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Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: The aim of this study is to describe radiological appearance of “claw-sign”. We provide a notion that readers could find helpful and applicable in their current practice. One of our objectives is to narrow the differential diagnosis list when...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: We aim to spark the interest of radiologists in the frequently neglected basal forebrain by simplifying the anatomy and correlating the functionality. In this educational essay, we compile an anatomical guide of the basal forebrain (BF) nuclei and a...

Education in the 21st century must have a vision that will support and empower teachers to face the demands of the digital age. The use of information communication technology (ICT) in education can serve this end but ensuring access to digital resources will not address the digital disparity. Culture and language play an equally important role in exacerbating and maintaining the digital disparity as the traditional factor of access. In the study reported on here we investigated the experiences and attitudes of Setswana-speaking teachers in 3 primary schools in the North West province, South Africa, as they were exposed to online software in Setswana, an indigenous African language. Purposive sampling was used to select 7 teachers for the study. Two research questions were answered using systematic self-observation (SSO) instruments, the participant observation (PO) instrument and the in-depth interview (IDI) instrument to determine the experiences and attitudes of the teachers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. It was found that accuracy of translation was key for adopting and using software in an African language. The teachers felt that English was the language of ICT and that African languages were not intellectual languages and did not have the capacity to be used in ICT. It is, therefore, recommended that more must be done to translate software into African languages and an effort must be made to raise the status of African languages in academic and technical fields.

The majority of software that is localised, i.e., adapted or Lithuanised as a product to the Lithuanian market, language, culture, social norms and values, is originally engineered and designed in the United States of America. Despite the fact that internationalisation has to be carried out as a process of neutralising and standardising the software for further localisation of the product, it is usually carried out incompletely or in some cases might be unperformed at all, if companies have not considered the product to be sold globally. Thus, the software contains attributes, for example, writing conventions, legal norms and rules, culture-specific items, metaphors and other that reflect the source culture and language of the software. Software related texts, online help documents, resource files, messages and other contain various metaphors that are related to applications, malfunctioning, software components and menu items and hardware. At the same time, conceptual metaphors represent the worldview, and its perception is pertinent only to some specific language users. The idea of localisation is both to adapt products to target users in terms of their culture and language and make them feel that the product was designed and created for them. Thus, taking in mind that conceptual metaphors represent the perception of the worldview, the crucial question arises, if it is possible to adapt, i.e., Lithuanise, conceptual metaphors to such an extent that they would reflect the worldview and perception of the target language and culture the tropes are used to represent, categorise and depict. At the same time, it becomes interesting to examine how the trope is being changed in the target language as well as analyse the capacities of the language to change, adapt to and embrace new things it has to name., Programinė įranga, kuri yra lokalizuojama, t. y. lietuvinama ir pritaikoma lietuvių kalbai, kul- tūrai ir jos naudotojams dažniausiai yra sukurta ne Lietuvoje, o Amerikoje įsikūrusiose pro- graminės įrangos diegimo įmonėse. Todėl natūralu, kad originaliam produktui būdingi tam tikri požymiai (pvz., kultūrinės realijos, metaforos, teisiniai reikalavimai ir kt.), signalizuojantys ir atspindintys amerikietišką kultūrą. Programinės įrangos, kompiuterijos ir kituose su informacinėmis technologijomis susijusiuose tekstuose gausu metaforų. Programinės įrangos dalys, kompiuterio sugedimas, kompiuterio dalys, funkcijos, menu pavadinimai, komponentai ir pan. yra dažnai apibūdinami (konceptualiomis) metaforomis, kurios atspindi pasaulėžiūrą, pasau- lio kategorizaciją ir suvokimą, būdingą tik tos kalbos vartotojams. Lokalizacijos esmė yra pritaikyti produktą tiks- liniams naudotojams, jų rinkai, kalbai ir kultūrai ir kartu ir sukurti iliuziją, kad produktas tarsi buvo sukurtas nau- dotojui, naudotojo šalyje. Todėl atsižvelgiant į tai, kad metaforos, kurios yra naudojamos programinės įrangos ar programų dalyse ir atspindi tam tikrą pasaulio suvokimą, yra įdomu tirti, kaip jos yra keičiamos, kai produktas yra lokalizuojamas ir pritaikomas tam tikrai rinkai, kalbai ir kultūrai. Taip pat kartu kyla klausimas, ar galima lokalizuoti per metaforas išreiškiamą pasaulėžiūrą. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra ne tik ištirti ir apžvelgti, kaip yra lokalizuojamos programinės įrangos metaforos, kai programinė įranga yra lietuvinama, ar jos yra išlaikomos, asimiliuojamos, ir atsakyti į klausimą, ar galima „lokalizuoti pasaulėžiūrą“, bandant sukurti iliuziją, kad produktas tarsi buvo sukurtas tai tikslinei kalbai ir rinkai, t. y. lietuviams ir Lietuvai.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Extra-adrenal Pheochromoctoma alias Paragangliomas are a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from the neuroectodermally derived paraganglionic cells scattered throughout the...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: -Review of the functional neuroanatomy of the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem neuroanatomy. -Review of the normal cerebral arterial territories. -Recognize the clinical syndromes associated with a number of cerebral ischemic...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: - Describe through clinical cases the location of lesions observed in neuroimage techniques and correlate with the clinical motor presentation. - Guide the most suited radiologic exploration, CT v/s MR, based on topographic neuroaxis...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: 1. To learn the indications of various breast interventions under image guidance. 2. Pre-procedural check list. 3. Steps of each procedure. 4. Post procedural check list. 5. Complications and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: -To describe the use of functional MRI (fMRI) in surgery planning for patients with low-grade brain tumour. -Importance of fMRI in the clinical setting based on patient cases imaged in the MRI...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Become familiar with normal inner ear imaging anatomy. Describe CT and MRI imaging features and differential diagnosis of common, less common and rare, but important inner ear lesion children. Describe the common classification system of inner ear...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Know how to recognize adenomyosis on imaging Identify the pathologies that are frequently associated with it in order to guide the therapeutic management of symptomatic patients. To know the role of adenomyosis in female...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Correlate the clinical findings with those found in the radiological image characteristic of involvement by M.tuberculosis in the central nervous system (CNS). Describe the main imaging findings in tuberculous meningitis and know the most...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Gastrointestinal tract perforation is one of the most common surgical emergencies, it is associated with a high rate of mortality, the fact that makes its diagnosis a priority. MDCT represents the modality of choice due to the high sensitivity in...

This article presents a qualitative content analysis of the instruction material used by the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta for its mandatory civic education course, which was introduced in the year 2000/2001 in collaboration with US-based The Asia Foundation. Kicked off during the Indonesian democratisation process, the so-called Reformasi (1998–2004), the course aimed at socialising Muslim students into the values and norms of democracy, human and civil rights, and critical thinking. By focusing on the content of the chapter on “Democracy” in the course’s original and revised textbook, it is shown that the Islamic academics involved in the creation of the course acted as cosmopolitan brokers between Islamic, Indonesian and Western culture, but in the course of time shifted to promote democracy from an increasingly Islamic and Indonesian perspective, thereby engaging in a practice of localisation. However, the textbooks also featured several biases, inconsistencies and contradictions that mitigated their pedagogic quality and that are critically assessed in this article. Despite these shortcomings, it is argued that due to the course’s overall strong pro-democratic commitment and its strategic institutionalisation on campus, the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, with its academic milieu, must be understood as a pro-democratic actor whose political agency during as well as after Reformasi deserves more scholarly attention., International Quarterly for Asian Studies, Bd. 52 Nr. 1-2 (2021): The Governing of (In)Security. Politics and Securitisation in the Asian Context

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic brought unprecedented changes leading to ‘business unusual’ in all facets of life and livelihood on a global scale. The restrictions on gathering, social distancing and lockdown measures necessitated by the need to curtail its spread, had, and still have an enormous impact on the educational sector as indeed all spheres of life. These measures implied a change in the traditional modus operandi of curriculum and delivery options for educational institutions in South Africa in the bid to continue academic sessions. Hence, a transition of educational institutions from physical interactions to virtual meetings and the need to evolve curriculum contents and delivery. Aim: With the peculiarity of the South African socioeconomic and political space, this article assessed the viability of curriculum change and delivery options (e-teaching and learning) for both students and instructors in the higher institution and the varied implications. It drew from discourses around the theory of localisation within educative context to create a more student-centred approach especially with the situation of less physical contact. Setting: The discourse is set within the South African educational space. Method: Considering the novelty of Covid-19 research and the challenge of contact, the study adopted a participatory action desktop research method to collect and analyse secondary data. The article vividly discussed how institutions transitioned to a localisation of frameworks and policies to ensure successful academic sessions. Results: The educational landscape in South Africa is still plagued with historical antecedents of social injustice, funding, and resource allocation as well as the ever-present pressure of making education affordable to majority of local students. Also, the weakness of the online teaching methods to the physical contact method for learners and practitioners could be summed up into the issues of connectivity, technical knowledge, and attention span. Conclusion: The conclusion enumerated the need for the implementation of policies and frameworks on proper utilisation of online systems to adjust to the demands of less contact-based approaches in favour of virtual approaches. The study called for adequate consideration to issues around the localisation of teaching and learning techniques considering the peculiarities of South Africa with focus on the opportunities, feasibility, and challenges of online measures especially for those in economically disadvantaged spaces.

El artículo abarca las dinámicas de localización y circulación de saberes africanos como producción de conocimiento, permitiendo entender que estas dos dinámicas no se reducen a procesos e interacciones de las habilidades locales. Por el contrario, se basa en el interés de los antropólogos africanistas y los debates internacionales para describir procesos organizados como son las redes de producción y transmisión de saberes y habilidades, proporcionando una interpretación de estas interacciones en términos de aprendizaje y desarrollo. África históricamente ha sobrellevado relaciones desiguales en sus «saberes locales» y su latente peligro de desaparición, por tal razón, el texto se enfoca en el reconocimiento de estos periodos y la importancia de una nueva política de desarrollo a lo «local». El término «saber local» fue adquiriendo una visión de conocimientos africanos calificada como saberes autóctonos, los cuales son excluidos del campo científico y el mundo occidental. Por su parte en calidad de darle un carácter político surge la «localización» con un efecto de identificar habilidades y saberes relacionadas con un lugar. La circulación se enfoca en la transmisión, transferencia o intercambio, para subrayar la diversidad de los procesos, de las redes y de los filtros por los que «pasan» los conocimientos. Los conocimientos son seleccionados, adaptados, a veces formulados de nuevo antes de ser valorizados, reconocidos e instrumentados, en función de ciertos procesos, compromisos y prácticas que conviene conocer mejor. Se entiende como la articulación entre actividades materiales e intelectuales dando esa transformación a un mundo sociocultural. El autor concluye que las dinámicas localización y circulación son dos procesos que difícilmente pueden trabajar por separado; las dos dinámicas están organizadas por redes orientadas y colaborativas. L'article traite de la dynamique de la localisation et de la circulation des connaissances africaines en tant que production de connaissances, ce qui nous permet de comprendre que ces deux dynamiques ne se réduisent pas aux processus et aux interactions entre compétences locales. Au contraire, il s'appuie sur l'intérêt des anthropologues africains et des débats internationaux pour décrire les processus organisés tels que les réseaux de production et de transmission des connaissances et des compétences, en fournissant une interprétation de ces interactions en termes d'apprentissage et de développement. L'Afrique a historiquement subi des relations inégales par rapport à ses « savoirs locaux » et le danger latent de leur disparition. C'est pourquoi le texte se centre sur la reconnaissance de ces périodes et sur l'importance d'une nouvelle politique de développement « local ». L'expression « savoirs locaux » a permis d'acquérir une vision des savoirs africains qualifiés de savoirs autochtones, qui sont exclus du domaine scientifique et du monde occidental. À son tour, pour lui donner un caractère politique, la « localisation » a pour effet d'identifier les compétences et les connaissances liées à un lieu. La circulation se concentre sur la transmission, le transfert ou l'échange, pour souligner la diversité des processus, des réseaux et filtres à travers lesquels les connaissances « passent ». Elles sont sélectionnées, appropriées, reformulées parfois, avant d’être valorisées, reconnues, instrumentées suivant des procédés, des engagements et des pratiques qu’il convient de mieux connaître. La circulation est comprise comme l'articulation entre les activités matérielles et intellectuelles produisant cette transformation d’un monde socioculturel. L'auteur conclut que les dynamiques de localisation et de circulation sont deux processus qui peuvent difficilement fonctionner séparément ; les deux dynamiques sont organisées par des réseaux orientés et collaboratifs. The article deals with the dynamics of the localisation and circulation of African knowledge as knowledge production, allowing us to understand that these two dynamics are not reduced to processes and interactions between local competencies. On the contrary, it draws on the interest of African anthropologists and international debates to describe organised processes such as networks of production and transmission of knowledge and skills, providing an interpretation of these interactions in terms of learning and development. Africa has historically experienced unequal relations with its “local knowledge” and the latent danger of their disappearance. This is why the text focuses on the recognition of these periods and the importance of a new “local” development policy. The expression “local knowledge” has made it possible to acquire a vision of African knowledge qualified as indigenous knowledge, which is excluded from the scientific field and from the Western world. In turn, in order to give it a political character, “localisation” has the effect of identifying the skills and knowledge linked to a place. Circulation focuses on the transmission, transfer or exchange, as a means of emphasizing the diversity of the processes, networks and filters through which knowledge “passes”. Knowledge is necessarily selected, appropriated, sometimes reformulated, before being promoted, recognized and instrumentalized according to procedures, commitments and practices that need to be better understood. Circulation is understood as the articulation between material and intellectual activities producing this transformation of a socio-cultural world. The author concludes that the dynamics of localisation and circulation are two processes that can hardly function separately; both dynamics are organised by oriented and collaborative networks.

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Wernicke's encephalopathy is a severe neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. In our context, it is much more largely caused by hyperemesis gravidarum or other conditions causing malabsorption. Its clinical and radiological...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Atherosclerosis is a disease of progressive degenerative vascular involvement of extreme prevalence, mainly in the elderly population, being according to World Health Organization (WHO) the main cause of stroke. The main characteristics of the...

In this paper we aim to describe and explain current spatial distribution of creative industries in Czechia. We ask to what extent are localisation patterns of creative industries influenced by specific local contexts. Therefore, we employed a typology of regions (close to local labour areas) that may explain spatial distribution of creative industries: metropolitan cores, metropolitan hinterlands, old industrial regions, urban and rural regions. We use general linear models combining the regional typology as a fixed factor and four covariates – employment density, density of cultural industries, mean firm size in creative industries and diversity of economic activities. We employed horizontal localisation quotient of regional employment in creative industries for the year 2014 as a dependent variable. Our main finding is that the regional typology explains a higher share of variability of the dependent variable (relative specialisation in creative industries) than any other explanatory variable. However, after exclusion of metropolitan cores, the model lost a significant amount of its explanatory power. Urban size/density and position in urban hierarchy are the key explanatory variables. We found only limited empirical evidence that regional contexts affect localisation of CI – regions of similar population/economic size do not differ significantly in spatial concentration of CI.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To recognize subcapsular hepatic collections as well as to define their possible origins. Traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, infiltrative and metastatic disease are some of the aetiologies that can result in subcapsular hepatic...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. To recall the epidemiology and demographic characteristics of posterior fossa cystic lesions. 2. To review MRI imaging characteristics of the most common posterior fossa cystic lesions in children. 3. To describe the differential diagnosis of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Pre-fistula evaluation: To document and map the normal and variant anatomy of upper limb superficial veins and their relation with arteries. Post-fistula evaluation: To document the AV fistula, flow volume and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To discuss the Ultrasound (US) anatomy of anterolateral ligaments and recess of ankle. To illustrate US appearances of anterolateral ligaments tear and anterolateral impingement (ALI). To describe the role of ultrasound guided interventions in...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To know all the cerebral herniations and to understand the mechanisms by which its complications may...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Describe common and less common pathologies resulting in female groin swelling Describe the radiological appearances of the pathologies Apply a structured approach to formulating a differential...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: The aim of this presentation is to shed light on the difference between the adoption and coexistence of a new technique for localizing impalpable breast lesions with magnetic seeds, and to share our experience after a year's use. To describe how the...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To review the different types of vaginal neoplasia (primary and vaginal metastases) and their incidence. To review the staging of primary vaginal cancer and its assessment with MRI. To describe MRI features of vaginal metastases and differential...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To illustrate the clinico-radio-pathological findings in tumor induced osteomalacia Present a systematic review of all the cases of TIO from the literature. To provide a diagnostic work-flow for a suspected...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To recognize the presence and distribution of extra-luminal free gas on computed tomography (CT) studies To understand the anatomy of the potential spaces associated with extra-luminal free gas and how it affects the gas distribution, using this...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Learning objectives Learn how to perform ultrasound-guided wire localisation (UGWL) in the head and neck Appreciate the range of uses for UGWL in head and neck surgery Understand the advantages of using UGWL in scenarios of impalpable lesions and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: -Delineate the role of imaging based on CT and MRI in the diagnosis of mucormycosis and their findings. -Illustrate some of the uncommon features of mucormycosis according to its...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. To illustrate the main imaging features of GEP-NETs. 2. Topresent case-based clinical and imaging challenges with histopathological...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: By the end of this presentation, the learner will be able to: Recognize the history of localization techniques. Review technical aspects of radar reflector localization. Discuss the benefits and pitfalls of this technique. Describe strategies to...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To review Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODMS) in children, not being a common pathology. The objetive was to show where these brain lesions are usually found in children in central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) vs extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) as...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To identify and describe the most common findings in different thoracic structures that are usually missed during the evaluation of chest CTs; to suggest a method to examine everything in the CT scan throughout the use of acronyms, to be sure you...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: -To detail the different manifestations of Tuberculosis. -To demonstrate the effectiveness of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Fundamental principles and techniques of Diffusion Tensor Imaging(DTI). Simplifiedbasis of DTI metrics such as Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity(MD), Axial Diffusivity(Da) and Radial Diffusivity(Dr). Application of DTI and DTI metrics in...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To describe a technique of mammography guided wire localization at the 6 o’clock position of the breast in a digital mammogram without the use of stereotactic equipment or prone...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Define an iatrogenic fistula. Demonstrate in a case based format a variety of cases with iatrogenic fistulas in different regions of the body. Illustrate in a multimodality approach their imaging findings from straightforward to challenging cases....

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: In post surgical cases suspected of cholesteatoma recidivism imaging is crucial for determining the extent of the disease and location. MR non-echoplanar diffusion weighted imaging detects cholesteatoma with sensitivity reaching 91,4%, high positive...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To review and help understand the complex imaging anatomy of peritoneum, including peritoneal spaces and reflections with corresponding CT images. To describe the route of spread of disease across the potential spaces and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To discuss the normal and the variant anatomy involving the CVJ region and the various craniometric measurements used for the radiologic assessment of region. To discuss various congenital and acquired anomalies involving CVJ. Radiological workup of...