under-representation of Latino workers is especially severe in high-tech jobs that require college or graduate degrees, due to unequal access to the types of postsecondary education required for science and technology jobs. Only 1.3% of Latinos had college-educated technical jobs. Latinos are also underrepresented in education, health care, management, accounting, sales, and marketing (Our Nation on the Fault Line, 1996). Similarly, Latinos remain severely underrepresented in science and engineering education, and male Latinos are disproportionately represented among the lower levels of employment in manufacturing. In academic settings, Latinos represented only 2.7% of doctoral science and engineering faculty in 1995 (Muller-Karger, 2000). Clearly, such dismal statistics offer strong evidence that this population of students is in dire need of career development services and career planning assistance. …

Alewives were collected by nighttime gill netting during summer 1999 from 12 Connecticut lakes that support landlocked populations to determine relationships between population characteristics and physicochemical lake variables. Mean catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) ranged from 0.2 to 16.4 age-1 and older alewives per net hour. Maximum ages of alewives among lakes ranged from two to five years, and mean back-calculated length-at-age-1, used to index growth rate, ranged from 78 to 146 mm. Mean back-calculated length-at-age-1 was positively correlated with mean relative condition factor (Kn), watershed area:lake surface area ratio, watershed area:lake volume ratio, lake surface area:lake volume ratio, conductivity, total nitrogen, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, and chlorophyll a, and negatively correlated with retention time, maximum lake depth, mean lake depth, and transparency. Mean Kn ranged from 0.93 to 1.23 and was positively correlated with mean back-calculated length-at-age-1, watershed area:la...

We conducted a survey of the history of psychology course and received 357 undergraduate syllabi. Despite wide variation in the syllabi, several trends emerged. For instance, most instructors depend heavily on textbooks to organize their courses, and three textbooks accounted for more than 60% of book choices. Newer areas of historical interest did not appear in the course syllabi to any substantial degree.

Direct sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1] has found widespread use in population genetic and phylogenetic research over the past few years. Recently, nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes have been reported in diverse eukaryotic species, often confounding such research (reviewed in [2,3]). Under certain circumstances, nuclear pseudogenes can be amplified more efficiently than the intended mtDNA target, even when using as template mtDNA that has been purified by gradient centrifugation [4]. If the transfer of the gene copy to the nucleus happened recently, it can be difficult – if not impossible – to identify the legitimate mitochondrial sequence. Here, we present a simple method that can identify expressed mitochondrial genes, using the cytochrome b gene of the particularly problematical proboscis monkey as an example. Because mtDNA is transcribed and processed into polyadenylated mRNAs [5,6], reverse transcription coupled to PCR can be used to amplify the expressed mitochondrial version. This method produced an unambiguous sequence for the proboscis monkey mitochondrial cytochrome b gene; in contrast, traditional DNA-based PCR methods produced ambiguous sequence, because many nuclear pseudogenes were present. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene suggests that the proboscis monkey groups with the Asian langurs, rather than forming a sister taxon to all Asian and African colobines as was previously suggested [7]. Reverse transcriptase-coupled PCR should be applicable to many other cases of nuclear transfer of mtDNA, including those involving ribosomal genes.

The hypothesis tested is whether lesbianism implies psychopathology. The MMPI was given to 26 nonpatient lesbians who were professionally employed full time, and the results were compared to those for a group of 29 similarly employed heterosexual women. With the exception of the Sc scale, no difference was found on the clinical scales. The lesbian group achieved a significantly higher elevation than the nonlesbians on the Mf and Sc scales. Further analysis of the data on the Sc subscales indicated no difference on the pathological part of the scale, but rather a difference in degree of social alienation. Analysis of the data according to a second variable, living status, found significant differences and has important implications for future studies of the lesbian population. Single women, regardless of sexual orientation, scored significantly higher on scales K and Pa and on the Pa subscale naivete. A significant interaction between sexual orientation and living status was achieved on one scale, the F scale.