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Konsumtionen av fast fashion-kläder har ökat och bidrar till en negativ påverkan på klimatet. EU-kommissionen har därför lagt fram strategin hållbara och cirkulära textilier som syftar till att göra fast fashion omodernt fram tills 2030. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga och analysera den svenska marknaden för fast fashion genom Structure-Conduct-Performance-modellen, samt att analysera marknadens framtid med och utan EU:s strategi i åtanke. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. En viktig aspekt av metoden är att samla in empirisk data genom att utnyttja relevant information, statistik, akademiska rapporter och andra analyser från sekundära källor. Dessa metoder används för att beskriva fast fashion-marknaden och uppnå uppsatsens syfte. Marknadsanalysen utifrån SCP-modellen visar att marknaden har få regleringar som påverkar den direkt. Majoriteten av konsumenterna på marknaden är yngre kvinnor. På marknaden finns företag med både stabila och volatila samt positiva såväl som negativa vinstmarginaler. Samtliga företag strävar efter att effektivisera sitt produktionsled för att kunna anpassa sig till de senaste modetrenderna. Sammantaget kommer implementeringen av EU:s strategi att ha en betydande påverkan på framtiden för fast fashion-marknaden. Det är viktigt att notera att vinstmarginalen är den enda variabeln som inte kommer att förändras oavsett om EU:s strategi implementeras eller inte. Däremot kommer övriga aspekter av marknaden att se annorlunda ut beroende på strategins införande. The consumption of fast fashion-clothing has increased and contributes to a negative impact on the climate. The European Commission has presented the Sustainable and Circular Textiles Strategy, which aims to make fast fashion obsolete by 2030. The purpose of the paper is to map and analyze the Swedish market for fast fashion through the Structure-Conduct-Performance model, and to analyze the future of the market with and without the EU strategy in mind. The paper applies a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology. An important aspect of the methodology is to collect empirical data by utilizing relevant information, statistics, academic reports and other analysis from secondary sources. These methods are used to describe the fast fashion market and achieve the purpose of the thesis. The market analysis based on the SCP model shows that the market has few regulations that affect it directly. The market includes companies with profit margins that can be both stable and volatile. All companies strive to streamline their production process in order to adapt to the latest fashion trends in time. Overall, the implementation of the EU strategy will have a significant impact on the future of the fast fashion-market. It is important to note that the profit margin is the only variable that will not change whether the EU strategy is implemented or not. However, other aspects of the market will look different depending on the implementation of the strategy.

This thesis aims to conduct a market analysis of the Swedish grocery retail market, with a primary focus on the current market competition and strategic choices. The market analysis is done in order to investigate whether insufficient competition is a contributing factor to the high food prices today. Furthermore, the essay aims to identify and evaluate the strategies used by market players. The market analysis has been conducted by using the Structure-Conduct-Performance model as a theoretical framework to map out and analyse the market's structure, strategy, and outcomes. Over the past year, the prices of groceries have increased drastically, resulting in significant media coverage of the market. The high prices, combined with the timeliness of the topic, justifies the choice of the essay’s subject. The methodology used in the essay is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The market structure is analysed for two different years, 2012 and 2021, in order to enable the evaluation of the firms’ strategic choices. In the thesis’ conclusion, it is stated that the Swedish grocery retail sector is an oligopoly market with high market concentration, where the three largest firms account for 90 percent of the market shares. The market structure is a result of the underlying demand and the barriers of entry identified in the thesis. The strategies processed in the thesis are vertical integration, customer bonus systems, mergers and acquisitions, and price strategies. The evaluated strategic choices of the companies are deemed effective for increasing their market power, while also inhibiting competition and making market entry difficult. Because of this, the market outcome is considered not to be fully functional from a welfare perspective. Furthermore this study allows the assumption to be made that the current competitive situation is a contributing factor to today's high food prices. Uppsatsen syftar till att göra en marknadsanalys av svensk dagligvaruhandel, med stort fokus på den rådande konkurrenssituationen. Detta görs för att utreda huruvida bristfällig konkurrens är en bidragande orsak till dagens höga matpriser eller inte. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att kartlägga samt utvärdera de strategier som marknadens aktörer använder sig av. Marknadsanalysen har genomförts med Structure-Conduct-Performance-modellen som teoretisk grund för att kartlägga samt analysera marknadens struktur, strategi och utfall. Priserna på dagligvaror har under det senaste året ökat drastiskt, vilket har resulterat i att marknaden har getts stort medialt utrymme. De höga priserna i kombination med ämnets aktualitet motiverar valet av uppsatsämne. Metodvalet i uppsatsen är en kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Marknadsstrukturen undersöks för två olika år, 2012 och 2021, med anledning att möjliggöra utvärdering av aktörernas strategival. I uppsatsens slutsats konstateras det att den svenska dagligvaruhandeln är en oligopolmarknad med hög marknadskoncentration där de tre största aktörerna står för 90 procent av andelarna på marknaden. Marknadsstrukturen är ett resultat av den grundläggande efterfrågan som finns, samt de etableringshinder som identifierats i uppsatsen. De strategier som behandlas i uppsatsen är vertikal integration, kundbonussystem, fusioner och förvärv samt prissättningsstrategi. Dessa strategival utvärderas som effektiva vad gäller utökandet av aktörernas marknadsmakt, samtidigt som de hämmar konkurrens och försvårar för nyetablering på marknaden. Detta leder till att marknadens utfall inte ses vara helt välfungerande utifrån ett välfärdsperspektiv. Efter genomförandet av denna studie görs dessutom antagandet att den rådande konkurrenssituationen är en bidragande orsak till dagens höga matpriser.

The article touches upon the topical issues of the residential real estate market, which are proposed to be solved by means of time series cointegration. The study aims to assess the structure of the housing market by types of apartments using price dynamics per one square meter of apartments' total area. The objectives of the study are to develop a methodology of determination of time series cointegration for the data with structural relationships; to analyze the average prices for the types of apartments on the primary and secondary housing market; to study the housing market in the Russian Federation by quarterly data of state statistics for the period 2000–2020 based on the developed methodology.The results of the research showed that the prices at the primary and secondary housing market by types of apartments do not always represent an integrated process of the frst order and cannot be used for building a co-integration equation. This necessitated additional analysis and, as a consequence, the correction of the time period. It was proposed to ensure stationarity of linear combination of nonstationary data corresponding to the integrated process of the frst order by using the generalized least squares method (GLS). The sum of the elements of the cointegrating vector obtained this way tends to unity, and the elements themselves are estimates of the relative indi cators of the structure by types of apartments on the primary and secondary housing markets respectively. Thus, the suggested methodology allows estimating, on average, the share of the sold apartments of each type in the period under consideration, both in the regional context and in the country as a whole.The proposed methodology can be used for the estimation of relative indicators of the structure according to temporal data in different applications.

This study aims to investigate the ability of cash flows components to predict the earning and to know the extent of the relationship between accounting profits and cash flow measures. The study sample consisted of 77 industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan for the period from 2006 to 2019. This study relied on the regression method to test the relationship between the study variables. The study findings showed that the cash flows from operating, investing, and financial activities have a statistically significant impact on predicting future earnings. The study also examined the effect of length of operating cycle and company’s size on the predictive ability of cash flows regarding future earnings. The main results for this aspect are that large companies and short operating cycle companies have higher prediction ability for future earnings than small and long operating cycle companies. This paper provides evidence of the information content of cash flows for future earnings in emerging markets like Jordan and is important for Jordanian shareholders by enabling them to evaluate company’s performance. AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Amman Arab University for its great support, and for funding this study.

This paper provides a novel perspective to the nexus of oil prices and stock markets by examining the impact of oil price shocks on stock market anomalies. After decomposing oil price shocks into three types (Kilian, 2009), we find that aggregate demand shocks have the strongest influence on stock market anomalies. In contrast, oil supply shocks and oil specific demand shocks have little impact. Similar results are also found in the industry analysis. Interestingly, the link between aggregate demand shocks and anomalies are the strongest among firms with either small size or high idiosyncratic risks. The documented effects are robust after controlling for investor sentiment as well as several well-known macroeconomic or market factors. Our findings are consistent with but also extend the results of Stambaugh, Yu, and Yuan (2012) in that we show that uncertainty also plays a role in explaining stock market anomalies.

The recent expansion of trade measures across countries in sub-Saharan Africa provides market opportunities for the agri-food sector. However, price signals and changes across domestic and regional...

O desenvolvimento das tecnologias são aperfeiçoadas independentes das consequências e isso reflete no mercado de trabalho, mudando completamente a forma de gerar renda. A economia compartilhada inovou nesse quesito e mudou a relação entre cliente e prestador de serviço, esses novos negócios ganharam destaque do modelo tradicional e surgiram com a perspectiva de mudar a visão moderna em relação ao consumo em massa. A Uber é um exemplo de empresa que adotou o modelo de compartilhamento. O surgimento da Uber em 2010 foi no período de crise econômica e ao chegar no Brasil em 2014 ganhou vários adeptos que viram na Uber uma forma de ganhar dinheiro ou como fator de renda extra. Nesse sentido, as mudanças no mercado de trabalho devem ser pesquisadas, haja visto que os impactos dessa nova realidade atingi diretamente o modo de vida das pessoas. Assim, justifica-se a elaboração desse estudo que se mostra relevante no sentido de trazer uma pesquisa centrada em um fenômeno ainda pouco estudado, mas que se tornou realidade no contexto do mercado atual. O presente trabalho teve como questão: como a Uber se tornou uma das principais alternativas para minimização do índice de desemprego? Em busca dessa resposta teve como objetivo analisar a Uber como fator de influência na minimização do índice de desemprego. Para isso, foram identificados os perfis de motoristas da Uber; a caracterização das organizações de economia compartilhada e feita a confirmação da influência da Uber na renda familiar. Para realização da pesquisa foi disponibilizado um link do questionário, através do Google Forms e foram coletadas 50 respostas de motoristas da Uber no Maranhão. Em seguida, feito uma análise e compilação dos dados coletados e observou que a economia compartilhada impactou na nova realidade de trabalho no mercado do Maranhão.

The article considers examples of the use of financial instruments as integral elements of speculative transactions in the stock market. The general trend of world exchange trade is described, considering the influence of various factors on the market situation. Partial analysis of fundamental and technical factors is used. One of the options trading options was used as a clear example of the practical use of derivative financial instruments. The authors point out the main advantages and disadvantages of options trading, emphasizing a rational approach to the choice of trading strategy and market analysis in general. It is emphasized that the choice of strategy and principle of trade is purely individual, where each market participant has its point of view, so decision-making ultimately leads to the responsibility of the trader. Emphasis is placed on the specificity and uniqueness of options trading, which is always accompanied by complexity, risks and is always associated with potential losses.

Aim. To substantiate the methodological approach and work out the method for determining economic and marketing components of the cost price, the price and the added value of the drug on the example of Rabeprazole. Materials and methods. Scientific publications, reports of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and Centre for Medical Statistics of the MHU, reports and calculations of the cost price of pharmaceutical manufacturers, our own research, as well as methods of systematic, comparative, content-analysis, economic and marketing analysis were used as materials. Results. The stages of work have been summarized, and the algorithm for determining the basic indicators required for manufacturing of drugs has been formed. An extended scheme of calculation of the cost price of products based on the economic approach has been developed; the formation of retail and wholesale price and determination of the wholesale sale value of the drug on the basis of the marketing approach have been studied. The method for determining the basic economic indicators according to the market economic approach, calculation of the added value tax, income and profitability has been worked out on the example of rabeprazole. The distribution of the added value among the subjects of drug promotion and the structure of the added value of the manufacturer have been estimated. Conclusions. The expediency and the necessity of using economic and marketing approaches of the cost management has been substantiated. The cost price and the formation of price for a drug has been calculated, and themethodological approach has been suggested. To assess the total market economic approach as to the determination of the cost price and the price of drug, a graphic scheme of economic and marketing approaches for determining the cost price and the price of drug (progressive retrograde calculation) has been developed. On the example of rabeprazole tablets (0.01 g) the method for determining the cost price, the price, the income and the added value of a drug manufacturer, wholesaler and pharmacy has been studied. The structure of the added value of the drug manufacturer has been characterized.

In the context of the world economy globalization, simultaneous increase in flexibility and volatility of the labour market, structural and demographic shifts, special attention should be paid to the employers' risk reduction associated with seasonal labour supply fluctuations. In the economic literature, the analysis of seasonality in the labor market is considered in terms of choosing the optimal time to apply for a job by job seekers However, the problem of optimal timing of recruitment by organizations remains poorly disclosed. The objective of this study is to forecast changes in labor supply at the labor market of Belarus, taking into account intra-annual seasonal fluctuations and occupation. In order to achieve the set goal the following tasks have been solved: search, analysis and selection of the sources of information about condition and dynamics of labour force supply in the labour market of Belarus; collection, purification, and analysis of statistical information about job seekers in Belarus; selection of the method for seasonal labour market analysis and construction of the seasonal wave, determination of the equations of trend; analysis of the obtained results. General scientific, economic method of analysis, method of grouping and graphical representations were used in the research. In the course of the research the authors built seasonal waves and obtained the equations of trends, which allow to make forecasts of labour force activity in the labour market of the Republic of Belarus in accordance with the type of activity. The research will allow the employers to: effectively develop the recruitment strategy; minimize the recruitment budget; choose the month when the job vacancy announcement will be submitted.

We provide evidence of the stock market consumption wealth effect by using a local labor market analysis. An increase in local stock wealth driven by aggregate stock prices increases local employment and payroll in nontradable industries and in total, with no effect on employment in tradable industries. In a model of geographic heterogeneity in stock wealth, these responses imply an MPC of 3.2 cents per year and that a 20 percent increase in stock valuations, unless countered by monetary policy, increases the aggregate labor bill by at least 1.7 percent and aggregate hours by at least 0.7 percent two years after the shock. (JEL E21, E24, E52, G12, G51, R22, R23 )

For entrepreneurs, being offered a distribution deal by Walmart seems like a dream come true. After all, what better way to have a new product quickly appear in thousands of stores all around the United States or maybe even all around the world? This dream became a reality for Marty, the creator of Tiny Sips—a simple, wholesome children’s beverage made from Montana spring water and all-natural ingredients. As the details and conditions related to the distribution deal became apparent, however, Marty soon understood that doing business at that level requires sophisticated entrepreneurial savvy and a great deal of capital. The joy of possibly selling Tiny Sips everywhere suddenly became eclipsed by questions about how to raise enough cash to scale quickly while simultaneously minimizing risk. Marty needed to employ the business acumen necessary to slow down, consider the pros and cons, and make the best decision for his company. The educational focus of this case involves weighing the entrepreneurial risks and rewards of pursuing a deal with a large retailer like Walmart. While this type of opportunity may seem exciting at first glance, a variety of factors must be considered in order to find a thoughtful and sensible path forward.

This paper analyzes the dynamic return relationships between stocks and other asset classes, namely gold, government bonds and corporate bonds, to investigate whether these asset classes can serve as a hedge and a safe haven for stocks during crises and stock market downturns in Thailand The result suggests that gold generally provides a hedge for the stock market and industry indexes, and that it also works as a safe haven for stocks in some crises However, bonds tend to offer less hedging effect In fact, the correlations between bonds and stocks even increase in some crises, contradicting a common belief that bonds are a safe haven for stocks A possible explanation for this striking finding is that since stocks and bonds share similar sources of companies' cash flows, bonds are viewed as risky as stocks in times of extreme market volatilities and hence market players treat them as one and the same Finally, these hedging and safe haven effects are observed in some, but not all, industries and they do not behave consistently in every crisis © 2021 AESS Publications

The most fascinating thing in stock market world is forecasting stock prices. Almost all players in stock market race to find the best method for forecast stock prices. After years of researching and practicing, we can divide all methods into two main methods, fundamental and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis based its forecasting method on macroeconomic factor, industry analysis, and company internal factors, while technical analysis based on studying financial accounting numbers and stock price trends in the past and present. This study will be focusing in the uses of technical analysing in forecasting stock prices.There are many ways in technical analysis to forecast stock prices. Investors and analysts usually use stock price trends or financial ratios to do that. The latest is the most simple and powerful tools that almost everyone can use it, regardless to its limitations. When it comes to use financial ratios, there are a lot of contradicting results that make its users need to make a comparation between ratios and make a decision. This paper try to use another solution to overcome those problem with using a composite indicators. The composite indicator will be compared with another market ratio to find out which method is the best on forecasting stock prices.The result is composite indicator is the best method on forecasting stock prices compared with price to sales ratio, price to book value ratio, price to earnings per share ratio, and price to operating cash flow ratio.

This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn. Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated. Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study the state, perspective directions of Ukrainian exports of agricultural products and the introduction of effective forecasting using the method of mathematical modeling of a continuous system of aperiodic components. Methodology / approach. In the process of research, the fundamental provisions of modern economic science were used in relation to the groups of factors influencing the resulting indicators of export, foreign trade trends, methods of statistical analysis to assess the weight of factors influencing the resulting function, as well as modern mathematical methods for forecasting of agrarian exports were implemented. Results. The application of the developed mathematical model and the algorithm based on it, allowed to study the situation with the export of Ukrainian agricultural products to the EU, to identify trends specific to individual countries and the EU market as a whole, to assess the opportunities and prospects of niche markets, expansion nomenclature of export goods. Prognoses were given both on the export prospects of individual goods, product groups, and on the volume of deliveries to the EU. The use of factor analysis for forecasting of export deliveries allowed us to assess the impact of each of the factors and limit their amount. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the method of mathematical modeling of a continuous system based on changes in its aperiodic components was used for efficient and relevant forecasting of agrarian export volumes. Even the stages of application of this method, in particular, the analysis and prognoses for individual items of the nomenclature of export goods, for individual countries – importers make it possible to represent the situation with agrarian exports more accurately and forecast future supplies. Practical value / importance. The proposed mathematical approach for market analysis and forecasting of markets can be used by both market regulators and producers and exporters of agricultural products. These polynomial equations for analysis and prognostication for individual product groups can be directly used in practice.

Investors differ in their decisions with respect to risk, returns and market analysis. The present study attempts to examine the influence of financial literacy on retail investors' decisions in relation to return, risk and market analysis. The study uses convenience sampling to collect data from the retail investors through stock brokerage managers. Factor analysis has been employed for understanding factors of financial literacy. Financial literacy is composed of Accounting Information; Market Information; Broad Overview; and Technical Knowledge. The factors of Investment decisions are: Return Analytics; Risk Analytics; and Market. The risk and return analytics have stronger impact on investors decision than market analytics. PLS SEM has been employed for examining relation between financial literacy and Investment decision. The results suggest a significant positive relation between financial literacy and investment decision.

This paper analyses the highly under-researched German residential real estate market. Quality- and spatial-adjusted price and liquidity indices are calculated separately for the investment and rental market on a regional basis. Applying the “Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM)” clustering algorithm, the regions are clustered with respect to their price and liquidity development after the average silhouette method is applied to find the optimal number of clusters. The dataset underlying this analysis comprises more than 4.5 million observations in 380 German regions from 2013 Q1 to 2018 Q4. The clusters are then analysed by means of further economic and socioeconomic data in order to identify similarities. Furthermore, the clusters are interpreted from a geographic perspective. We find that the allocation to cluster 1 is always supported by higher growth rates in the variables, population, working population and real GDP, implying higher demand for space. Moreover, in each of the analysed categories cluster 1 reveals a lower unemployment rate as well as a higher disposable income. One of the most interesting implications is, that apparently a large part of the German population has developed into professional real estate investors. In Germany the largest share of landlords is the one of the so-called non-professional landlords. As the regions assigned to cluster 1, displaying the most significant price increase, seem to be chosen based on a very sophisticated market analysis by identifying the regions with the strongest fundamental data, it seems like the dominating market players have significantly increased their knowledge and approach for investing in residential real estate.

The aim of the article is to investigate the sector of cinema distribution in Poland, especially to identify the degree of concentration within the Polish film distribution market, and to evaluate ...

Aim/purpose – The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the functioning of the cinema distribution market in Poland in 2002-2018. Design/methodology/approach – The results of the quantitative research of the fifteen major film distributors operating in Poland in the analysed period are presented in the paper, together with market capacity, market share ratios and measures of market concentration. Findings – Thanks to the analysis, large distributors operating in the Polish film market are characterised. The analysis of the structure and the concentration of the sector in question shows that nowadays over half of the cinema distribution in Poland is concentrated in the hands of four companies (UIP, Kino Świat, Monolith and Disney), two of which (UIP, Disney) are foreign branches of the major American studios. Thus, the results of the research provide empirical evidence on the impact of international distribution consortia on the Polish cinematographic industry. They are similar to the existing literature findings which concern other countries (e.g. Canada, New Zealand, Western Europe). This means that Poland is part of the trend of dominance of American distributors on global domestic markets. Research implications/limitations – The paper opens a wider discussion about the Polish film distribution. Yet, the research results concern Poland and cannot be generalised to other countries. In addition, studies refer only to the cinema distribution, not taking into account other channels of distribution as DVD, VOD and online distribution. Originality/value/contribution – The cinema distribution market in Poland is still poorly recognised by researchers. The paper is a valuable addition to this research gap.

This article investigates the causal relationship between women’s schooling and fertility by exploiting variation generated by the removal of school fees in Ethiopia. The increase in schooling caused by the reform is identified using both geographic variation in the intensity of its impact and temporal variation generated by the timing of the implementation. The model finds that the removal of school fees led to an increase in schooling for Ethiopian women and that each additional year of schooling led to a reduction in fertility. An investigation of the underlying mechanisms linking schooling and fertility finds that the decline in fertility is associated with an increase in labor market opportunity and a reduction in women’s ideal number of children.

Housing market analysis has witnessed considerable changes in recent decades, especially as a result of the complexity of human settlements and the dynamics of property market analytical techniques. This paper reviews various techniques/methods adopted by researchers and housing experts in analysing the housing market in recent times. The present study is a literature review and, therefore, essentially relies on published data sourced from academic journals, conference papers, thesis, and other secondary sources. The paper highlights the methods considered appropriate and relevant for different property market scenarios, especially in developing countries. The paper, therefore, recommends what it regards as the most appropriate basis for a housing market analysis and research in developing countries against the backdrop of the dynamics of the property market.

The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in uncertainty that permeates every aspect of life and business. In this study we undertake a comprehensive analysis of the impact of COVID-19 related uncertainty on global industry returns and volatility using a sample of 68 global industries and Google Trends search data to measure COVID-19 related uncertainty. The results indicate that COVID-19 related uncertainty negatively impacts returns on all industries and generally leads to higher volatility. We interpret these findings as uncertainty related to the future financial performance of firms and emerging opportunities for some industries. Certain industries are more resilient than others and increased uncertainty is not only necessarily associated with industries that experienced the largest negative returns. We also find that new factors emerged in the return generating process during the COVID-19 period. We show that despite an uncertain climate, some industries performed well, yielding positive cumulative abnormal returns that at times are greater than during the pre-COVID-19 period. The implications of our findings for investors are discussed.

Background: Advancements in technology offer new opportunities for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Venture capital companies have been investing in digital diabetes companies that offer digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). However, little is known about the scientific evidence underpinning such interventions or the degree to which these interventions leverage novel technology-driven automated developments such as conversational agents (CAs) or just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) approaches. Objective: Our objectives were to identify the top-funded companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes management and prevention, review the level of scientific evidence underpinning the DBCIs, identify which DBCIs are recognized as evidence-based programs by quality assurance authorities, and examine the degree to which these DBCIs include novel automated approaches such as CAs and JITAI mechanisms. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using 2 venture capital databases (Crunchbase Pro and Pitchbook) to identify the top-funded companies offering interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention and management. Scientific publications relating to the identified DBCIs were identified via PubMed, Google Scholar, and the DBCIs’ websites, and data regarding intervention effectiveness were extracted. The Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP) of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States was used to identify the recognition status. The DBCIs’ publications, websites, and mobile apps were reviewed with regard to the intervention characteristics. Results: The 16 top-funded companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes received a total funding of US $2.4 billion as of June 15, 2021. Only 4 out of the 50 identified publications associated with these DBCIs were fully powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Further, 1 of those 4 RCTs showed a significant difference in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) outcomes between the intervention and control groups. However, all the studies reported HbA1c improvements ranging from 0.2% to 1.9% over the course of 12 months. In addition, 6 interventions were fully recognized by the DPRP to deliver evidence-based programs, and 2 interventions had a pending recognition status. Health professionals were included in the majority of DBCIs (13/16, 81%,), whereas only 10% (1/10) of accessible apps involved a CA as part of the intervention delivery. Self-reports represented most of the data sources (74/119, 62%) that could be used to tailor JITAIs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the level of funding received by companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes prevention and management does not coincide with the level of evidence on the intervention effectiveness. There is considerable variation in the level of evidence underpinning the different DBCIs and an overall need for more rigorous effectiveness trials and transparent reporting by quality assurance authorities. Currently, very few DBCIs use automated approaches such as CAs and JITAIs, limiting the scalability and reach of these solutions., Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24 (1), ISSN:1438-8871

Overconfidence of financing enterprises in market demand will have a significant impact on their business decision-making and banks' decision-making. This paper constructs the demand function based on the retailer's overconfidence and establishes the profit functions of the retailer and the bank respectively. Through Stackelberg game analysis, the influence of the retailer's overconfidence on each decision variable can be analyzed. The study has the following findings. Firstly, overconfidence makes decision-making deviate from rational decision-making. Secondly, the relationship between loan-to-value ratio and overconfidence is affected by different factors when the banks know the market or do not understand the market. Thirdly, the relationship between retailer's default probability and overconfidence is different when the bank doesn't know the market or knows the market. Fourthly, when the bank does not understand the market but listen to the overconfident retailer's market analysis, he should choose fixed loan-to-value ratio for financing. The overconfident retailer can ask the bank to give a higher loan-to-value ratio to reduce the capital pressure. Fifthly, when the bank conducts market research, the bank should choose the variable loan-to-value ratio contract for financing, while the retailer only needs to make decisions according to the bank's lending strategy.

The main goal of the paper is to present the methodology of collecting the detailed information about incomes from the EU-SILC survey useful for market analyses. The application of methods will be illustrated in the EU-SILC 2014 and 2016 data on the Slovak Republic. The population histogram, median, medial, and a measure of inequality based on median and medial of the whole gross household incomes for the whole Slovak Republic and separately for eight Slovak regions are estimated and compared.

Strengthening of asset return dependence during the 2007–2008 credit crisis highlighted its dynamic and conditional nature. Option prices reflect the market assessment of how dependence between assets varies with price movements and time horizons, yielding the implied correlation surface. Return dependence increases in falling markets and makes correlation a priced risk factor, causing a spread between implied and actual correlation. Order flow pressure from hedging structured products also contributes to the spread. Prior to the crisis, the gap between implied and actual correlation motivated selling dependence between equities—dispersion trading. However, spiking dependence among stock returns during the crisis decimated correlation sellers. Selling at-the-money conditional correlation between NASDAQ-100 components regains an attractive risk-return profile during periods of strong bull market. This may be due to an increasing correlation risk premium caused by greater investor belief heterogeneity. The implied correlation surface enables the construction of strategies with exposures to dependence conditional on various market dynamics. In particular, a long correlation skew trade delivers attractive returns, while hedging the effects of volatility and mitigating exposure to the level of correlation. This suggests segmentation of the options market along the moneyness dimension. As a risk factor, a correlation skew trade is nearly orthogonal to the five Fama–French risk factors, as well as the momentum factor.

Market analysis is a diagnostic process to uncover the root causes of how markets perform from an economic perspective. This market analysis will help us understand how the market supply and demand work and what elements affect this performance during 2015-2017. Market analysis provides the initial foundation for the market intervention; this foundation is not constant as markets that are constantly evolving and dynamic. This paper will analyze the factors that affect the supply and demand in the same period in addition to the price elasticity for the Tesla Model - S. Finally, this paper develops an insight into the future of the industry.

We investigate the time-series patterns in industry return predictability conditioned on insider demand from 1996 to 2016. Current insider demand within an industry is positively associated with higher future industry returns. This relation is primarily driven by the buy side of insider trades and is more pronounced during periods of economic recession and high market volatility where uncertainty and information asymmetry are relatively high. Our results are consistent with the notion that corporate insiders have an informational advantage that can be used as an indicator for industry portfolio selection.

The existing results show that for two-point distributions, the investment direction of a CPT-investor is determined by the actual (respectively, perceived) market opportunity when the investor is in a gain (respectively, loss) position. For general distributions this article shows that the result in the case of gain positions still holds when the CPT-investor is sufficiently loss-averse, but no longer holds in the case of loss positions by constructing counterexamples.

In this paper, we design a multi-agent model to explore endogenous mechanisms that create extremes in stock markets. This study will show that when making trading decisions, if the changing trends of a stock index are taken into consideration, several stylized facts, including synchronized behavior, increased downside correlations and the leverage effect, are reproducible in the model. If reversed, these facts prove the reliability of our assumption of the microscopic mechanism in the model. We finally conclude that a market drop causes synchronized behavior and further market drops. In other words, the stock index not only represents and describes a general market assessment but can also affect market sentiment and change future market trends.

This study was conducted to determine whether the company's performance BBNI reflected in the market price of its shares. An assessment of the share price calculated by the method BBNI Discounted Earnings Approach. The approach used is the analysis of top-down where the approach begins with a macroeconomic analysis, industry analysis and then proceed with the analysis of the company, analysis of financial projections for the next few years and then analyzes the determination of the intrinsic value of the company with a variety of basic assumptions gained through the process of collecting the data secondary. Based on the results of the calculation of the valuation by Discounted Earnings Approach at the end of 2014 should BBNI stock price of Rp 6.653, while in reality the closing price at the end of 2014 amounted to Rp 6.100, which means that the undervalued share price. Price estimasian of valuation calculations with Discounted Earnings Approach indicates that BBNI share intrinsic value at the end of 2015 should be in the range of Rp. 8.654

This paper presents the literature review of circular economy (CE) and ELV recycling in Republic of Serbia. While circular Economy involves the circulation of materials, resources, energy and their reuse, in the automotive industry the circular economy is implemented by re-manufacturing a wide variety of components and parts. Leading vehicle producers souch as Renault, Fiat have implemented elements of circular economy in order to transform end-of-life parts and vehicles into a vehicle production and maintenance resource in order to reduce the consumption of raw materials. According to literature presented, circular economy is not quite implemented in overall ELV recycling process in Republic of Serbia.

Is there knowledge adoption of innovations from emerging economies? We theorize that, to help overcome information asymmetry across countries, granting patents to technology in the emerging economy of China can serve as a signal of technology potential and market opportunity to enhance technological knowledge adoption in a developed economy such as the United States. The effect may be greater in a complex technology sector with high information asymmetry than in a discrete technology sector, and in regions with less developed market intermediaries, where information asymmetry is high. Our difference-in-differences estimates using 4226 China–U.S. patent dyads and comparable U.S. patents support our hypotheses.

In my publication I want to show role of management and participation management for corporations. It is necessary to present the type of management, due to dependency, participation and decisions and the needs of corporations. Last years are the period of processing and building management, we can see new tendency and trends in management and participation management. One of the most important factors and variables is international policy and polish policy for managers. Internalization and cooperation’s webs need management and new style of managers. The management for organization and representation on the market, to clients and cooperation company are still important for corporation in Europe. In future in management will be necessary to implement internalization, international cooperation and representation. Many corporations are planning to develop in EU and European market. Important issue is building the mark and market position on country market. IT market, mobile solutions and knowledge market (for education, company, marketing, institutions and research market) are developing in Europe. Important issues are internalizations in marketing, sales, logistic and transport, assets.

Purpose This paper focuses on execution costs as liquidity measure. Execution costs are related to volatility and are an important component of a firm’s cost of capital. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether emerging market firms have lower execution costs when they face less restrictions on foreign investment and when they have more foreign shareholders. Design/methodology/approach The authors begin by documenting the cross-sectional behavior of execution costs. The authors then obtain preliminary evidence on the interaction between execution costs, the investability index and actual foreign investment. These results foreshadow those the authors obtain with the regression analysis. The ordinary least square results show that more investable firms have lower execution costs after the authors control for firm size, stock price, return volatility, industry effects and country effects. This evidence is very robust and highly significant. Direct foreign ownership (FO) in emerging market firms also appear to be associated with lower execution costs. The economic benefit from lowering the investability index on trade execution costs is highly significant. Findings Using a large cross-sectional sample from 23 emerging markets, the authors show that firms with more ex ante restrictions on FO, measured by the investability index, have lower execution costs, such as quoted spreads (QS) and effective spreads (ES), after the authors control for firm size, stock price, return volatility, industry factors and country effects. In addition, direct FO in emerging market firms appears to be associated with lower execution costs. However, ex ante restrictions on FO dominate the influence of direct FO. For a 0.5 increase in the investability index in the range of 0–1, the QS will be reduced by 17 percent of the mean QS, and the ES will be reduced by 12 percent of the mean ES from the sample stocks. Originality/value There are important differences between the approach and most of the financial liberalization studies. First, whereas most of the earlier studies are conducted at the level of country or market analysis, the investigation is at the level of individual stocks. Second, the authors focus on a cross-sectional association that avoids a criticism leveled at time series analyses. Over-time studies often use specific time points to represent financial liberalization watersheds. This approach can be misleading when financial liberalizations are viewed as processes that unfold over time. Third, the proxies for financial openness are available not only for individual firms across markets, but the authors also make a distinction between potential and actual foreign investment. The authors further categorize actual foreign investment into direct and indirect FO.

This article responds to Peck’s call for a heterodox economic analysis of markets that is sensitive to their sociality and spatiality with Polanyi’s work as a starting point. It is argued that while Polanyi’s concept of the socially embedded economy offers a useful heuristic for apprehending the social foundations of economic activity, his analysis exhibits ‘market fetishism’ – a tendency to treat markets as things in and of themselves, without a proper appreciation of their inherently social foundations – and that this is reflected in broader scholarly discourses with respect to markets. Thus, it is argued, we need to augment Polanyi’s framework with other heterodox economic insights. The article outlines a four-step approach to ‘de-fetishizing’ markets. First, the article foregrounds the specifically capitalist nature of the global economy, and the ‘unique system of market dependence’ to which capitalist social relations give rise. Second, it is argued that de-fetishizing markets requires that an agent-centred approach be adopted. Rather than viewing markets as ‘things’ it is argued that they are most usefully understood as the interactions between agents, the most significant of which, within the contemporary global economy, is the large capitalist firm. Third, the interaction between such agents is structured by pervasive frameworks of rules. Fourth, it is argued that markets are inherently spatial phenomena. They are spatially constituted and contribute to the production of space.