6 results on '"Edwards, Martin"'
Search Results
2. Towards a European Marine Ecosystem Observatory (EMECO)
- Author
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Mills, D.K., Walker, P.A., Rees, J.M., Malcolm, S., Fox, Clive J., Edwards, Martin, Laane, R., Bot, P., Ridderinkhof, H., Colijn, F., Petersen, Wilhelm, Schroeder, Friedhelm, Wehde, Henning, Johannessen, Johnny A., Svendsen, Einar, and Hackett, Bruce
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VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,monitoring ,økosystemer ,VDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Fisheries technology: 924 ,ecosystems ,overvåkning - Abstract
agencies to maximise benefits from operational monitoring programmes (e.g. EuroGOOS, ECOOP GMES). As pressure upon national resources mount and growing awareness of environmental problems with a transboundary nature continues, for example at a catchment level in the Water Framework Directive and for a prospective European marine directive, the need for (international) collaborative regional initiatives have begun to be realised. As the first step towards establishing a wider regional initiative a European Marine Ecosystem Observatory (EMECO) has been established within the North Sea. To develop EMECO (www.cefas.co.uk/emeco) a bottom – up approach has been adopted based upon collaboration between agencies with statutory responsibilities for a range of environmental pressures from monitoring and assessment of nutrients and hazardous substances, wave monitoring to fish stock assessments. The monitoring programmes associated with such activities are by nature long-term and these programmes form key components of EMECO. However, there are a range of other programmes with either a relevant North Sea component (EU Ferry Box programme, International CPR programme, Smart-Buoy programme) or are part of wider initiatives (e.g. satellite remote sensing) that will also contribute to the observatory. It will also embrace initiatives to protect and conserve renewable and sustainable resources such as Marine Protected Areas and closed area for fisheries such as the Dutch Cod Box. The observatory will provide an opportunity to integrate research with monitoring and assessment programmes and to undertake reviews at a regional level to identify gaps in information and develop strategies to address shortcomings. Within the ecosystem approach, ICES is increasingly aware of the need to include ecosystem considerations in its fisheries assessment models in order to enhance their predictive properties. Moreover, ICES’ preparedness to carry out integrated assessments could be greatly enhanced by the scientific framework embedded in EMECO. This paper will describe the approach taken so far with EMECO, will explore the relationships and chances for collaboration with other initiatives (ECOOP GMES, EuroGOOS) and will examine how EMECO might contribute to ICES’ needs for environmental information in fisheries and ecosystem advice. Keywords: ecosystem observatory, monitoring, Ferry Box, Smart-Buoy, remote sensing
- Published
- 2006
3. Marine Ecosystem Response to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
- Author
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Edwards, Martin, Beaugrand, Gregory, Helaouët, Pierre, Alheit, Jürgen, and Coombs, Stephen
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MARINE ecology , *OSCILLATIONS , *GLOBAL warming , *OCEAN temperature , *TIME series analysis - Abstract
Against the backdrop of warming of the Northern Hemisphere it has recently been acknowledged that North Atlantic temperature changes undergo considerable variability over multidecadal periods. The leading component of natural low-frequency temperature variability has been termed the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Presently, correlative studies on the biological impact of the AMO on marine ecosystems over the duration of a whole AMO cycle (∼60 years) is largely unknown due to the rarity of continuously sustained biological observations at the same time period. To test whether there is multidecadal cyclic behaviour in biological time-series in the North Atlantic we used one of the world's longest continuously sustained marine biological time-series in oceanic waters, long-term fisheries data and historical records over the last century and beyond. Our findings suggest that the AMO is far from a trivial presence against the backdrop of continued temperature warming in the North Atlantic and accounts for the second most important macro-trend in North Atlantic plankton records; responsible for habitat switching (abrupt ecosystem/regime shifts) over multidecadal scales and influences the fortunes of various fisheries over many centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Synchronous response of marine plankton ecosystems to climate in the Northeast Atlantic and the North Sea.
- Author
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Goberville, Eric, Beaugrand, Gregory, and Edwards, Martin
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MARINE plankton , *ECOSYSTEMS , *CLIMATE change , *PLANT communities , *OCEAN temperature - Abstract
Abstract: Over the last few decades, global warming has accelerated both the rate and magnitude of changes observed in many functional units of the Earth System. In this context, plankton are sentinel organisms because they are sensitive to subtle levels of changes in temperature and might help in identifying the current effects of climate change on pelagic ecosystems. In this paper, we performed a comparative approach in two regions of the North Atlantic (i.e. the Northeast Atlantic and the North Sea) to explore the relationships between changes in marine plankton, the regional physico-chemical environment and large-scale hydro-climatic forcing using four key indices: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the East Atlantic (EA) pattern and Northern Hemisphere Temperature (NHT) anomalies. Our analyses suggest that long-term changes in the states of the two ecosystems were synchronous and correlated to the same large-scale hydro-climatic variables: NHT anomalies, the AMO and to a lesser extent the EA pattern. No significant correlation was found between long-term ecosystem modifications and the state of the NAO. Our results suggest that the effect of climate on these ecosystems has mainly occurred in both regions through the modulation of the thermal regime. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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5. Morphological traits, niche-environment interaction and temporal changes in diatoms.
- Author
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Kléparski, Loïck, Beaugrand, Grégory, Edwards, Martin, Schmitt, François G., Kirby, Richard R., Breton, Elsa, Gevaert, François, and Maniez, Emeline
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DIATOMS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *CELL morphology , *PLANT phenology , *ECOLOGICAL niche , *MARINE ecology - Abstract
• Diatoms phenology is controlled by the niche-environment interaction resulting from changes in morphological traits. • Cell shape is a key adaptation that confers to each species a unique niche and a place in the sequence of annual succession. • As morphology influences long-term changes in abundance, current biogeochemical models should consider cell shape. Annual phytoplankton succession is a key ecological phenomenon that drives marine species' life cycles and energy flows within marine ecosystems. Identifying processes that control annual succession is critical to anticipate climate-induced environmental perturbations of this phenomenon and the consequences upon ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate that diatoms in the North Sea undergo strong morphological changes throughout the year and that species with similar phenology possess comparable morphological traits (e.g. cell elongation) and ecological niches. The spring and autumn periods appear to be dominated by oblates (flattened cells) whereas the summer period is dominated by prolates (elongated cells). Elongation of the cell shape enhances buoyancy and confers a selective advantage in stratified low-nutrient waters typical of summer without changing a diatom's surface area/volume ratio or its ability to absorb nutrients. Diatom shape thus appears to have evolved as a key adaptation to a specific environment and confers upon a species its specific niche and phenology, and therefore its place in the sequence of annual succession. As a result, shape influences temporal changes in the abundance of diatoms and their putative response to environmental forcing. We suggest that biogeochemical and earth-system models should include diatom cell shape as a parameter in order to improve model predictions and help our understanding of the consequences of climate change on marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Overwintering distribution, inflow patterns and sustainability of Calanus finmarchicus in the North Sea.
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Gao, Shuang, Hjøllo, Solfrid Sætre, Falkenhaug, Tone, Strand, Espen, Edwards, Martin, and Skogen, Morten D.
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CALANUS finmarchicus , *TERRITORIAL waters , *CALANOIDA , *PARAMETERS (Statistics) , *ECOLOGICAL models , *CALANUS , *FISH populations , *ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
• High overwintering biomass in Norwegian Trench and north-west North Sea shelf. • Inflow accounts for 41% of North Sea biomass and drives interannual variability. • Norwegian Trench and East Shetland Atlantic Inflow are important inflow pathways. • C. finmarchicus in the North Sea is not self-sustained but dependent on the inflow. • Biomass carried by East Shetland Atlantic Inflow decreases over 2000–2016. Calanoid copepods are key taxa in the North Sea as they are the main food source for many fish stocks, such as herring, mackerel and cod. In this study we use an individual-based model for Calanus finmarchicus embedded in the NORWegian ECOlogical Model system (NORWECOM) to investigate important population parameters such as biomass and abundance, distribution and interannual variability of the overwintering population, as well as the inflow of C. finmarchicus into the North Sea from adjacent areas for the 2000–2016 period. The modelled spatial–temporal patterns of C. finmarchicus abundance is comparable with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey data in the northern North Sea. The simulated annual mean biomass of C. finmarchicus amounts to 0.94 million-tonnes of carbon. High overwintering biomass appears in the Norwegian Trench as well as in the north-west shelf region of the North Sea. A decreasing trend in the overwintering biomass has been detected on the path of the East Shetland Atlantic Inflow (ESAI) over the simulated period. The inflow of C. finmarchicus biomass into the North Sea from the north constitutes on average 41% of the annual mean biomass in the North Sea during the simulated 17 years, and thus determines the interannual variability of the biomass. We conclude that the C. finmarchicus population in the North Sea is not self-sustained and is highly dependent on the inflow of C. finmarchicus from the Faroe-Shetland Channel and south of the Norwegian Sea. C. finmarchicus enter the North Sea via three branches of the North Atlantic current with variable depths depending on seasons and topography. Beside the western flank of the Norwegian Trench (carrying 57% of the inflow biomass), we suggest that the ESAI is also an important agent carrying 37% of the total C. finmarchicus inflow biomass through the shelf area into the north-west of the North Sea. The annual mean outflow biomass is larger than the inflow biomass (0.52 versus 0.39 million-tonnes carbon per year), which indicates that the North Sea serves as a feeding ground and growth region for C. finmarchicus. This study is a first step towards a better understanding and quantification of the exchange of C. finmarchicus between the open seas, coastal waters and the fjords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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