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We investigated the impact of hearing loss on the neural processing of speech. Using a forward modelling approach, we compared the neural responses to continuous speech of 14 adults with sensorineural hearing loss with those of age-matched normal-hearing peers. Compared with their normal-hearing peers, hearing-impaired listeners had increased neural tracking and delayed neural responses to continuous speech in quiet. The latency also increased with the degree of hearing loss. As speech understanding decreased, neural tracking decreased in both populations; however, a significantly different trend was observed for the latency of the neural responses. For normal-hearing listeners, the latency increased with increasing background noise level. However, for hearing-impaired listeners, this increase was not observed. Our results support the idea that the neural response latency indicates the efficiency of neural speech processing: More or different brain regions are involved in processing speech, which causes longer communication pathways in the brain. These longer communication pathways hamper the information integration among these brain regions, reflected in longer processing times. Altogether, this suggests decreased neural speech processing efficiency in HI listeners as more time and more or different brain regions are required to process speech. Our results suggest that this reduction in neural speech processing efficiency occurs gradually as hearing deteriorates. From our results, it is apparent that sound amplification does not solve hearing loss. Even when listening to speech in silence at a comfortable loudness, hearing-impaired listeners process speech less efficiently. ispartof: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE vol:55 issue:6 pages:1671-1690 ispartof: location:France status: published

AimsRecent reviews have demonstrated broad links between performing arts participation (e.g. music-making; dancing; acting) and receptive engagement (e.g. listening to music; attending a dance/theatre performance) and improved health, including reduced disease and mortality risk. However, no investigations to date have interrogated the links between community-level performing arts activity (i.e. participation + receptive engagement) and health outcomes – i.e. do the performing arts help create healthy communities? This study aims to address this question by examining links between performing arts activity and health outcomes across 500 cities in the United States.MethodsSecondary analysis of demographic, health outcome, performing arts activity (estimated by annual performing arts revenue), and preventive/unhealthy behaviour data for 500 large cities in the United States – data extracted from the US Centers for Disease Control 500 Cities Project, Dun & Bradstreet Hoovers Database, and US Census. Links between performing arts activity and 12 health/disease outcomes were evaluated using a series of hierarchical beta regression models which progressively controlled for demographic variables and preventive/unhealthy behaviour prevalence.ResultsThe 500 analysed US cities comprise 33.4% of the total US population and 84,010 performing arts businesses (total annual revenue $27.84 billion). No significant associations were found between performing arts activity and nine of twelve health outcomes in fully adjusted models (p≥.17). Statistically significant relationships (pConclusionsThis study contributes to a growing body of conflicting epidemiologic evidence regarding the impact of the performing arts on health/disease and mortality outcomes, evaluated using a range of disparate methodologies. A consensus, psychometrically rigorous approach is required to address this prevailing uncertainty in future epidemiologic studies examining effects of performing arts activities both within and across countries and communities.

Cultural and linguistic diversity in educational settings is the new normal internationally. However, domestic research shows that Indigenous Australian students are still not benefiting from school. Despite global research on Culturally Responsive Pedagogies and Reggio Emilia being proven to work with minoritised groups in settler societies, little research exists in Australia. This paper addresses this noticeable gap in the literature, bringing into dialogue the culturally responsive pedagogy movement with Reggio Emilia principles for theoretical nuanced examination of listening pedagogies. This dialogue seeks to shift epistemological and ontological framings of the child and their schooling experience. The paper argues for a deterritorialising of Indigenous ways of being and knowing that view learning as socially and culturally mediated. A central finding is that culturally responsive Reggio Emilia inspired practice offers educational change through a decolonising frame using instructional dimensions of relational and dialogic teaching. The paper concludes that reductive pedagogy constrains Indigenous listening and learning and that explicitly connecting curriculum to students’ cultural strengths is an instructional reform opportunity for reterritorialising pedagogy. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

PURPOSE To explore solution-focused coaching (SFC) as a means to enhance pediatric rehabilitation practitioners' development of listening skills. METHODS Six clinicians each participated in two SFC sessions with an experienced coach who used a practice model developed for pediatric rehabilitation (SFC-peds). The transcribed interviews were analyzed by inductive content analysis to identify the coach's use of relational strategies and the nature of what was being co-constructed in the sessions. RESULTS The coach used six relational strategies (e.g., supporting reflective and critical thinking). Through dialogue and reflection, the coach and clinician co-constructed four important outcomes, including shared meaning, awareness and discovery of strengths and values, discovery of strategies and opportunities, and forward movement. CONCLUSIONS The study informs our understanding of the relational processes and benefits of SFC conversations. These conversations appear to provide an optimal learning space to enhance professional development, by facilitating the co-creation of meaning, awareness, and intentionality.

Recently, the patient-centered and comprehensive dental treatment are emphasized as the same important competency as traditional clinical skill training in dental education. It is a silver lining to reorganize current dental education and redefine the role of dentistry to dentist, patient, and society. Narrative medicine has emerged as a variant from medical humanities and takes inspiration from philosophy, literature, poetry, art, ethics, and social sciences. Narrative medicine adds humanistic care with empathy and listening to patients in daily care. In this article, we introduce the definition of narrative medicine, the concept of narrative dentistry, implementation of narrative medicine into dental education, and challenges in initiating narrative dentistry. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, it also affords the opportunity to initiate narrative medicine into dental education, dentist could emerge to heal patient holistically, but not simply eliminate oral diseases.

Using action research, this study examined the professional development of teachers through the reflections that kindergarten teachers obtain from children’s voices and the relevance between the working environment and teachers’ reflection at teacher conferences in Japan. Four teachers participated in the study. Data sources included teachers’ perspectives on imitation paper, teachers’ thoughts and reflections at conferences and during interviews, visual material, and narrative observations of children’s play. Children’s voices stimulate teachers’ reflection and provide deeper insights about diversity among children. The discussions at the conference about children’s voices showed teachers’ learning in four aspects: beliefs of play, environmental setting, understanding of children, and child–teacher relationships. In the act of listening to children’s voices, each teacher was influenced by their job positions and by the relationship within teacher groups in reflection at teacher conferences. Teachers appeared to understand each other’s beliefs by engaging in regular dialogue at conferences. This study contributed to the improvement of in-service training methods in early childhood education and care.

This study aims at finding out which medium is best for the acquisition of L2 listening skills, aural or audio-visual listening comprehension. Sixty EFL Arab learners were asked to sit for pre- and post-tests. The post-test proved a significant improvement in the performance of the students of the experimental group who were exposed to audio-visual medium. This outperformance of the experimental group appeared in their ability to distinguish the meanings of several words in the pre- and post-tests. They were able to identify most of the L2 vocabulary, grammar and syntax because of using the audio-visual materials. The experimental group managed to understand the linguistic information and they were also able to answer the questions in both given tests correctly. On the contrary, the performance of the control group was clearly poor in terms of the L2 vocabulary, grammar and syntax and the reason is referring to the use of the traditional material which is the aural one. The subjects of the experimental group were interested in learning listening by using audio-visual materials because it helps them to develop the listening skills faster, unlike the subjects of the control group. Therefore, the results show that multimedia is effective in enhancing the skills of listening comprehension of female Saudi EFL learners.

Research on college students’ listening anxiety and listening strategy has become a hot issue and attracts much concern of scholars and experts in the second language acquisition. Some researches prove that listening anxiety is universal and pervasive in the language learning process and listening strategy plays a crucial role in lowering or reducing college students’ listening anxiety and improving their listening ability. In order to study college students’ listening anxiety, listening strategy and the correlation between college students’ listening anxiety and listening strategy, an empirical study is carried out on the 2020th English majors. This study combines quantitative method and qualitative method and adopts “Questionnaire about English listening strategy” and “Questionnaire about English listening anxiety”. The study reveals that: firstly, among the listening strategy, meta-cognitive strategy is the most frequent strategy that college students use; cognitive strategy is more frequent than social or affective strategy used by college students; social or affective strategy is the least frequent strategy that college students use. Secondly, although college students suffer from universal listening anxiety, the level of listening anxiety is low. Thirdly, the correlation between college students’ listening anxiety and listening strategy is not significant. It also means that listening anxiety is not related to social or affective strategy, related to meta-cognitive strategy. This study aims to help Chinese college educators and students to realize the effect of listening anxiety and the appropriate use of listening strategy.

Critical thinking has drawn the attention of western researchers and domestic researchers as well. The study aims to explore whether there exists correlation between sophomore English majors’ critical thinking disposition and their listening comprehension performance, and any significant difference between critical thinking disposition and listening comprehension performance in different proficiency levels. Based on the analysis of the data collected from listening comprehension tests and critical thinking disposition questionnaire, the following findings are obtained: 1) there exists significant correlation between participants’ critical thinking disposition and their listening comprehension performance in general, with truth-seeking, analyticity and systematicity at the significant level of 0.01 and inquisitiveness, maturity, self-confidence and open-mindedness at the level of 0.05 in particular; 2) critical thinking disposition is significantly correlated with conversations and news broadcasts at the level of 0.01, and with passages at the level of 0.05.; 3) there also exist differences between critical thinking disposition and listening comprehension performance at different proficiency levels, with the correlations stronger in higher groups than those of lower groups. This study indicates that English major sophomores’ critical thinking needs fostering, and there is a necessity to utilize different types of listening materials to cultivate their critical thinking dispositions.

This paper, in deviation from the traditional practices of textbook evaluation, reports the faculty members’ evaluation of Cutting Edge, Student Book, KSA Third Edition Intermediate Level, by Sarah Cunningham & Peter Moor, published by Pearson 2013 in terms of Language Development Skills, in general, and, Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing, Grammar & Vocabulary, and Style & Appropriacy in particular. 20 EFL teachers participated in this mixed method approach of study who work at the Department of English Skills, Preparatory Year, Najran University, Saudi Arabia. A google form questionnaire, consisted of 57 numerically rated items & open-ended questions under 7 domains, was created to elicit faculty members’ responses. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by a group of experts in the textbook evaluation and content analysis. The analysis indicates that the respondents evaluated the textbook contents positively and the majority viewed them mostly suitable in terms of language skills, usage, and appropriacy. However, the researcher, based on the adverse comments like video material for listening, lack of specific strategies for conversation or other spoken activities, and hardly distinction between active and passive vocabulary under listening, speaking and grammar & vocabulary domains, suggests that a latest EFL commercial textbook or series be reviewed which, potentially, will cover the space. To conclude, the researcher recommends developing authentic materials that are tailored to the needs and interests of the learners.

Technology continues to disrupt higher education around the world. The fast adoption of blended and online learning coupled with growing interest in offering MOOCs by higher education institutions warrants a systematic study of the learning environment and how learners perceive it. This study builds on previous studies that investigated digital status, online practices and learners’ preferences for learning environments in Pacific Island Countries. A total of 945 learners (873 undergraduate and 72 postgraduate) were investigated for their preferences towards psycho-social features of their preferred learning environments. In addition, 112 instructors’ perceptions demonstrated their understanding of learners’ preferences and the gaps in their understanding of their learners. The undergraduate learners place highest preference for learner interaction and collaboration and authentic learning, whereas postgraduate learners opted for instructor support, active learning and authentic learning. The instructors’ perceptions highlighted the importance they place on their role by rating their assumption for learners’ highest preference for instructor support and least satisfaction of learners towards distance education. The learners and instructors’ contradictory perceptions indicate the need for instructors to ‘listen’ to their learners and redesign technology integrated learning environments. These findings have implications on course design and delivery in higher education and MOOCs.

En las últimas décadas, la investigación cualitativa se ha abierto a metodologías que escapan al tradicional modelo experto-práctico, dado lugar a formas participativas de investigación. Un giro que, en educación, se ha concretado en diversos formatos, desde la investigación – acción a las comunidades de indagación. Bajo este escenario, hemos desarrollado una indagación narrativa que toma como foco nuestras prácticas de investigación durante el desarrollo de un estudio sobre creación curricular en una escuela de primaria. En dicha indagación, prestamos interés a las relaciones de investigación bajo el formato de investigar entre docentes, que apunta a la recursividad entre las prácticas de investigación y la docencia en la formación inicial del profesorado. Los procedimientos metodológicos utilizados han sido: las conversaciones hermenéuticas, el análisis cualitativo de los textos de campo y la (re)escritura. Tras la composición de un relato sobre la experiencia de la investigación, pasamos a señalar dos asuntos en la discusión de resultados: (i) la creación de una relación entre docentes que investigan y (ii) la escucha como disposición investigadora. El artículo finaliza ahondando en una dimensión fenomenológica de la experiencia de investigar y en sus resonancias para la docencia universitaria.

Although the importance of listening to young children’s voices is acknowledged in international literature, it is not clear whether educational researchers really listen to them and, if they do, w...

BACKGROUND Vital to the nurse-patient partnership is the use of active listening and a clear understanding of the patient's health care goals. Motivational Interviewing is an evidence-based, patient-centered communication technique that assists patients in self-identifying and committing to health behavior change. PURPOSE This study explored whether, where, and how Motivational Interviewing is integrated into current prelicensure nursing curricula. METHODS An exploratory, descriptive study incorporated a researcher-developed survey. RESULTS Participants (N = 112) represented 5 types of prelicensure nursing programs from across the United States. Forty-one participants reported using Motivational Interviewing within their program with accreditation being the primary rationale. Seventy-one participants reported not integrating Motivational Interviewing within their program with lack of knowledge being the primary rationale. CONCLUSION Further research on optimizing the integration of Motivational Interviewing educational content and practice into all levels and specialty areas of nursing education would help to identify best practices.

Purpose To create a curriculum innovation for early preclinical medical students to explore personal perspectives by listening to and learning from the lived experience of community-living older adults. Method Tell Me Your Story (TMYS) paired first-year medical students (MS1s) with community-dwelling older adult partners (OAPs) residing in the independent living portion of a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) for a half-day educational experience. MS1s conducted 1-hour semi-structured interviews with their OAP and then formed small groups with geriatric faculty members to explore experiences and views that were either reinforced or challenged. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of this exercise using post-activity surveys. A mixed-methods analysis of 7 years of data (2013-2019) was conducted. Results TMYS had 1251 MS1 participants from 2013 to 2019. Students completed 1052 surveys for a response rate of 84%. During the semi-structured interview with OAP, the frequency of issues discussed included relationships (94%), professionalism/art of medicine (91%), healthcare accessibility (83%), death/dying/grieving/loss (72%), nutrition (69%), ethics (64%), and cultural competence (61%). Exactly 97% (n = 1023) responded that the overall organization was "good, very good or excellent." The most prominent themes identified by student responses highlighted person-centered care, patient perspective, life experience/personal stories, and doctor-patient relationship. Fifty-three faculty members completed the post-program survey. Exactly 100% (53/53) rated the quality of this exercise as an educational experience high. Conclusion TMYS was highly valued by students and provided an important experiential learning activity in preclinical medical education. Themes related to person-centered care emerged from the intervention.

This article explores a P4C-style of response to criticisms addressed to P4C’s inconsistencies. The main argument against P4C is that, although P4C theory stands for, by, and with children in terms of educational philosophy, P4C advocates do not follow the same approach when they defend P4C theory from criticism. By developing a discussion about listening and education through Megan Laverty’s idea of listening, Jane Roland Martin’s idea of pretending as if listening, and Darren Chetty and Judith Suissa’s idea of misunderstanding as if listening, Kanako W. Ide argues that the central business for P4C advocates with regard to these criticisms is not to respond to them well, but rather to create a suitable educational environment for children to deliberate and discuss them, thereby allowing the adults to extract the children’s wisdom and apply it to this adult-generated problem.

Research on learning by teaching has mostly focused on the learning effects of teaching after preparing individually to teach. This study investigated the impact of preparing collaboratively (versus individually) to teach on learning by teaching. Japanese undergraduate students (n = 96) provided instructional explanations on video or listened to their partners’ instructional explanations after they had studied learning material for teaching in collaboration with their partners or had done so individually in the presence of their partners. Participants who prepared collaboratively to teach provided higher-quality instructional explanations on video and learned better by teaching than those who prepared individually to teach. The quality of the videotaped explanations significantly predicted the outcomes of learning by teaching. Whether after collaborative or individual preparation, there were no significant differences in learning outcomes between those who explained on video and those who listened to their partners’ explanations. These results suggest that although the learning effects of providing and listening to instructional explanations may be comparable, collaborative preparation is more beneficial to learning by teaching than individual preparation.

The appropriate method can increase the effectiveness of learning in schools. Even easy subject is sometimes difficult to be developed and be accepted by students because the method used is not appropriate. Therefore, this study discusses several variations of learning methods in improving the ability of elementary school students to understand the intrinsic elements contained in poetry. This research is a quantitative study with a Pre-Experimental Design approach in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research was conducted at SDN Jatimulya 02, South Tambun, West Java. The data sources in this study were fifth-grade students at SDN Jatimulya 02 as the sample and the population consisted of 61 students, consisting of 36 girls and 25 boys. Data collection techniques using observation and test techniques. The observations made in this study were participatory because the researchers were directly involved. In this study, the researcher involved himself in the situation under study, namely as a teacher. Researchers used three types of assessments in this observation, namely an assessment of the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), an assessment of the implementation of learning, and an assessment of student tests or evaluations (cycles). The activeness of students in the class became the object of observation. The use of questionnaires was also carried out, to determine the effectiveness of students in learning Indonesian. The questionnaire is a list of written questions that must be answered to obtain certain information from students. The questionnaire is made based on a questionnaire grid that refers to the formulation of the problem. The test is used to measure students' abilities in cognitive aspects, or the level of mastery of learning materials. The process of implementing the learning outcomes test is carried out after the discussion of one subject has ended, or after one quarter or one semester has been completed. Based on the results of the study, it can be interpreted that the use of media variations and learning methods affects students' listening skills in identifying intrinsic elements. This is evidenced by the completeness of students' scores at the beginning of the test and the end of the test. In the implementation of the initial test, there were 41% of students did not complete it. However, in the final test, 100% of students were declared complete or reached the KKM. Keywords: , learning methods

We examined what causes L1-L2 differences in sensitivity to prominence cues in discourse processing. Participants listened to recorded stories in segment-by-segment fashion at their own pace. Each story established a pair of contrasting items, and one item from the pair was rementioned and manipulated to carry either a contrastive or presentational pitch accent. By directly comparing the current self-paced listening data to previously obtained experimenter-paced listening data, we tested whether reducing online-processing demands allows L2 learners to show a nativelike behavior, such that contrastive pitch accents facilitate later ruling out the salient alternative. However, reduced time pressure failed to lead even higher proficiency L1-Korean learners of English to reach a nativelike level, suggesting that L2 learners’ nonnativelike processing and representation of the prominence cue in spoken discourse processing can be due to the inherent difficulty of fully learning a complex form-function mapping rather than to online-processing demands.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze “Quilt”, a formative and investigative device, methodology and epistemology developed in a Teacher Education Program. As a device intended for use in the early stages of a future teacher’s education, “Quilt” falls within the autobiographical research approach and consists in producing written, pictorial, and oral narratives. We work with Schiller’s (2002) concept of aesthetics as that which mediates between reason and sensitivity; Adorno’s (2002) concept of emancipation; Josso’s (2006) autobiographical narratives and Freire’s (2010) concept of autonomy, considering the link between aesthetic awareness and epistemological awareness. The methodology included a contextual questionnaire featuring questions on what “Quilt” participants liked and did not like about the experience. Data shows that “Quilt” can be considered a valuable methodology to listen to subjects, which postulates the existence of an aesthetic dimension in the constitution of one’s teaching identity. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el dispositivo formativo y investigativo llamado “Colcha de Retazos”, una metodología y epistemología desarrollada por BerkenbrockRosito, desde 2001. En este estudio, el dispositivo Colcha de Retazos, dentro del enfoque de la investigación autobiográfica, se presenta como una propuesta de formación inicial del docente por medio de narrativas en sus dimensiones escrita, pictórica y oral, en el Curso de Pedagogía de un área privada universitaria el lado este de la ciudad de São Paulo. En la metodología de la investigación fue utilizado un cuestionario contextual, en el cual se incluían preguntas referentes a la aceptación y recepción de los participantes con referencia a la realización de la “Colcha de Retazos”. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados bajo el enfoque hermenéutico, indicaron la importancia de la “Colcha de Retazos” como una metodología de escucha de los sujetos, que presupone la dimensión estética en la constitución de la identidad docente. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o dispositivo formativo e investigativo “Colcha de Retalhos”, uma metodologia e epistemologia desenvolvido por Berkenbrock-Rosito, desde 2001. Neste estudo, apresenta-se o dispositivo Colcha de Retalhos como proposta de formação inicial do professor por meio de Narrativas (Auto) Biográficas em suas dimensões escrita, pictórica e oral no Curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade privada na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Na metodologia da pesquisa foi utilizado um questionário contextual, que incluí perguntas sobre o que os participantes gostaram e o que não gostaram na realização da “Colcha de Retalhos”. Os dados foram analisados, sob o enfoque hermenêutico, mostram a importância da “Colcha de Retalhos” como metodologia de escuta dos sujeitos, o que pressupõe a dimensão estética na constituição da identidade docente.

Owing to to the internalization of higher education, many universities in East Asia provide English as a medium of instruction (EMI) courses for international students. However, previous studies may not have strategically explored the perception of EMI courses for graduate programmes. Recognizing the gap in the literature, this study specifically focused on international graduate students' experiences of EMI courses in a Korean university. By implementing a mixed-method design, this study explored English language learnes’ (ELLs) perceptions of EMI courses regarding i) ELLs’ opinions on the effectiveness of EMI courses, ii) ELLs' attitudes towards EMI, and iii) their self-evaluation of English language ability. Data collection consisted of an end of the semester survey (n=70) and focus group interviews (n=9). The study results showed that i) ELLs showed positive attitudes towards EMI courses; ii) they perceived that the faculty's teaching methods are the core element to EMI course effectiveness; iii) their listening and reading skills were enhanced, and iv) ELLs with low English proficiency found EMI courses challenging to follow. Based on these results, several pedagogical implications are discussed regarding how to implement EMI courses effectively for diverse international students in ELT. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.9.3

The mathematics learning outcomes of most of the VIII grade students of MTsN Lubuk Buaya have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria. One of the efforts that can be made by the teacher to activate students in learning which can improve student learning outcomes is to apply an active learning strategy of the Listener Team type using Microsoft Powerpoint media. The purpose of this study was to determine the activities and learning outcomes of students' mathematics by implementing an active learning strategy of Listening Team type using Microsoft Powerpoint media. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The population of this study were students of class VIII MTsN Lubuk Buaya. The sampling technique was done by drawing numbers and the selected samples were students of class VIII.2 as the experimental class and class VIII.3 as the control class. The data were first tested for normality, homogeneity test and analysis of variance. The results showed that the mathematics learning outcomes of students who used the application of the Listener Team type active learning strategy using Microsoft Powerpoint media were better than conventional learning in class VIII MTsN Lubuk Buaya. The student activity data was obtained through observations at each meeting in the experimental class which showed that students' mathematics learning activities increased after being taught by implementing an active learning strategy of Listening Team type using Microsoft Powerpoint media in class VIII MTsN Lubuk Buaya.

The Covid-19 pandemic has created an unparalleled catastrophe with significant challenges for leadership in schools all over the world. The efforts that schools have put in place for training and preparing for teachers prior to Covid-19 seem to be out of step, thus requiring a reimaging and significant transformation to remain relevant for aspiring teacher leaders. This conceptual paper aims at providing transformative intervention strategies (TIS) to empower teachers to become leaders during Covid-19. Having applied transformative leadership theory and integrative literature review (ILR) as method, this paper suggests that teachers should start with transformative listening and learning, whilst taking advantage of opportunities to be empowered to become leaders. To empower teachers to become leaders during the pandemic and beyond, prospective teacher leaders should embrace opportunities which might come from adjustments and which may enable them to better understand the reasons for transformation. As such, this paper aims to provide transformative intervention strategies to empower teachers to use opportunities afforded to them to become leaders in their schools amid the pandemic and beyond. TIS may assist schools in cultivating an environment where teachers actively work together to display transformative emotional intelligence, transformative autonomy and transformative inclusive leadership. The finding revealed that, if purposefully implemented, TIS may encourage teachers to see the value in growth towards leadership, making the process of transformation in schools that much easier. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.9.4

Metacognition is known to be important for L2 listening comprehension. However, it is unclear how much variance in listening performance it can explain after controlling for vocabulary knowledge. To examine this, data from the listening section of the TOEFL Junior test, the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ), and the Listening Vocabulary Levels Test were collected from 76 high school EFL learners in Japan. The MALQ measured five subscales of metacognition representing metacognitive skills and metacognitive knowledge. Representing skills, the MALQ measured perceptions of the ability to (1) plan and evaluate performance, (2) direct attention, and (3) overcome listening problems. Representing knowledge, it measured strategic knowledge of (4) avoiding mentally translating speech and person knowledge of (5) maintaining positive attitudes about listening. The descriptive results showed that participants used their metacognition moderately. Of the subscales, they directed attention the most, planned and evaluated performance least, and perceived their ability to avoid mental translation, solve problems, and maintain optimism equivalently. The results from the hierarchical regression analysis further showed that vocabulary knowledge and metacognition overall predicted listening performance. Of the MALQ subscales, only person knowledge predicted comprehension. These findings indicate that, contrary to earlier findings, metacognition was important for listening comprehension after accounting for vocabulary knowledge.

This study was an initial investigation of important areas of interest within the literature on transgender and gender diverse students, namely psychological health, well-being and campus climate for transgender and gender diverse students in young adulthood. What is unique is that data were obtained from Christian transgender and gender diverse students attending Christian college and universities. A sample of 31 undergraduate transgender students at nine Christian institutions in which staff were affiliated with the Association for Christians in Student Development completed an online survey. Participants reported high levels of religiosity, diversity in their attitudes about gender identity, negative perceptions of campus climate, lower levels of social support for gender identity than in general, moderate to high levels of psychological distress, and low to moderate levels of psychological well-being.

The place of literature in the ELT classroom has been investigated by different scholars across languages. It is also a debatable issue, but many are of the belief that it plays a great role in the acquisition and learning of Language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. While literature claims that poetic justice prevails in the end, the passage goes through waywardness which is the way of the world with evil doers stealing the limelight while goodness and fairness are side-lined by the majority. In this scenario, the role of educational institutions is one of great responsibility in producing men and women who pose unwavering faith in human and moral values. Human society badly needs education that teaches moral lessons. Literature plays a vital role in educational curricula to ensure the imparting of the finer values of humanity, and this is also why literature finds a place, however small, in all course curricula. This study streamlines the role of literature in EFL/ ESL classrooms in instilling moral values to save humanity from degradation and decadence.

The purpose of this paper is presenting 2 examples of using English to teach history and economic subjects in universities and colleges. Another goal of this study is that we aim to enhance teaching quality in schools, colleges and universities through case teaching methods which can help students to expand discussion via open mind method. Al-Issa (2006) stated that for five decades there is an important international activity, that is English language teaching (ELT), which became a big business. And dominated by USA, it shows that English roles has been increasing on the world arena in the postcolonial/neocolonial age. For using English to teach History subjects we have to not only catch the historical terms and topics very well but we also combine language teaching with images, ICT tools, LCDs with effective history languages. For using English to teach economic subjects, we have to note there are key economic terms for each economic subjects as well as practice speaking and listening very often in order to deliver effective messages to students and facilitate effective communication inside classrooms. Huy, D.T.N., Hanh, N.T.T, Thao, N.T.P et al (2021) mention there is psychological and pedagogy issues when teaching at schools. We present a typical case teaching in economic subject: analyze stock price and beta CAPM determinants in a single case study of Vietinbank - CTG in Vietnam financial market during operation period 2011-2020. Next, we will present a case teaching in Indonesian revolution for history subject. Authors also present a process of applying English in teaching history and economic via 2 specific case examples.

Per its English curriculum, vocabulary instruction is only integrated indirectly in the teaching of reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in Malaysian schools. ESL learners then may overlook the variety of meanings that a word and its spelling can offer. This research aims to describe the effects of the explicit approach of vocabulary instruction on 30 Form Two (eighth grade) students from a suburban school in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. A descriptive style was adopted, and specific vocabulary lessons were used to help students learn the target words. Using descriptive statistics, vocabulary pre- and post-test scores were analysed and compared to determine the impact of this approach. The frequency counts, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviation of the students’ evaluation form responses were analysed. Content analysis was used to transcribe, classify, and categorise qualitative data from the interview session. According to the data, the students’ vocabulary scores increased dramatically in the post-test, with a mean gap of 21.9. The students were also enthusiastic about the teacher’s instructions (M=4.48, SD=0.64) and vocabulary lessons (M=4.34, SD=0.59). It is suggested that the explicit approach of vocabulary instruction, which engages students in exciting vocabulary learning techniques as employed by this study could enhance their vocabulary knowledge.

Introduction: The production effect refers to memory benefits for materials that were produced (e.g., read aloud) relative to not produced (e.g., read silently) at study. Previous works have found a production benefit for younger and older adults studying written words and for young adults studying written text. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining the effect of production on text memory in younger and older adults, in the visual, and in the auditory modalities. Methods: A group of young adults (n = 30) and a group of older adults (n = 30) learned informational texts, presented either visually or aurally. In each text, half of the sentences were learned by production (reading aloud or writing) and half by no production (reading silently or listening), followed by fill-in-the-blank tests. Results: An overall memory performance was found to be similar for both groups, with an advantage for the auditory modality. For both groups, more test items were filled in correctly when the relevant information appeared in the produced than in nonproduced sentences, showing the learners’ ability to use distinctiveness information. The production effects were larger for older than younger adults, in both modalities. Discussion: Since older adults are increasingly engage in learning, it is important to develop high-quality structured learning programs for this population. The current results demonstrate the preserved ability of older adults to successfully memorize texts and may guide planning of such programs. Specifically, since learning via the auditory modality yields superior performance for learners across age-groups, it may be recommended for text learning. Because older adults showed larger benefits from active production of the study material, it may be used to better remember educationally relevant material.

Despite the importance of mastering different types of formulaic sequences in a second language, little is known about the relative effect of different input modes on their acquisition. This study explores the learning of a particular type of formulaic language (binomials) in three input modes (reading-only, listening-only, and reading-while-listening) at different frequencies of exposure (2, 4, 5 and 6 occurrences). Arabic learners of English were presented with three stories, each in a different mode, that contained novel binomials (e.g., wires and pipes) and existing binomials (e.g., brother and sister). Two post-tests (multiple-choice and familiarity ratings) assessed learners’ knowledge of the binomials. Results showed that reading-only and reading-while-listening led to better performance on the tasks than listening-only. Frequency of exposure had an effect on the perceived familiarity of binomials.

BACKGROUND: The leader’s attitude or behavior to staff or subordinates greatly determined a conducive working atmosphere in a hospital. Decrease in performance and job dissatisfaction will impact work productivity, attendance (absenteeism), the quality of services provided, and the exit of the workforce itself (turn-over). This is why the importance of a harmonious relationship between a leader and his staff or subordinates. AIM: This study aims to determine nurses’ views regarding caring leadership of the head of the room. METHODS: The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a face-to-face interview. Fifteen registered nurses were involved in this study that interacts directly to the patient and nurse manager. The data were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: Nurse perceived caring leadership, including giving positive feelings, listening, encouraging, influencing, experience, proactive, and struggling for the subordinates. CONCLUSION: A deep understanding of caring leadership could bring the curricula with the new course of caring leadership. The student can learn and practice from the early time. It would bring a caring attitude as a part of their own life.

The ultimate goal of learning the English language is oral communication. Virtual scenario teaching (VST) provides the speaking and listening opportunities for learners of spoken English, and allows students to actively participate in the creation of an English environment. Based on VST, this paper summarizes the status quo of spoken English teaching, applies VST to the teaching of spoken English, and evaluates the teaching effect. The results show that VST enhances the students’ ability of language expression, and stimulates their learning interest. With the aid of VST, students can master relevant knowledge, learn spoken English more fluently, and acquire better skills of oral expression. About 95% of teachers speak highly of VST. The research results lay a theoretical basis for reforming and improving the teaching of spoken English.

This study aimed to examine the impact of Flipped Learning Strategy on developing listening skills of 7th grade female students in the United Arab Emirates. The study sample consisted of (44) female students selected by using the convenience sampling method from the Emirates Private School during the academic year of 2019 -2020. Those female students were distributed into two groups: An experimental group (22 students) and control group (22 students). The experimental group was taught the listening skills by using the Flipped Learning Strategy, and the control group was taught by the traditional method. To achieve the purpose of the study and answer its questions, a listening skills test was developed and its validity and reliability were also checked. At the end of the experiment which lasted for six weeks, the post-test of listening skills was carried out. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the total score of the listening post-test and its three levels (audible discrimination, audible interpretation, audible criticism in favor of the experimental group. This indicates that the flipped learning strategy had a positive impact on developing the listening skills of sample students. Given such results, a number of recommendations were provided.

The article describes the phonetization potential in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL) to philology students in the context of digitalization of education. The relevance of the topic is due to the connection between the quality of hearing and pronunciation skills formation and the processes of perception, understanding, memorization, programming an utterance in a foreign language, on the one hand, and the methodological capabilities of modern technologies, on the other hand. The purpose of the work is to present the theoretical foundations of phonetization in teaching RFL and methodological techniques to implement it, taking into account the opportunities of the digital educational environment. The material of the research includes the questionnaires of foreign students studying Russian in bachelors, masters and postgraduate programs, aimed at determining the demand for continuing work on hearing and pronunciation skills formation at the basic and advanced levels. The authors used the following methods: analysis of scientific publications on practical phonetics, digitalization of humanitarian knowledge, listening and pronunciation skills formation by means of electronic linguodidactics, observation of the practical use of phonetization in teaching RFL, questioning the recipients. Basing on the results of the questionnaire survey of foreign students, the authors come to the conclusion that it is important to include work on hearing and pronunciation skills formation at the main and advanced stages of teaching the Russian language practical course in bachelors and masters programs. In this regard, the theoretical knowledge necessary for the teacher to phonetize the learning process at the main and advanced stages is described, namely: the basic concepts in the field of the articulatory apparatus, the characteristics of sounds, the phonetic base of the Russian language, stress, rhythm and reduction in the Russian word, phonetic processes within the word and at the junction of words, the intonation form of the syntagma. The potential of the digital educational space for phonetizing the practical course of the Russian language at the main and advanced stages of university education is revealed, where the content of phonetic work is determined by the characteristics of a particular study group, teacher training, and appropriate methodological recommendations are given. The practical significance of the research lies in the student-philologist and the teachers theoretical knowledge generalization, necessary for the phonetization in teaching RFL and their potential application in the context of the educational space digitalization. This study opens prospects for further exploration of the digital educational space potential in order to improve hearing and pronunciation skills and create appropriate teaching materials.

This study is to seek out learners’ needs of International Training Program (ITP) English course (batch 58) at the English and Foreign Languages University (EFLU) in India. Thirty participants involved in the survey come from nine different countries. The questionnaire-based survey is designed with a focus on two main categories: Target situation analysis (TSA) and Present situation analysis (PSA), which is based on the adaptation of the theoretical frameworks of Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) and of Hutchinson and Waters (1987). The result of TSA has shown that Office job and Social communication are learners’ main purposes for this English course. Two most important elements that the learners expect to develop from this course are oral communication and listening skills, and linguistic knowledge of grammar and pronunciation. Meanwhile, the finding of PSA has indicated vocabulary as their most difficult element. The majority of learners perceive that they are at the third current level of English proficiency, whereas speaking skills are most frequently used in the workplace. Finally, this study has indicated the proportional relation of the elements of PSA to those of TSA. The overall finding contributes to the design for a proper English specific course for learners’ needs in the future.

Researchers paid ample attention to an important variable called boredom in numerous contexts; however, limited research exists regarding the association of boredom with listening comprehension performance in EFL settings. Thus, the current study aims to establish the association between listening boredom and listening comprehension performance by deploying listening boredom coping strategies as a mediating construct. A quantitative research approach, and a cross-sectional and correlational research design was used to conduct this study. A listening comprehension test and questionnaires were used to gather the data from 313 Saudi EFL learners. Results directed that there exists a negative yet significant association between listening boredom and listening comprehension performance. In addition, listening boredom showed a positive and significant association with all of the four listening boredom coping strategies. Furthermore, three out of four listening boredom coping strategies (i.e., behavioral, cognitive, and behavioral avoidance) showed a positive and significant association with listening performance; however, cognitive avoidance strategies showed a significant yet negative association with listening comprehension performance. Lastly, results regarding mediation indicated that listening boredom coping strategies mediated the relationship between listening boredom and listening comprehension performance. Based on the results, various recommendations were presented to EFL learners, instructors, and policymakers.

University students often face different kinds of stress such as problems with studies, family, friends and financial. This predisposes them to anxiety, sadness, anger and depression. To overcome their stress, students use different types of coping strategies. This study aims to investigate the stress level and the coping strategies by the university students and also to identify the relationship between the effects of stress based on their gender. The data in this study are primary data that were collected through direct questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyse the data. The result of this study indicates that a majority of the students have moderate level of stress. Many of the students become sad when they are in stress. In order to reduce the stress, most of the students sleep, followed by listening to music. The chi-square test shows no relationship between the effects of stress among female and male students.