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Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scorzonera species are mainly used against inflammation and to relieve pain in Turkish traditional medicine. Therefore, we aimed to assess in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the aerial part and root extracts of Scorzonera acuminata, Scorzonera cana var. alpina, Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cana var. radicosa, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa, Scorzonera laciniata ssp. laciniata, Scorzonera parviflora and Scorzonera sublanata., Materials and Methods: For the anti-inflammatory activity evaluation carrageenan, PGE(2) and serotonin-induced hind paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema models were used. p-Benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test was employed in mice for the assessment of antinociceptive activity. Furthermore chemical composition of the tested extracts was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by using RP-HPLC method. Some phenolic acids and flavonoids were used as standards., Results: Extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa and Scorzonera parviflora showed significant inhibitory effect on carrageenan and PGE(2)-induced hind paw edema model as well as on p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. The extracts did not show any remarkable activity on serotonin-induced hind paw edema and TPA-induced mouse ear edema models. Chlorogenic acid was detected as major compounds in all the species investigated. Additionally, among the tested flavonoids, luteolin-7-glucoside, hyperoside and rutin were found to be in different amounts in Scorzonera species., Conclusion: The experimental data revealed that Scorzonera cana var. jacquiniana, Scorzonera cinerea, Scorzonera eriophora, Scorzonera incisa and Scorzonera parviflora possess significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. It has been suggested that flavonoids and chlorogenic acid are partly responsible for mentioned activities of Scorzonera species., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The water extract of Ballota inaequidens Hub.-Mor. & Patzak (Lamiaceae) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. The tail-flick test, acetic acid–induced writhing test, and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that Ballota inaequidens caused dose-related inhibition in the acetic acid–induced abdominal stretching in mice. The medium effective dose (ED50) value of Ballota inaequidens was found to be 85.38 mg/kg. Ballota inaequidens showed no significant changes in the nociceptive threshold of the tail-flick test but did show an inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan. The ED50 value of Ballota inaequidens was found to be 99.42 mg/kg. The current study reveals that the water extract of Ballota inaequidens possesses promising antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]