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Background :Academic stress is the major cause of stress in graduate and post graduate students and is a concern for mental health problems in students .Perceived academic stress may occur in response to examination .Covid-19 caused a paradigm shift from offline to online teaching-learning and examination .The online mode of examination may lead to variation in perceived academic stress of examination in graduate and post graduate Indian students. The perceived academic stress response to online mode of examination post covid-19 and the factors leading to it have not been identified. Aim and objectives : To find the level of perception of academic stress of online examination in graduate and post graduate Indian students post covid19 and identify the major factors leading to perception of academic stress. The objective was to identify the variation in perceived academic stress in response to online examination in graduate and post graduate students and study the corelation between demographic variables and perceived academic stress in both graduate and postgraduate students . Study design : A cross sectional study. Methods and Material :Step 1 was to create a google form (basic demographic data and perception of academic stress scale ).

Introduction: Measurement of bone or any part of human body provides accurate knowledge about morphology of the structure which helps the clinicians in diagnosing and treating various diseases. Due to present lifestyle and with its speed, it has resulted in increase in the incidence of assaults on the vertebral column in the form of different spinal pathologies such as prolapsed intervertebral discs, spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, fractures [1]. The horizontal diameter of pedicle decides the screw diameter. The transverse (width) and vertical (height) parameters of pedicle help in determining the screw path. So, the pedicle morphometry becomes important in the selection of most suited pedicle screw. The morphometry of the pedicle may vary from population to population. Aims and objectives: To investigate the variability of the morphology and provide morphometric data of crucial parameters useful for accurate designing and placement of lumber pedicle screw. The result of this study can be used to carry out larger studies. Method and Materials: This prospective study is based on Salim A. Lad et al. [2]. Data was collected by CT scan measurement of the pedicles along with its parameters (vertical height and width), and was compared with other associated studies with a collection of a mixed group of 80 patients age group of 18–60 years admitted to R.N.T Medical College and M. B. Hospital, Udaipur. Result: The mean L1 pedicle width from left is 7.20mm and from right side is 7.23, L2 pedicle width from left is 7.88 and from right side is 7.90, L3 pedicle width from left is 9.20 and from right side is 9.23, L4 pedicle width from left is 10.5 and from right side is 10.51 and L5 pedicle width from left is 12.7 and from right side is 12.7mm. Conclusion: In the present study we have made an attempt to understand the morphometry of the lumbar pedicles to decrease the risk of postoperative complications. The present study concludes that the different dimensions of the pedicle which have been studied would be of great help for successful pedicle screw fixation and also for quantification of spinal stenosis. There are, of course, a few limitations in our study.

Background: Child feeding practices are the major contributors to the growth of children and have a crucial impact on the nutritional status of children. Awareness about the role of breastfeeding and complementary foods along with the knowledge about their nutritional benefits for the development, growth of infants is very important especially in rural areas. Objective: To know breastfeeding practices and nutritional status among children with focus on strengthening these practices to improve the health of infants in Uttarakhand. Material and Methods: Z-score test for two population proportions was used for specifying the significance level and test P-value was used for comparing the state i.e. Uttarakhand and its districts according to the two divisions namely, Kumaon and Garhwal. Results: In Kumaon division, the districts with healthy child feeding practices was observed were Udham Singh Nagar and Bageshwar, whereas in Garhwal division, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, and Rudraprayag were the districts with better practices as compared to the whole state. It was also observed that Garhwal division is rated higher than Kumaon division for best child feeding practices adopted while raising children. Conclusion: Through this study, it has been concluded that breastfeeding was prevalent in rural women but there lies a scope of improvement in their knowledge pertaining to the feeding practices. Keywords: Child Feeding, Breastfeeding, Complementary feeding, Infants, Nutrition, Uttarakhand

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a form of infections that includes issues with the hormone insulin. It is described by constant rise of blood glucose level surprising ordinary esteem. In this paper, an exertion has been made to fit scientific model to diabetic patients and additionally its total dispersion for both genders related with time of rural population from Dehradun district, Uttarakhand.Methods: For this reason, the information have been taken from field overview in rural hilly population of Dehradun district. In this investigation, an endeavor has been given to demonstrate that the polynomial model is attempted to fit to the conveyance of diabetic patients related with age and also its cumulative distribution.Results: The fitted model provides statistically significant values with R2=0.9997 and ρcv2= 0.994857. This is the polynomial of degree four, i.e. bi-quadratic polynomial model. The polynomial model is assumed for the cumulative distribution of diabetic patients associated with age and the fitted model provides statistically significant values providing R2= 0.99998 and ρcv2= 0.999983 and shrink-age coefficient=0.00001414. This is the polynomial of degree three, i.e. cubic polynomial model. From this statistic we see that the fitted models are highly cross-validated, and their shrinkages are 0.004842857 and 0.00001414 for the models (1) and (2) respectively.Conclusions: It is discovered that the distribution of diabetic patients for both genders related with age takes after bi-quadratic polynomial model. In addition, it is found that cumulative distribution of diabetic patients takes as cubic polynomial model. Cross validity prediction power is utilized to the fitted model to verify the stability of the model in this study.